利用Wx-D1标记辅助改良部分糯性小麦农艺性状的研究
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摘要
小麦是重要的粮食作物之一,其产量与品质直接影响着国家的粮食安全和人们生活质量的提高。淀粉是小麦的主要储藏物质,其特性是影响小麦品质的重要因素之一。颗粒结合型淀粉合成酶I(GBSSI, Waxy蛋白)是小麦胚乳中直链淀粉合成的关键酶。小麦基因组中存在3个Waxy基因(Wx-A1、Wx-B1、Wx-D1)。在江苏白火麦中Wx-D1位点的突变(wx-D1b)引起Wx-D蛋白的缺失,导致直链淀粉含量下降,其面粉表现出部分糯性。与目前生产上推广品种相比,江苏白火麦的农艺性状较差,产量较低。为了培育农艺性状优良的部分糯性小麦,我们将江苏白火麦与具有优良农艺性状的小麦品种(系)济南17、烟农15和PH85-16、(轮回亲本)分别进行杂交,后代与其相应轮回亲本连续回交五代,在每代中选出农艺性状与轮回亲本相近并含有wx-D1b的后代。第五代回交后代进行自交,选择具有wx-D1b的纯合体再进行三代连续自交,最终获得了13个综合农艺性状优良、直/支链淀粉比例明显降低的部分糯性小麦新品系。研究表明采用回交转育与分子标记辅助选择相结合的方法,是培育农艺性状优良部分糯性小麦的一种非常有效的方法。
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of important food crops in the world. With improvement of the people’s life and development of food industry, wheat flour quality become more and more important. Granule-bound starch synthase plays a key role in amylose synthesis. The amylose level can be reduced to zero through mutations of the waxy locus. In common wheat, there are three GBSSI genes (Wx-A1, Wx-B1, Wx-D1) which encode the granule-bound starch synthase. The waxy wheat does not contain all three waxy proteins, and the partial waxy wheat lacks either one or two of the waxy proteins. The partial waxy wheat is suitable for making dry white noodle, but there is not commercial waxy wheat in market due to agronomic traits of partial waxy wheat are too bad. To improve agronomic traits of partial waxy wheat, crossing between Chinese Baihuomai and wheat cultivars PH85-16, Jinan 17, and Yannong 15 was performed. The progeny plants were further backcrossed to these cultivars as recurrent parents for five generations. To get homozygous plants with the null allele at the Wx-D1 locus, self-pollination was carried out in the BC5F1 generation. Through another three generations, 13 partial waxy wheat lines were obtained, which had similar agronomic performance as their recurrent parents and carried the null allele at the Wx-D1 locus. In each generation, the Wx-D1 locus was identified by a PCR-based DNA marker and the agronomic traits were examined in progeny plants. The results from this study indicate that the use of backcrossing with a PCR-based DNA marker was useful in waxy wheat breeding. These partial waxy wheat lines can be used in field production.
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of important food crops in the world. With improvement of the people’s life and development of food industry, wheat flour quality become more and more important. Granule-bound starch synthase plays a key role in amylose synthesis. The amylose level can be reduced to zero through mutations of the waxy locus. In common wheat, there are three GBSSI genes (Wx-A1, Wx-B1, Wx-D1) which encode the granule-bound starch synthase. The waxy wheat does not contain all three waxy proteins, and the partial waxy wheat lacks either one or two of the waxy proteins. The partial waxy wheat is suitable for making dry white noodle, but there is not commercial waxy wheat in market due to agronomic traits of partial waxy wheat are too bad. To improve agronomic traits of partial waxy wheat, crossing between Chinese Baihuomai and wheat cultivars PH85-16, Jinan 17, and Yannong 15 was performed. The progeny plants were further backcrossed to these cultivars as recurrent parents for five generations. To get homozygous plants with the null allele at the Wx-D1 locus, self-pollination was carried out in the BC5F1 generation. Through another three generations, 13 partial waxy wheat lines were obtained, which had similar agronomic performance as their recurrent parents and carried the null allele at the Wx-D1 locus. In each generation, the Wx-D1 locus was identified by a PCR-based DNA marker and the agronomic traits were examined in progeny plants. The results from this study indicate that the use of backcrossing with a PCR-based DNA marker was useful in waxy wheat breeding. These partial waxy wheat lines can be used in field production.
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