北京东灵山地区三种外生菌根真菌遗传多样性研究
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摘要
本实验采用RAPD和RAMS技术分别对北京市东灵山地区针叶林中的三种优势外生菌根真菌种群的遗传多样性及基因型结构进行研究。对33个棕灰口蘑子实体的RAPD分析表明：每一个子实体属于不同的基因型，该种群形成数量多的小基因型，即基因型不大于0.5m。RAMS分析将210个血红铆钉菇子实体和260个点柄乳牛肝菌子实体分别分为108和99个基因型，最大基因型分别是450m和84m。Shannon-Weaver多样性指数分析表明：棕灰口蘑、血红铆钉茹和点柄乳牛肝菌种群的遗传多样性指数分别为4.52、2.92和3.87。有性孢子的传播繁殖方式同时存在于这3种外生菌根真菌种群内，特别是棕灰口蘑种群的主要传播繁殖方式；血红铆钉菇和点柄乳牛肝菌种群地下菌丝体的生长、延伸也是重要的繁殖传播方式。
The genetic variation and spatial distribution of the population of ectomycorrhizal fungi Chroogomphus rutilus, Suillus granulatus, and Tricholoma terreum were studied using RAPD and RAMS in coniferous forest in Donglingshan of Beijing. Results showed that the 33 sporophores of T. terreum collected from Larix principis-rupprechtii stand belonged to distinct genotypes based on the analysis of RAPD markers. The genet size of this species was small and no larger than 0.5 m.
Two hundred and ten sporocarps of C. rulilus and 260 sporocarps of S. granulatus were collected from Pinus tabulaeformis stand in this study. C. rutilus population was divided into 108 genotypes and formed a large genet of 450 m, and 5. granulatus population was grouped into 99 genotypes and had a large genet of 84 m both based on analysis of RAMS marker.
The genetic diversity as determined by Shannon-Weaver diversity index within the population of T. terreum, C. rutilus and S. granulatus were 4.52, 2.92 and 3.87, respectively.
It suggests that sexual spore propagation is very important in the life history of the three fungi, particular in T. terreum population, concurrently the population of C. rutilus and S. granulatus spread under ground by clonal mycelium extension.
The genetic variation and spatial distribution of the population of ectomycorrhizal fungi Chroogomphus rutilus, Suillus granulatus, and Tricholoma terreum were studied using RAPD and RAMS in coniferous forest in Donglingshan of Beijing. Results showed that the 33 sporophores of T. terreum collected from Larix principis-rupprechtii stand belonged to distinct genotypes based on the analysis of RAPD markers. The genet size of this species was small and no larger than 0.5 m.
Two hundred and ten sporocarps of C. rulilus and 260 sporocarps of S. granulatus were collected from Pinus tabulaeformis stand in this study. C. rutilus population was divided into 108 genotypes and formed a large genet of 450 m, and 5. granulatus population was grouped into 99 genotypes and had a large genet of 84 m both based on analysis of RAMS marker.
The genetic diversity as determined by Shannon-Weaver diversity index within the population of T. terreum, C. rutilus and S. granulatus were 4.52, 2.92 and 3.87, respectively.
It suggests that sexual spore propagation is very important in the life history of the three fungi, particular in T. terreum population, concurrently the population of C. rutilus and S. granulatus spread under ground by clonal mycelium extension.
引文
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刘润进．1989．VA菌根对湖北海棠实生苗水分状况的影响．莱阳农学院学报 6：34-39
邹喻苹，葛颂，王晓东．2001．系统与进化植物学中的分子标记．北京：科学出版社
陈作红，张志光，张平．1998．几种鹅膏菌种分离培养及其RAPD鉴定．吉林农业大学学报 增：93
周玉芝，刘增柱，韩桂云，田春杰．1998．外生菌根真菌对植物根病原菌拮抗作用的
研究．菌根生物多样性及其应用研究—中澳合作广州国际菌根研讨会论文集．80-83
梁宇，郭良栋，马克平．2002．菌根真菌在生态系统中的作用．植物生态学报，26：739-745
黄亦存，沈崇尧，裘维蕃．1992．外生菌根的形态学、解剖学及分类学研究进展．真菌学报 11：169-181
曾东方，罗信昌，陈升明．2000．珍稀共生食用真菌松茸DNA指纹研究．园艺学报 3：223-225
雷增普，罗晓芳，王昌温等．1983．外生菌根真菌对油松苗木猝倒病的生物防治效应．北京林业大学学报 11：81-89
Agerer R, Kraigher H. & Javomik B. 1996. Identification of Hydnum rufescens on Norway spruce. Nova Hedwigia 63:183-194
Allen MF. eds. 1991. The ecology of mycorrhizae. Cambridge University Press, NewYork, pp1-8, 113-118
Anderson IC, Chambers SM & Cairney JWG. 1998. Use of molecular methods to estimate the size and distribution of mycelial individuals of the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Pisolithus tinctorius. Mycological Research 102:295-300
Ashley MV & Dow BD. 1994. The use of microsatellite analysis in population biology: background, methods and potential applications .In: Shierwater, B., B. Streit, G.P. Wagner, R. DeSalle eds. Mocecular eology and evolution: approaches and applications. Switzerland: Birkhauser Verlag Basel. 185-201
Baar J, Ozinga WA & Kuyper THW. 1994. Spatial distribution of Laccaria bicolor genets reflected by sporocarps after removal of litter and humus layers in a Pinus sylvestris forest. Mycological Research 98:726-728
Bakkeren G, Kronstad JW & Andre Levesque C. 2000. Comparison of AFLP fingerprints and ITS sequences as phylogenetic markers in Ustilaginomycetes. Mycologia 92:510-521
Bonello P, Bruns TD & Gardes M. 1998. Genetic structure of a natural population of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillus pungens. New Phytologist 138:533-542
Bonfante P, Lanfranco L, Cometti V & Genre A. 1997. Interand intraspecific variablity in strains of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillus as revealed by molecular techniques. Mycological Research 152:287-292.
Bruns TD & Gardes M. 1993. Molecular tools for the identification of ectomycorrhizal fungi. Molecular Ecology 2:233-242
Bruns TD & Palmer JD. 1989. Evolution of mushroom mitochondrial DNA: Suillus and related genera. Journal of Molecular Evolution 28:349-362
Bruns TD, Bidartondo MI & Taylor DL. 2002. Host specificity in ectomycorrhizal communities: What do the exceptions tell us? Integrative and Comparative Biology 42:352-359
Bryla DR & Duniway JM. 1997. Growth, phosphorus uptake and water relations of safflower and wheat infected with an arbusular mycorrhizal fungus. New Phytologist 136:581-590
Burgess T, Wingfield MJ & Wingfield BW. 2001. Simple sequence repeat markers distinguish among morphotypes of Sphaeropsis sapinea. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67:354-362
Calvo-Bado LA, Challen MP, Thurston CF & Elliott TJ. 2001. RAPD characterisation of heterogeneity in spore progenies and sexuality in the genus Agaricus. Mycological Research 105:370-376
Chalmers KJ, Waugh R & Sprent JI. 1992. Detection of genetic variation between and within populations of Gliricidia sepium and G. maculata using RAPD makers. Heredity 69:465-472
Colpaert JV, Vandenkoornhuyse P, Adrlaensen K & Vangronsveld J. 2000. Genetic variation and heavy metal tolerance in the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Suillus luteus. New Phytologist. 147:367-379
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