明永冰川低温微生物多样性初步研究
摘要
冰川是较为独特的生态系统,由于其低温、寡营养的环境为生命和生命大分子物质的保存提供了较为理想的环境,因此被认为是研究宇宙生命进化和地球环境演化等重大问题的“活化石”,而且也是一个天然的微生物“贮藏库”。因而我们对这一特殊生态系统中微生物的研究可以为古气候的模拟提供信息,采集地球生命和寒区环境协同变化的信息,研究生命的进化以及极端环境下的生物学特性,发掘对人类有用的特殊基因和嗜冷微生物及其分泌产物。本项研究以云南省低纬度、低海拔的明永冰川样品为实验材料,利用分离培养的手段,对该地区低温微生物多样性进行了初步研究。
从来自冰川低温环境中的样品中共筛选分离出可培养的微生物菌株29株,其中细菌22株,真菌7株。7株真菌均能在4～25℃生长,不能在37℃生长;通过菌落形态和显微形态对比分析,对7株低温真菌进行了初步分类鉴定,具体为:2株属于青霉属(Penicillium),2株属于无孢菌群(Mycellia sterilia),1株属于枝孢属(Cladosporium),1株属曲霉属(Aspergillus),另1株属于亚黑团孢属(Periconiella)。利用形态观察技术、生理生化鉴定技术、16S rRNA基因系统发育分析技术对22株细菌进行了鉴定。结果表明:菌株MY14011能在4～13℃生长,25℃不生长,菌株MY1402能在4～37℃生长,42℃不生长,其余20株细菌均能在4～25℃生长,37℃不生长,推测菌株MY14011为嗜冷菌(Psychrophilies),菌株MY1402和其余20株菌均为耐冷菌(Psychrotrophs);大多数菌株为杆状,革兰氏阴性,抗性和产酶情况区别较大,大多数生理生化特性接近或相同;16S rRNA基因系统发育分析表明:1株菌属于色杆菌属(Chromobacterium),1株菌属于黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium),2株菌属于节杆菌属(Arthrobacter),其余18株菌均属于假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)。
本次对明永冰川低温微生物多样性的初步研究获得了一批重要的菌种资源,了解了该地区微生物多样性的特点,为进一步的深入了解菌群多样性提供了科学依据。但通过纯培养分离地方法对多样性了解尚不够全面,今后应进一步增加研究方法,更客观地反映明永冰川地区微生物多样性的信息,不断提高冰川微生物的研究水平。
Glacier is a special ecosystem. Because of low temperature and scant nutrition, it has been considered as an important area for conservation of organisms and biological molecules (DNA, RNA and proteins). It provides us a "live fossil" in study of coevolution of life and environment. The glaciers are huge natural storage of microorganism. The study on microbial ecology of glacier and permafrost has very important value on the simulation of paleoclimate, collection of the information of coevolution between lives and cold-environment, study of biological evolution clock and exploration of valuable metabolic end-products. In this paper, the diversity of microorganism in Mingyong Glacier, which was located in Yunnan province and famous for its low altitude and low latitude in the world was studied.
Total of twenty-nine cold-adapted microorganisms were isolated from Mingyong glacier area. Among them, twenty-two strains belong to bacteria and seven strains belong to fungi. All fungi can grow at 4～25℃. According to their morphological and physiological characteristics, fungi were identified as one member of Cladosporium genus, one member of Aspergillus genus, one member of Periconiella genus, two members of Penicillium genus and two members of Mycelia Sterilia genus, respectively.
Based on morphological, physiological characteristics and 16S rRNA gene analysis, all isolated bacteria were identified. According to the growth range of isolates, only MY14011 can be defined as psychrophile, all others belong to psychrophic. Most isolates showed rod-shaped cell and stained as Gram negative. The biochemical characteristics of isolates, such as sensitivety towards antibiotics and hydrolysis ability for casein, starch and olive oil were studied and showed difference each other. According to physiological and biochemical characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene, one isolate was identified as Chromobacterium genus, one was Flavobacterium genus, two were Arthrobacter genus and all others were Pseudomonas genus.
We isolated many valuable cold-adapted microorganisms from Mingyong Glacier. This is the first report of microbial diversity in Mingyong Glacier area, Yunnan province, China. Further study will focus on developing more methods in studying microbial diverity in this area.
从来自冰川低温环境中的样品中共筛选分离出可培养的微生物菌株29株,其中细菌22株,真菌7株。7株真菌均能在4～25℃生长,不能在37℃生长;通过菌落形态和显微形态对比分析,对7株低温真菌进行了初步分类鉴定,具体为:2株属于青霉属(Penicillium),2株属于无孢菌群(Mycellia sterilia),1株属于枝孢属(Cladosporium),1株属曲霉属(Aspergillus),另1株属于亚黑团孢属(Periconiella)。利用形态观察技术、生理生化鉴定技术、16S rRNA基因系统发育分析技术对22株细菌进行了鉴定。结果表明:菌株MY14011能在4～13℃生长,25℃不生长,菌株MY1402能在4～37℃生长,42℃不生长,其余20株细菌均能在4～25℃生长,37℃不生长,推测菌株MY14011为嗜冷菌(Psychrophilies),菌株MY1402和其余20株菌均为耐冷菌(Psychrotrophs);大多数菌株为杆状,革兰氏阴性,抗性和产酶情况区别较大,大多数生理生化特性接近或相同;16S rRNA基因系统发育分析表明:1株菌属于色杆菌属(Chromobacterium),1株菌属于黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium),2株菌属于节杆菌属(Arthrobacter),其余18株菌均属于假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)。
本次对明永冰川低温微生物多样性的初步研究获得了一批重要的菌种资源,了解了该地区微生物多样性的特点,为进一步的深入了解菌群多样性提供了科学依据。但通过纯培养分离地方法对多样性了解尚不够全面,今后应进一步增加研究方法,更客观地反映明永冰川地区微生物多样性的信息,不断提高冰川微生物的研究水平。
Glacier is a special ecosystem. Because of low temperature and scant nutrition, it has been considered as an important area for conservation of organisms and biological molecules (DNA, RNA and proteins). It provides us a "live fossil" in study of coevolution of life and environment. The glaciers are huge natural storage of microorganism. The study on microbial ecology of glacier and permafrost has very important value on the simulation of paleoclimate, collection of the information of coevolution between lives and cold-environment, study of biological evolution clock and exploration of valuable metabolic end-products. In this paper, the diversity of microorganism in Mingyong Glacier, which was located in Yunnan province and famous for its low altitude and low latitude in the world was studied.
Total of twenty-nine cold-adapted microorganisms were isolated from Mingyong glacier area. Among them, twenty-two strains belong to bacteria and seven strains belong to fungi. All fungi can grow at 4～25℃. According to their morphological and physiological characteristics, fungi were identified as one member of Cladosporium genus, one member of Aspergillus genus, one member of Periconiella genus, two members of Penicillium genus and two members of Mycelia Sterilia genus, respectively.
Based on morphological, physiological characteristics and 16S rRNA gene analysis, all isolated bacteria were identified. According to the growth range of isolates, only MY14011 can be defined as psychrophile, all others belong to psychrophic. Most isolates showed rod-shaped cell and stained as Gram negative. The biochemical characteristics of isolates, such as sensitivety towards antibiotics and hydrolysis ability for casein, starch and olive oil were studied and showed difference each other. According to physiological and biochemical characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene, one isolate was identified as Chromobacterium genus, one was Flavobacterium genus, two were Arthrobacter genus and all others were Pseudomonas genus.
We isolated many valuable cold-adapted microorganisms from Mingyong Glacier. This is the first report of microbial diversity in Mingyong Glacier area, Yunnan province, China. Further study will focus on developing more methods in studying microbial diverity in this area.
引文
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