内置铁炭厌氧反应器处理印染废水研究
摘要
印染废水具有有机污染物浓度高、脱色困难、水质变化大和难生物降解等鲜明特点,在我国属于难处理的工业废水之一,经济、有效的印染废水处理技术已经成为当今环保行业普遍关注的课题。本文研究学习了国内外印染废水的处理现状,介绍了目前应用的各种物理、化学、生物处理技术。针对单独应用铁炭微电解法处理印染废水易生锈、板结和厌氧生物法易酸化、脱色率低等缺点,提出了内置铁炭厌氧生物处理组合工艺,并研究了不同COD浓度和染料(活性艳红X-3B)浓度的偶氮染料模拟废水在内置铁炭厌氧组合工艺下的处理效果及其降解机理,同时结合实际染料废水的处理情况和反应器内微生物种群分析,进而综合比较衡量本工艺的可行性。根据本课题的实验研究和理论分析,可以得出如下结论：
1、利用内置有铁炭的UASB反应器处理活性艳红X-3B染料废水,染料脱色率高,COD去除率高,并且反应器运行稳定,而UASB反应器相比较效果较差。当X-3B浓度小于200mg／L时,内置有铁炭的反应器R1其COD、色度去除率分别为51.1%和96.2%,高于对比反应器R2的42.5%和68.7%,且其出水pH稳定。处理高染料浓度废水R1仍有85%的色度去除率,R2效果较差,出水pH为4.9明显酸化；处理高进水COD浓度R1保持90%以上色度去除率,高于R2的75%,且反应体系厌氧环境稳定,ORP值较低。在进水COD1500mg／L、X-3B100mg／L条件下, R1其色度、COD平均去除率分别为91.7%和53%,高于对比反应器R2的43.8%和32%,同时经紫外光谱分析发现R1出水其特征吸收峰值明显降低或消失,X-3B结构得到有效破坏。
2、通过对比R1、R2反应器处理实际印染废水的情况发现铁炭的加入使R1反应器色度、COD去除率分别提高22%和21%,达到82%和63%,同时出水BOD5/COD提高到0.28,与R2相比较B／C增加了0.17,有利于下一步好氧生物处理。同时观察内部铁屑的表面形态,其具有明显的金属光泽,说明铁炭的加入更能保持反应器厌氧环境；另一方面通过采用荧光原位杂交的方法对R1、R2反应器内污泥微生物群落分析,发现R1内甲烷的含量明显多于R2,而产酸菌的含量则少于R2,这也证明了上述论断。改变反应器水利停留时间和回流比等运行参数发现,内置有铁炭的反应器具有更好的承受能力,能更有效的抑制反应器的酸化。
The printing wastewater is one of the refractory wastewater because its distinctive characteristics of high pollutant level, difficulty to discoloration, water quality fluctuation and difficult to degradation. How to dispose the printing wastewater with economical and effective processing technology has become a universal problem concerned by the environmental protection field today. The article elaborated the status quo of the dye wastewater treatment from home and abroad, introducing various physical, chemical and biological treatment technologies at present. Since the iron chipping micro-electrolysis method has the problems of rust, easy to harden in treating dyeing wastewater and the shortcomings of acidification, low removal rate of color using anaerobic biological methods, we put forward the process of the built-in zero valent rion (ZVI)-anaerobic treatment and studied the treatment effect and degradation mechanism of this process when it was employed to treat the simulative dying wastewater with different COD and X-3B concentrations. We also researched the effects of treating the actual dying wastewater and microbial populations of the reactor to comprehensively comparing and measuring the feasibility of this technology. According to the experimental study and theoretical analysis, we can draw the following conclusions:
1. The decolorization and COD removal efficiencies were perfect and the reactor was stable with built-in iron ZVI-UASB (R1) treating reactive red X-3B dye wastewater, while the UASB (R2) reactor was less effective compared to R1. When the X-3B concentration was less than 200mg/L, the COD and color removal rate were 51.1% and 96.2% respectively, higher than the R2 reactor which was 42.5% and 68.7%, and the pH of effluent was stable. The COD removal rate was still 85% with high X-3B concentration of wastewater in the R1, however, the treatment of dye wastewater wasn't effextive in the R2 reactor and the effluent pH was 4.9 which mean serious acidification. The R1 maiatained more than 90% color removal rate with high influent COD concentration, higher than the 75% in the R2, and the anaerobic environment of the reactor system was stable, ORP value was also lower. The COD and color removal rate was 91.7% and 53% respectively, higher than the R2 43.8% and 32% with the influent COD concentration of 1500mg/L and X-3B concentration of 100mg/L. X-3B structure has been effectively destroyed because the characteristic absorption peak of the effluent was significantly decreased or disappeared by UV spectroscopy.
2. Comparing the effects of treating the actual dye wastewater, the COD and color removal rate were increased by 22% and 21%, reaching to 82% and 63% by adding iron clip and carbon to the UASB. At the same time, the BOD5/COD of effluent increased to 0.28, compared with 0.16 of the R2 which is conducive to aerobic biological treatment in the next step. It was found that the surface of the internal iron clip was obvious no rust and had metallic luster which indicated that the addition of iron to the anaerobic reactor can effectively maintain the environment. On the other hand, the analysis of microbial communities in the sludge using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method showed that the methanogens in the R1 was more than R2, while the acidogens was less than R2 which also proves the above conclude. The built-in ZVI-UASB process has better capacity and could effectively inhibit the acidification with parameter changes of different hydraulic remain time and reflux ratio.
1、利用内置有铁炭的UASB反应器处理活性艳红X-3B染料废水,染料脱色率高,COD去除率高,并且反应器运行稳定,而UASB反应器相比较效果较差。当X-3B浓度小于200mg／L时,内置有铁炭的反应器R1其COD、色度去除率分别为51.1%和96.2%,高于对比反应器R2的42.5%和68.7%,且其出水pH稳定。处理高染料浓度废水R1仍有85%的色度去除率,R2效果较差,出水pH为4.9明显酸化；处理高进水COD浓度R1保持90%以上色度去除率,高于R2的75%,且反应体系厌氧环境稳定,ORP值较低。在进水COD1500mg／L、X-3B100mg／L条件下, R1其色度、COD平均去除率分别为91.7%和53%,高于对比反应器R2的43.8%和32%,同时经紫外光谱分析发现R1出水其特征吸收峰值明显降低或消失,X-3B结构得到有效破坏。
2、通过对比R1、R2反应器处理实际印染废水的情况发现铁炭的加入使R1反应器色度、COD去除率分别提高22%和21%,达到82%和63%,同时出水BOD5/COD提高到0.28,与R2相比较B／C增加了0.17,有利于下一步好氧生物处理。同时观察内部铁屑的表面形态,其具有明显的金属光泽,说明铁炭的加入更能保持反应器厌氧环境；另一方面通过采用荧光原位杂交的方法对R1、R2反应器内污泥微生物群落分析,发现R1内甲烷的含量明显多于R2,而产酸菌的含量则少于R2,这也证明了上述论断。改变反应器水利停留时间和回流比等运行参数发现,内置有铁炭的反应器具有更好的承受能力,能更有效的抑制反应器的酸化。
The printing wastewater is one of the refractory wastewater because its distinctive characteristics of high pollutant level, difficulty to discoloration, water quality fluctuation and difficult to degradation. How to dispose the printing wastewater with economical and effective processing technology has become a universal problem concerned by the environmental protection field today. The article elaborated the status quo of the dye wastewater treatment from home and abroad, introducing various physical, chemical and biological treatment technologies at present. Since the iron chipping micro-electrolysis method has the problems of rust, easy to harden in treating dyeing wastewater and the shortcomings of acidification, low removal rate of color using anaerobic biological methods, we put forward the process of the built-in zero valent rion (ZVI)-anaerobic treatment and studied the treatment effect and degradation mechanism of this process when it was employed to treat the simulative dying wastewater with different COD and X-3B concentrations. We also researched the effects of treating the actual dying wastewater and microbial populations of the reactor to comprehensively comparing and measuring the feasibility of this technology. According to the experimental study and theoretical analysis, we can draw the following conclusions:
1. The decolorization and COD removal efficiencies were perfect and the reactor was stable with built-in iron ZVI-UASB (R1) treating reactive red X-3B dye wastewater, while the UASB (R2) reactor was less effective compared to R1. When the X-3B concentration was less than 200mg/L, the COD and color removal rate were 51.1% and 96.2% respectively, higher than the R2 reactor which was 42.5% and 68.7%, and the pH of effluent was stable. The COD removal rate was still 85% with high X-3B concentration of wastewater in the R1, however, the treatment of dye wastewater wasn't effextive in the R2 reactor and the effluent pH was 4.9 which mean serious acidification. The R1 maiatained more than 90% color removal rate with high influent COD concentration, higher than the 75% in the R2, and the anaerobic environment of the reactor system was stable, ORP value was also lower. The COD and color removal rate was 91.7% and 53% respectively, higher than the R2 43.8% and 32% with the influent COD concentration of 1500mg/L and X-3B concentration of 100mg/L. X-3B structure has been effectively destroyed because the characteristic absorption peak of the effluent was significantly decreased or disappeared by UV spectroscopy.
2. Comparing the effects of treating the actual dye wastewater, the COD and color removal rate were increased by 22% and 21%, reaching to 82% and 63% by adding iron clip and carbon to the UASB. At the same time, the BOD5/COD of effluent increased to 0.28, compared with 0.16 of the R2 which is conducive to aerobic biological treatment in the next step. It was found that the surface of the internal iron clip was obvious no rust and had metallic luster which indicated that the addition of iron to the anaerobic reactor can effectively maintain the environment. On the other hand, the analysis of microbial communities in the sludge using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method showed that the methanogens in the R1 was more than R2, while the acidogens was less than R2 which also proves the above conclude. The built-in ZVI-UASB process has better capacity and could effectively inhibit the acidification with parameter changes of different hydraulic remain time and reflux ratio.
引文
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