地下工程动水注浆过程中浆液扩散与封堵机理研究及应用
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摘要
随着国民经济的发展,当前中国地下工程建设进入了一个新的阶段。煤炭及钢铁等旺盛需求促使矿山建设及开采向深部不断延伸,预计未来15年内我国很多煤矿将进入1500-2000m的深度,同时我国一些金属矿也相继进入深部开采,采深达1000m左右,伴随矿山的大深度开采,高压涌突水危害日渐严重,对矿山安全生产造成重大威胁。隧道建设方面,西部大开发促使高速公路和铁路建设重心逐步向西部转移,西部处于我国地质阶梯的过渡地带,山系发育,多呈现岩溶地貌,地质构造极为复杂,给隧道建设带来了巨大挑战,其中涌突水问题是隧道建设中主要的地质灾害。
地下工程水害形式多样,对地下工程施工造成的危害较大,进行区域含水构造及水源的有效探测,开展注浆理论的研究,特别是动水条件下的浆液扩散和封堵机理研究,并发展相对应的涌水封堵技术,是地下工程水害治理的重要组成部分。目前国内外针对浆液在静水或无水环境下的运移扩散规律取得了一系列的研究成果,促进了裂隙注浆理论的发展。但理论研究远远落后于技术经验,没有建立符合实际的数学模型,更没有考虑裂隙动水流场对浆液扩散的影响,计算结论也与试验规律差别甚大,随着地下工程突涌水灾害的日趋严重和复杂,急需开展动水注浆扩散及封堵理论的研究。
因此本文从涌突水的地质分类、水源及导水通道探测、动水注浆模型试验台研发、不同类型浆液的裂隙动水扩散机制和封堵机理研究、动水注浆新技术及其工程应用等几方面进行了研究与探讨,得出了部分有实用价值的结论。
(1)从地质角度对地下工程涌突水进行类型划分。针对实际地下工程中最常见的平面涌突水裂隙进行研究,根据导水通道对地下工程涌突水类型进行划分,将地下工程水害划分为构造型涌突水、揭露型涌突水及接触带型涌突水等三个大类,并进一步划分为10种亚类,详细研究了不同涌突水类型的特点。
(2)基于地球物理探测理论和探测技术的研究,综合利用地震波法、地质雷达和瞬变电磁等物探方法,发挥不同方法优势,取长补短,实现区域水源赋存状态和导水通道的准确探查。通过现场试验和地震波双相介质反射理论研究,提出了地震波法探测和定位大型地下含水体的方法,使水源探测成为可能。同时对电磁波的反射规律进行了研究,提出了雷达信号对含水裂隙的反应特征及判识准则,实现了导水裂隙探测。研究成果实现了水源和导水通道的探查及定位,为涌突水封堵治理奠定了基础。
(3)研发了国内外第一台可视化大比例准三维裂隙动水注浆物理模型试验台,能够控制不同的流场条件,实现不同注浆参数的浆液动水扩散和留存封堵模拟。研发了光纤光栅流速传感器,其精度高尺寸小,能够适应复杂的环境,实现了微裂隙动水流场参数的实时监测记录,为动水注浆理论研究奠定了基础。
(4)对不同浆液在准三维平面裂隙中的动水注浆扩散规律进行了研究,首次提出浆液的U形扩散规律,得出了浆液动水扩散公式。并提出了用浆液扩散开度L和逆水扩散距离N描述浆液扩散范围的方法。
(5)通过模型试验的方法,针对水泥浆液的扩散和封堵进行了深入研究,首次提出了水泥浆液的分区分层扩散机理,并研究了不同注浆参数与浆液的扩散开度L和逆水扩散半径N的关系。发现了水泥浆液的快速析水沉积现象,并分析了裂隙动水对浆液水分的运移袭夺作用机理,揭示了浆液的快速析水分层原理和沉积留存机理。提出了沉积留核的概念,用沉积留核描述水泥浆液的有效封堵区,得到了留核扩散参数Lo和N0与浆水比ζ的关系,得出水泥浆液形成有效沉积扩散所对应的浆水比ζ取值范围为ζ∈[0.15,1.5]。结合水泥浆液的扩散和留存封堵机理,提出了水泥浆液的动水封堵注浆施工技术,并在室内试验和现场试验中得到了验证。
(6)通过注浆模型试验和理论推导,以化学浆液和抗分散浆液为代表,分别研究了两种浆液类型所对应的不同的扩散和封堵机制。提出了抗分散浆液的驱替扩散机制和驱替留存封堵机理,引入了驱替扩散状态判断值(Dp值),并找到了Dp值的临界范围,即当Dp≥36时,浆液发生驱替扩散。找出影响浆液留存的主要因素,并研发新型水泥基抗分散注浆材料,实现了浆液的驱替扩散和有效留存,提出了相应的动水封堵技术。同时也发现了化学浆液所特有的同化运移扩散机制,并且提出了基于蚁群效应和浆液时变留存性质的裂隙动水封堵机制,提出了裂隙涌突水注浆治理五大原则和化学浆液的注浆控制方法。
(7)在龙固煤矿进行了现场试验,采用关键孔注浆堵水技术,通过地质分析,水源探测指导了钻孔设计,用多因素层次分析法对钻孔进行了质量评价,并且优选出关键孔,以浆水比ζ为核心调控因素,进行注浆设计,最终通过信息化施工,成功封堵涌水,取得了经济效益,并验证了研究结论,具有一定的理论意义和工程推广价值。
With the growth of national economy, the current underground works in China has entered a new stage. Strong demand for coal and steel promotes the extension of construction and exploitation of mines. It is estimated that in the next 15 years many coal mines in our country will reach to the depth of 1500-2000 m. At the same time, some metal mines turn to deep mining, with the depth about 1000m. With the deep exploration of mines, the greatly hazard, namely, the gushing water pressure are more likely to occur, which results in dire threats on the safety production. In respect of the tunnel construction, due to the westward expansion, China will be shifting the center of highway and railway construction to the western region. The west is in the geological transition zone of China. In the transition zone, the Karst landform is very common and the geological structure is very complex, which leads to the great challenges in the tunnel construction, one of which is the water fathering.
The underground water disasters, with diverse forms, are harmful for the underground constructions. The control of underground water disaster can be approached in many ways, i.e., detections of the water structure in the water fathering region and the water source, analysis on the grouting theory, mechanics of slurry diffusion and seal under hydrodynamic conditions, developing the sealing techniques, etc. At present series of achievements on the slurry diffusion under hydrostatic or anhydrous conditions has been obtained by scholars both at home and abroad, which greatly promotes the fracture grouting theory. While, theory falls far behind experience, with no mathematical model being in line with realistic and the diffusion effect on the slurry being not taken into consideration. As the underground water disaster becoming increasingly serious, analysis on the theory of slurry diffusion and seal need to be carried out urgently.
In this work, diverse research tools are utilized, such as the geological classification, detection of water source and water channel, model test on hydrodynamic grouting, mechanics of slurry diffusion and seal for different types of grouts, new techniques for hydrodynamic conditions and its application, etc. Some useful conclusions have been obtained.
(1) Grounded in the analysis of slurry diffusion and seal in fracture, from the geological perspective, the underground water fathering is divided and the most common practical plane of cracks and water gushing is analyzed. According to the types of water channel, the underground water disaster is divided into three major classes, namely, structural water fathering, exposing water fathering and contacting water fathering. Further, it is divided into ten subclass and their own characteristics are discussed in detail.
(2) Based on the theory and techniques of geophysical detection, multi-purpose use of seismic wave, radar and transient electromagnetic exploration, the occurrence of water source and water channel are detected accurately. By the field test and the Seismic wave bi-phase medium reflection theory, the methods to detect and locate seismic large body of underground water ways are proposed. Besides, the Electromagnetic wave reflection rule is analyzed, radar signal response characteristics of the aquifer and the fracture criteria for sub-consciousness are proposed. Combining with the field test, the detection of water fractures are realized. Based on the achievements, detection and locate seismic large body of underground water are realized, which provides conditions for controlling the water fathering.
(3) Develop a visual large-proportion quasi-three-dimensional test system for the physical model of fracture-grouting in flowing water; this system is the first set of its kind both at home and abroad. Develop the flow sensor which based on Fiber-Bragg-Grating. In addition to its high accuracy, the test system is also able to adapt to the complex environment, achieves the real-time monitoring and recording of the parameters of micro-fractures in dynamic flow field. The system can be used in the research of model of fracture-grouting in flowing water; it also lays the theoretical foundation for the research of grouting in flowing water.
(4) Research the diffusion patterns of different slurries on the quasi-three-dimensional plane fracture in flowing water. Propose the U-shape diffusion pattern of grouting in flowing water for the first time; conclude the diffusion equation of flowing-water grouting. Propose the method of describing the extent of slurry spread with the diffusion degree of slurry (L) and the diffusion distance against the current (N).
(5) The diffusion and sealing of cement grout are studied deeply through model test method. Partition layered diffusion mechanism of cement grout are first proposed, and the relationship between different grouting parameters and grout diffusion opening and diffusion radius against the current of the grout are studied. Fast water separating and deposition phenomenon of cement grout are detected in dynamic grouting. The transport capture function mechanisms of fissure dynamic water to slurry water are analyzed. Fast water separating layered principle and sedimentary retained mechanism are revealed. The concept of sediments core are put forward, by which effective containment area are represented, and the relationship between ediments core diffusion parameter LO, NO and grout-water ratio C are obtained. When cement grout form an effective sedimentary diffusion, the range of corresponding grout-water ratioξis [0.15,1.5]. Combined with diffusion and retained sealing mechanism of cement grout, dynamic sealing grouting construction technology is proposed, and it is verified by laboratory experiments and field tests.
(6) Through grouting model tests and theoretical analysis, choosing the chemical slurry and the anti-dispersion slurry as representatives, the different types of diffusing and blocking mechanism of two kinds of slurry have been researched respectively. The tests propose the anti-proliferation mechanism and dispersion-displacement-block-retention mechanism of the anti-dispersion slurry. Introducing the determining value of the displacement-diffusion state, and find the critical range of Dp values, that is, when Dp≥36, the diffusion-displacement of slurry occurs. The main factor which affects the retention of the slurry has been found. A new kind of cement-based anti-dispersion slurry has been developed. Achieving the displacement-diffusion and effective retention of slurry; developing the corresponding sealing technology for the flowing water environment. At the same time, the peculiar assimilation-transport-diffusion mechanism of chemical slurry has been found; and proposes the fracture sealing mechanism which applies to the flowing water condition. This fracture sealing mechanism is based on the ant-group effect and time-varying retention property of the slurry. In the course of sealing fracture gush with slurry, five principles of significant importance have been proposed. The control method of chemical grouting has also been presented.
(7) In the Longgu coal mine field test. with the help of key hole injection grouting technology, we adjusted the design of drill hole by geological analyzing and water source detecting. By using multi-level analysis of factors method, we evaluated the quality of drilling and selected optimized key hole. Choose the slurry-water ratioξas the key control factor in the design of injection grouting, seal the water inflow successfully through the informationization construction. This test made economic effectiveness.verified the research conclusions, and also has some theoretical significance of the project spread value.
地下工程水害形式多样,对地下工程施工造成的危害较大,进行区域含水构造及水源的有效探测,开展注浆理论的研究,特别是动水条件下的浆液扩散和封堵机理研究,并发展相对应的涌水封堵技术,是地下工程水害治理的重要组成部分。目前国内外针对浆液在静水或无水环境下的运移扩散规律取得了一系列的研究成果,促进了裂隙注浆理论的发展。但理论研究远远落后于技术经验,没有建立符合实际的数学模型,更没有考虑裂隙动水流场对浆液扩散的影响,计算结论也与试验规律差别甚大,随着地下工程突涌水灾害的日趋严重和复杂,急需开展动水注浆扩散及封堵理论的研究。
因此本文从涌突水的地质分类、水源及导水通道探测、动水注浆模型试验台研发、不同类型浆液的裂隙动水扩散机制和封堵机理研究、动水注浆新技术及其工程应用等几方面进行了研究与探讨,得出了部分有实用价值的结论。
(1)从地质角度对地下工程涌突水进行类型划分。针对实际地下工程中最常见的平面涌突水裂隙进行研究,根据导水通道对地下工程涌突水类型进行划分,将地下工程水害划分为构造型涌突水、揭露型涌突水及接触带型涌突水等三个大类,并进一步划分为10种亚类,详细研究了不同涌突水类型的特点。
(2)基于地球物理探测理论和探测技术的研究,综合利用地震波法、地质雷达和瞬变电磁等物探方法,发挥不同方法优势,取长补短,实现区域水源赋存状态和导水通道的准确探查。通过现场试验和地震波双相介质反射理论研究,提出了地震波法探测和定位大型地下含水体的方法,使水源探测成为可能。同时对电磁波的反射规律进行了研究,提出了雷达信号对含水裂隙的反应特征及判识准则,实现了导水裂隙探测。研究成果实现了水源和导水通道的探查及定位,为涌突水封堵治理奠定了基础。
(3)研发了国内外第一台可视化大比例准三维裂隙动水注浆物理模型试验台,能够控制不同的流场条件,实现不同注浆参数的浆液动水扩散和留存封堵模拟。研发了光纤光栅流速传感器,其精度高尺寸小,能够适应复杂的环境,实现了微裂隙动水流场参数的实时监测记录,为动水注浆理论研究奠定了基础。
(4)对不同浆液在准三维平面裂隙中的动水注浆扩散规律进行了研究,首次提出浆液的U形扩散规律,得出了浆液动水扩散公式。并提出了用浆液扩散开度L和逆水扩散距离N描述浆液扩散范围的方法。
(5)通过模型试验的方法,针对水泥浆液的扩散和封堵进行了深入研究,首次提出了水泥浆液的分区分层扩散机理,并研究了不同注浆参数与浆液的扩散开度L和逆水扩散半径N的关系。发现了水泥浆液的快速析水沉积现象,并分析了裂隙动水对浆液水分的运移袭夺作用机理,揭示了浆液的快速析水分层原理和沉积留存机理。提出了沉积留核的概念,用沉积留核描述水泥浆液的有效封堵区,得到了留核扩散参数Lo和N0与浆水比ζ的关系,得出水泥浆液形成有效沉积扩散所对应的浆水比ζ取值范围为ζ∈[0.15,1.5]。结合水泥浆液的扩散和留存封堵机理,提出了水泥浆液的动水封堵注浆施工技术,并在室内试验和现场试验中得到了验证。
(6)通过注浆模型试验和理论推导,以化学浆液和抗分散浆液为代表,分别研究了两种浆液类型所对应的不同的扩散和封堵机制。提出了抗分散浆液的驱替扩散机制和驱替留存封堵机理,引入了驱替扩散状态判断值(Dp值),并找到了Dp值的临界范围,即当Dp≥36时,浆液发生驱替扩散。找出影响浆液留存的主要因素,并研发新型水泥基抗分散注浆材料,实现了浆液的驱替扩散和有效留存,提出了相应的动水封堵技术。同时也发现了化学浆液所特有的同化运移扩散机制,并且提出了基于蚁群效应和浆液时变留存性质的裂隙动水封堵机制,提出了裂隙涌突水注浆治理五大原则和化学浆液的注浆控制方法。
(7)在龙固煤矿进行了现场试验,采用关键孔注浆堵水技术,通过地质分析,水源探测指导了钻孔设计,用多因素层次分析法对钻孔进行了质量评价,并且优选出关键孔,以浆水比ζ为核心调控因素,进行注浆设计,最终通过信息化施工,成功封堵涌水,取得了经济效益,并验证了研究结论,具有一定的理论意义和工程推广价值。
With the growth of national economy, the current underground works in China has entered a new stage. Strong demand for coal and steel promotes the extension of construction and exploitation of mines. It is estimated that in the next 15 years many coal mines in our country will reach to the depth of 1500-2000 m. At the same time, some metal mines turn to deep mining, with the depth about 1000m. With the deep exploration of mines, the greatly hazard, namely, the gushing water pressure are more likely to occur, which results in dire threats on the safety production. In respect of the tunnel construction, due to the westward expansion, China will be shifting the center of highway and railway construction to the western region. The west is in the geological transition zone of China. In the transition zone, the Karst landform is very common and the geological structure is very complex, which leads to the great challenges in the tunnel construction, one of which is the water fathering.
The underground water disasters, with diverse forms, are harmful for the underground constructions. The control of underground water disaster can be approached in many ways, i.e., detections of the water structure in the water fathering region and the water source, analysis on the grouting theory, mechanics of slurry diffusion and seal under hydrodynamic conditions, developing the sealing techniques, etc. At present series of achievements on the slurry diffusion under hydrostatic or anhydrous conditions has been obtained by scholars both at home and abroad, which greatly promotes the fracture grouting theory. While, theory falls far behind experience, with no mathematical model being in line with realistic and the diffusion effect on the slurry being not taken into consideration. As the underground water disaster becoming increasingly serious, analysis on the theory of slurry diffusion and seal need to be carried out urgently.
In this work, diverse research tools are utilized, such as the geological classification, detection of water source and water channel, model test on hydrodynamic grouting, mechanics of slurry diffusion and seal for different types of grouts, new techniques for hydrodynamic conditions and its application, etc. Some useful conclusions have been obtained.
(1) Grounded in the analysis of slurry diffusion and seal in fracture, from the geological perspective, the underground water fathering is divided and the most common practical plane of cracks and water gushing is analyzed. According to the types of water channel, the underground water disaster is divided into three major classes, namely, structural water fathering, exposing water fathering and contacting water fathering. Further, it is divided into ten subclass and their own characteristics are discussed in detail.
(2) Based on the theory and techniques of geophysical detection, multi-purpose use of seismic wave, radar and transient electromagnetic exploration, the occurrence of water source and water channel are detected accurately. By the field test and the Seismic wave bi-phase medium reflection theory, the methods to detect and locate seismic large body of underground water ways are proposed. Besides, the Electromagnetic wave reflection rule is analyzed, radar signal response characteristics of the aquifer and the fracture criteria for sub-consciousness are proposed. Combining with the field test, the detection of water fractures are realized. Based on the achievements, detection and locate seismic large body of underground water are realized, which provides conditions for controlling the water fathering.
(3) Develop a visual large-proportion quasi-three-dimensional test system for the physical model of fracture-grouting in flowing water; this system is the first set of its kind both at home and abroad. Develop the flow sensor which based on Fiber-Bragg-Grating. In addition to its high accuracy, the test system is also able to adapt to the complex environment, achieves the real-time monitoring and recording of the parameters of micro-fractures in dynamic flow field. The system can be used in the research of model of fracture-grouting in flowing water; it also lays the theoretical foundation for the research of grouting in flowing water.
(4) Research the diffusion patterns of different slurries on the quasi-three-dimensional plane fracture in flowing water. Propose the U-shape diffusion pattern of grouting in flowing water for the first time; conclude the diffusion equation of flowing-water grouting. Propose the method of describing the extent of slurry spread with the diffusion degree of slurry (L) and the diffusion distance against the current (N).
(5) The diffusion and sealing of cement grout are studied deeply through model test method. Partition layered diffusion mechanism of cement grout are first proposed, and the relationship between different grouting parameters and grout diffusion opening and diffusion radius against the current of the grout are studied. Fast water separating and deposition phenomenon of cement grout are detected in dynamic grouting. The transport capture function mechanisms of fissure dynamic water to slurry water are analyzed. Fast water separating layered principle and sedimentary retained mechanism are revealed. The concept of sediments core are put forward, by which effective containment area are represented, and the relationship between ediments core diffusion parameter LO, NO and grout-water ratio C are obtained. When cement grout form an effective sedimentary diffusion, the range of corresponding grout-water ratioξis [0.15,1.5]. Combined with diffusion and retained sealing mechanism of cement grout, dynamic sealing grouting construction technology is proposed, and it is verified by laboratory experiments and field tests.
(6) Through grouting model tests and theoretical analysis, choosing the chemical slurry and the anti-dispersion slurry as representatives, the different types of diffusing and blocking mechanism of two kinds of slurry have been researched respectively. The tests propose the anti-proliferation mechanism and dispersion-displacement-block-retention mechanism of the anti-dispersion slurry. Introducing the determining value of the displacement-diffusion state, and find the critical range of Dp values, that is, when Dp≥36, the diffusion-displacement of slurry occurs. The main factor which affects the retention of the slurry has been found. A new kind of cement-based anti-dispersion slurry has been developed. Achieving the displacement-diffusion and effective retention of slurry; developing the corresponding sealing technology for the flowing water environment. At the same time, the peculiar assimilation-transport-diffusion mechanism of chemical slurry has been found; and proposes the fracture sealing mechanism which applies to the flowing water condition. This fracture sealing mechanism is based on the ant-group effect and time-varying retention property of the slurry. In the course of sealing fracture gush with slurry, five principles of significant importance have been proposed. The control method of chemical grouting has also been presented.
(7) In the Longgu coal mine field test. with the help of key hole injection grouting technology, we adjusted the design of drill hole by geological analyzing and water source detecting. By using multi-level analysis of factors method, we evaluated the quality of drilling and selected optimized key hole. Choose the slurry-water ratioξas the key control factor in the design of injection grouting, seal the water inflow successfully through the informationization construction. This test made economic effectiveness.verified the research conclusions, and also has some theoretical significance of the project spread value.
引文
[2]李利平.高风险岩溶隧道突水灾变演化机理及其应用研究[D].山东大学博士学位毕业论文.
[3]张霄,李术才,张庆松等.T S P信号采集质量影响因素的现场试验研究[J].山东大学学报,2009,39(4)： 25-29
[4]詹正彬,姚姚.多波及横波地震勘探[M].北京：地质出版社,1994
[5]Dohr,G.P. Seismic shear wave A. theory. London:Geophysical Press,1985
[6]殷八斤,曾灏,杨在岩.AVO技术的理论与实践[M].北京：石油工业出版社,1995,1-64
[7]孙鹏远,孙建国,卢秀丽.P-SV波AVO方法研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(4)：602-607.
[8]李景叶,陈小宏,郝振江,芮振华.多波时移地震AVO反演研究[J].地球物理学报.2005,48(4)：902-908
[9]卢明辉.双相复杂介质中弹性波传播机理研究[M].北京：清华大学,2006
[10]卢明辉,巴晶,杨慧珠.双相介质分界面上弹性波的反射与透射[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(5)：1439-1445
[11]陆基孟.地震勘探原理.东营[M].石油大学出版社,1993
[12]Biot M A. Theory of propagation of elastic waves in a fluid-saturated porous solid:I. Low-frequency range, Ⅱ. Higherfrequency range. J. Acoust. Soc. Am.,1956,28(2):168-191
[13]Biot M A. Mechanics of deformations and acoustic propagationin porous media. Appl. Phys.,1962, 33(4):1482-1498
[14]许建聪,王余富.水下隧道裂隙围岩渗流控制因素敏感性层次分析[J].岩土力学,2009,30(6)：1719-1725.
[15]张霄,李术才,张庆松等.矿井高压裂隙涌水综合治理方法的现场试验[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(8)：1314-1318.
[16]Xiao ZHANG, Shu-cai LI, Qing-song ZHANG et al. Research on Treatment System of High Pressure Water Disaster and its Application in Deep-buried Underground Engineering; International Symposium on Risk Control and Management of Design, Construction and Operation in Underground Engineering(IRCM2009).2009.10:
[3]张霄,李术才,张庆松等.T S P信号采集质量影响因素的现场试验研究[J].山东大学学报,2009,39(4)： 25-29
[4]詹正彬,姚姚.多波及横波地震勘探[M].北京：地质出版社,1994
[5]Dohr,G.P. Seismic shear wave A. theory. London:Geophysical Press,1985
[6]殷八斤,曾灏,杨在岩.AVO技术的理论与实践[M].北京：石油工业出版社,1995,1-64
[7]孙鹏远,孙建国,卢秀丽.P-SV波AVO方法研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(4)：602-607.
[8]李景叶,陈小宏,郝振江,芮振华.多波时移地震AVO反演研究[J].地球物理学报.2005,48(4)：902-908
[9]卢明辉.双相复杂介质中弹性波传播机理研究[M].北京：清华大学,2006
[10]卢明辉,巴晶,杨慧珠.双相介质分界面上弹性波的反射与透射[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(5)：1439-1445
[11]陆基孟.地震勘探原理.东营[M].石油大学出版社,1993
[12]Biot M A. Theory of propagation of elastic waves in a fluid-saturated porous solid:I. Low-frequency range, Ⅱ. Higherfrequency range. J. Acoust. Soc. Am.,1956,28(2):168-191
[13]Biot M A. Mechanics of deformations and acoustic propagationin porous media. Appl. Phys.,1962, 33(4):1482-1498
[14]许建聪,王余富.水下隧道裂隙围岩渗流控制因素敏感性层次分析[J].岩土力学,2009,30(6)：1719-1725.
[15]张霄,李术才,张庆松等.矿井高压裂隙涌水综合治理方法的现场试验[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(8)：1314-1318.
[16]Xiao ZHANG, Shu-cai LI, Qing-song ZHANG et al. Research on Treatment System of High Pressure Water Disaster and its Application in Deep-buried Underground Engineering; International Symposium on Risk Control and Management of Design, Construction and Operation in Underground Engineering(IRCM2009).2009.10: