耐高温微乳酸的制备及性能研究
|
摘要
本文以十六烷基三甲基氯化铵(CTAC)、柴油、盐酸、乙二醇、丙三醇、邻苯二甲酸氢钾(简称PHP)、溴化钾(KBr)为原料,研制耐高温柴油微乳盐酸新体系。分别考察各体系耐温性能、相行为、耐盐性、缓速反应性能；进一步研究了含部分非水介质微乳盐酸,考察了温度及溶剂对微乳酸热力学函数影响,得到以下结论：
1.以CTAC为主表面活性剂,正丁醇、正辛醇为辅助表面活性剂,分别与邻苯二甲酸氢钾和溴化钾形成耐高温的CTAC/PHP和CTAC/KBr柴油微乳盐酸新体系,耐温可达98℃,优于文献报道结果。明确了相行为影响因素,获得了优化的柴油微乳盐酸体系组成。CTAC/PHP和CTAC/KBr柴油微乳盐酸体系耐氯化钙能力分别达180000mg/L和225000mg/L；对大理石的缓速率分别达80.5%和73.5%；对钢片的缓蚀率最高可达77.8%和69.3%,表现出良好的缓速反应性能。
2.以CTAC为主表面活性剂,正丁醇、正辛醇为辅助表面活性剂,分别与丙三醇和乙二醇形成两种含部分非水介质的柴油微乳盐酸体系,并优化了体系组成。含部分乙二醇微乳盐酸对大理石的缓速率达88.4%,对钢片的缓蚀率达73.7%；含部分丙三醇微乳酸对大理石的缓速率达88%,对钢片的缓蚀率达72.7%。
3.以CTAC为主表面活性剂,正辛醇为助表面活性剂,制备得到柴油微乳盐酸。明确了温度和溶剂对微乳酸热力学函数的影响。
本文研究提高了微乳酸耐温能力,为高温低渗透储层深度开采打下良好基础。
In this paper, the high temperature tolerance microemulsified acids were prepared by using cethyltrimethylammonium-chloride (CTAC), diesel oil, hydrochloric, ethylene glycol, glycerol, potassium biphthalate (PHP) and potassium bromide (KBr). The high temperature tolerance of microemulsified acid systems were studied. The phase behavior, CaCl2 tolerance and control-released reactivity were investigated. In addition, the effects of temperature and solvents on the thermodynamic parameters of microemulsified hydrochloric acid were investigated. The main conclusions were as follows:
1. The CTAC/PHP and CTAC/KBr diesel microemulsified hydrochloric acids which showed good stability at 98℃were obtained by using CTAC as main surfactant, n-butanol and n-octanol as cosurfactant. The factors affecting the phase behavior were confirmed and the optimized diesel microemulsified hydrochloric acid systems were obtained. The CaCl2 tolerance of CTAC/PHP and CTAC/KBr microemulsified acids reached 180000mg/L and 225000mg/L, respectively. The steel corrosion inhibition rates of the CTAC/PHP and CTAC/KBr microemulsified acids were 77.8% and 69.3%, and the marble corrosion inhibition rates were 80.5% and 73.5%.
2. The microemulsified hydrochloric acids containing ethylene glycol or glycerol were investigated by using cethyltrimethylammonium-chloride (CTAC) as main surfactant, n-butanol and n-octanol as cosurfactant. The steel corrosion inhibition rate and the marble corrosion inhibition rate of the microemulsified acid containing ethylene glycol were 73.7% and 88.4%, respectively. The steel corrosion inhibition rate and the marble corrosion inhibition rate of the microemulsified acid containing glycerol were 72.7% and 88%, respectively.
3. The diesel microemulsified hydrochloric acid was obtained by using cethyltrimethyla-mmonium-chloride(CTAC) as main surfactant and n-octanol as cosurfactant. The effects of temperature and solvents on the thermodynamic parameters of microemulsified hydrochloric acid were studied.
The study of this paper improved the temperature tolerance of microemulsified acid and provided basis for the application of microemulsified hydrochloric acid in the field of deeply acidification for low penetrability oil field.
1.以CTAC为主表面活性剂,正丁醇、正辛醇为辅助表面活性剂,分别与邻苯二甲酸氢钾和溴化钾形成耐高温的CTAC/PHP和CTAC/KBr柴油微乳盐酸新体系,耐温可达98℃,优于文献报道结果。明确了相行为影响因素,获得了优化的柴油微乳盐酸体系组成。CTAC/PHP和CTAC/KBr柴油微乳盐酸体系耐氯化钙能力分别达180000mg/L和225000mg/L；对大理石的缓速率分别达80.5%和73.5%；对钢片的缓蚀率最高可达77.8%和69.3%,表现出良好的缓速反应性能。
2.以CTAC为主表面活性剂,正丁醇、正辛醇为辅助表面活性剂,分别与丙三醇和乙二醇形成两种含部分非水介质的柴油微乳盐酸体系,并优化了体系组成。含部分乙二醇微乳盐酸对大理石的缓速率达88.4%,对钢片的缓蚀率达73.7%；含部分丙三醇微乳酸对大理石的缓速率达88%,对钢片的缓蚀率达72.7%。
3.以CTAC为主表面活性剂,正辛醇为助表面活性剂,制备得到柴油微乳盐酸。明确了温度和溶剂对微乳酸热力学函数的影响。
本文研究提高了微乳酸耐温能力,为高温低渗透储层深度开采打下良好基础。
In this paper, the high temperature tolerance microemulsified acids were prepared by using cethyltrimethylammonium-chloride (CTAC), diesel oil, hydrochloric, ethylene glycol, glycerol, potassium biphthalate (PHP) and potassium bromide (KBr). The high temperature tolerance of microemulsified acid systems were studied. The phase behavior, CaCl2 tolerance and control-released reactivity were investigated. In addition, the effects of temperature and solvents on the thermodynamic parameters of microemulsified hydrochloric acid were investigated. The main conclusions were as follows:
1. The CTAC/PHP and CTAC/KBr diesel microemulsified hydrochloric acids which showed good stability at 98℃were obtained by using CTAC as main surfactant, n-butanol and n-octanol as cosurfactant. The factors affecting the phase behavior were confirmed and the optimized diesel microemulsified hydrochloric acid systems were obtained. The CaCl2 tolerance of CTAC/PHP and CTAC/KBr microemulsified acids reached 180000mg/L and 225000mg/L, respectively. The steel corrosion inhibition rates of the CTAC/PHP and CTAC/KBr microemulsified acids were 77.8% and 69.3%, and the marble corrosion inhibition rates were 80.5% and 73.5%.
2. The microemulsified hydrochloric acids containing ethylene glycol or glycerol were investigated by using cethyltrimethylammonium-chloride (CTAC) as main surfactant, n-butanol and n-octanol as cosurfactant. The steel corrosion inhibition rate and the marble corrosion inhibition rate of the microemulsified acid containing ethylene glycol were 73.7% and 88.4%, respectively. The steel corrosion inhibition rate and the marble corrosion inhibition rate of the microemulsified acid containing glycerol were 72.7% and 88%, respectively.
3. The diesel microemulsified hydrochloric acid was obtained by using cethyltrimethyla-mmonium-chloride(CTAC) as main surfactant and n-octanol as cosurfactant. The effects of temperature and solvents on the thermodynamic parameters of microemulsified hydrochloric acid were studied.
The study of this paper improved the temperature tolerance of microemulsified acid and provided basis for the application of microemulsified hydrochloric acid in the field of deeply acidification for low penetrability oil field.
引文
[1]石永忠.乳化酸配方及其工艺技术的研究与应用[J].石油与天然气化工.1996,25(4)：222-226
[2]陈庚良,黄瑛.酸化工作液的缓速作用的理论与实践[J].钻井液与完井液.2004,21(1)： 50-54
[3]陈庚良,黄瑛. 硅质地层土酸酸化工艺的理论与实践[J].油田化学.2002,19(4)：374-378
[4]王奕,张熙,代华,等.新型增稠酸的配方及性能研究[J].天然气工艺.2007,27(5)：85-87
[5]李宾飞,李兆敏,徐永辉,等.泡沫酸酸化技术及其在气井酸化中的应用[J].天然气工业.2006,26(12)：130-131
[6]Shameen S, Hisham A, Naser D, et al. Wormhole initiation and propagation of emulsified acid in carbonate cores using computerized tomography[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering.2006,54(3):93-111
[7]关富佳,姚光庆,向蓉.乳化酸的优越性能及油层酸化应用研究[J].新疆石油学报.2003,15(2)：50-52
[8]Ignac Capek. Degradation of kinetically-stable o/w emulsions[J]. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science.2004,107(3):125-155
[9]乔立杰,方波,王芳,等.微乳土酸的制备及性能研究[J].高校化学工程学报.2009,23(4)：684-689
[10]Zhang yu, Wang Fang, Chen Yandong, Fang Bo, et al. Preparation and properties of diesel oil microemulsified Acid[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering.2008,16(2): 287-291
[11]徐正园,邵佳媛.含Gemini表面活性剂微乳混酸的制备及缓释研究[J].化学世界.2010,2：68-72
[12]王芳,张赛玉,乔立杰,等.含Genini表面活性剂微乳酸的制备及性能研究[J].石油与天然气化工.2008,37(4)：328-332
[13]王宝峰.国内外酸化产品及添加剂介绍[J].钻井液与完井液.1997,14(6)：32-38
[14]陈庚良,黄瑛.酸化工作液缓速作用的理论与实践[J].钻井液与完井液.2004,21(1)：50-53
[15]陈庚良.硅质地层土酸酸化的理论与实践[J].油田化学.2002,19(4)：374-378
[16]赫安乐.VY-101酸液稠化剂及稠化酸的研究[J].油田化学.1996,13(4)：303-308
[17]方娅.油气井酸化工作液增稠剂[J].钻井工艺.1993,16(3)：69-74
[18]Behenna R R. Acid diversion from an undamaged to a damaged core using multiple foram slugs[C]. SPE EastTexas Regional Meeting.1985,21:40-50
[19]关富佳,姚光庆,刘建民.泡沫酸性能影响因素及其应用[J].西南石油学报.2004,26(1)：65-67
[20]唐永凡.酸化胶束剂CT5-5和CT5-6研制与应用[J].石油与天然气化工.1995,24(3)
[21]王旭,尹玉川.表面活性剂缓速酸酸压实践[J].钻采工艺.2004,27(5)：40
[22]郑勇,曹敏,王超华,等.一种新型缓速酸及其在文南海田增住中的应用[J].油田化学.2001,18(3)：207
[23]张天胜.表面活性剂应用技术[M].北京：化学工艺出版社.2001
[24]季川疆,袁飞,谭芳.乳化酸酸压技术在塔河油田的应用[J].新疆石油学院学报.2004,16(3)：57
[25]李春杰,段吉国,尹仲英,等.酸化含水油井的油外相乳化酸的研制和应用[J].大庆石油学院学报.2000,24(3)：37
[26]陈大均,陈馥,李健波,等.油气田应用化学[M].北京：石油工业出版社.2006
[27]冯英,陈建波,张太亮,等.乳化酸配方室内研究[J].钻采工艺.2004,27(6)：71-83
[28]邵庆辉,古国榜,章莉娟,等.微乳液系统的研究和应用现状与展望[J].江苏化工.2002,30(1)：18-20
[29]Prince L M. Microemulsion Theory and Practice[M]. Academic Press.1977
[30]崔正刚,殷福珊.微乳化技术及应用[M].北京：中国轻工艺出版社.1999
[31]Kumar S, Singh H N. Effect of chain length of alkenes on water-in-oil microemulsions. Journal of Surface Science and Technolgoy.1986(2):85-91
[32]Bisal S R, Bhattacharya P K, Moulick S P. Surfactant-influenced phase behaviors and physicochemical properties of microemulsions. Journal of Surface Science and Technology, 1988(4):121-138
[33]Abuin E B, Rubio M A, Lissi E A. Solubility in water in water-in-oil microemulsions stabilized by cetyltrimethylammmonium:effects of the surfactant counterion, the nature and composition of the oil, and the salinity of the droplets. Journaol of Colloid and Interface Science.1993,158:129-132
[34]Bansal V K, Shah D O, O'Connell J P. Influence of alkyl chain length compatibiltiy on microemulsion structure and solubility. Journaol of Colloid and Interface Science,1980,75: 462-475
[35]Lang J, Rueff R, Dingh-Cao M, et al. Influence of alkyl chain length compatibility on microemulsion structure and solubility. Journaol of Colloid and Interface Science.1980,75: 462-475
[36]Bisal S, Bhattacharya P K, Moulik. Conductivity study of microemulsions:dependence of structural behavior of water/oil systems on surfactant, cosurfactant, oil and temperature. Journal of Physical Chemistry.1990,94:350-355
[37]Zana R. Ionization of cationic micelles:effect of the detergent structure. Journal Colloid Interface and Science.1980,78:330-337
[38]Yao J, Romsted L S. New probes of the interfacial compositions of association colloids. Journal of the American Chemistry Society.1994,116:11779-11786
[39]Kumar S H N. Influence of alkyl chain branching of co surfactant on the water solubility capacity of a water-in-oil microemulsion. Colloid Surface.1990,44,17-27
[40]Bansal V K, Chinnaswamy K, Ramachandran C, et al. Structural aspects of micro emulsions using dielectic relaxation and spin label techniques. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science.1979,72:524-537
[41]Chen S H, Rouch J, Sciortino F, et al. Static and dynamic properties of water-in-oil microemulsions near the critical and percilation points. A review Journal of Physical: Condens Matter.1994,6:10855-10883
[42]Eastoe J, Sharpe P K, Bending elasticities of di-chained surfactant films in microemulsions[J]. Progr Colloid Polym Sci.1997,105:340:345
[43]吴卫泽(译).二氧化碳包水的微乳液可作为包括蛋白质的亲水物的溶体(英)[J].日用化学品科学.1998,9(1)： 5-7
[44]沈玉华,谢安建,张群.反胶团或微乳液萃取蛋白质的研究[J].安庆师范学院学报.1999,5(3)：31-33
[45]周世琦,郭祀远.反胶束萃取蛋白质中静电相互作用能的研究[J].化学物理学报.1997,10(5)：466-469
[46]Von C, Chistian A. Triglyceride-based microemulsion for introbenous admistration of sparingly soluble substances [J]. Pharm Sci.1998,87(2):200-208
[47]K-H Dietl for the European Renal Transplantation Study Group. Oral dosing of tacrolimus and cyslosporine microemulsion-results from a large multicenter study in renal transplantation [J]. Transplantation Proceedings.2002,34(5):1659-1660
[48]Tadros T F. Surfactants in Agrochemicals [M]. Marcel Deker.1994
[49]Nokaly M, Cormell D. Microemlsion and Emulsion in Foods [M]. Addison Wesley.1991
[50]刘程,江小娟,李宝珍,等.表面活性剂应用大全[M].北京：北京工业大学出版社.1992
[51]徐良.防晒化妆品配方技术与市场发展[J].日用化学品科学.1999,10(8)：111-116
[52]Schulz U, Warnke K. Transpatent cosmetic microemulsion-based formulation containing an alpha-hydrocxy-carboxylic acid [P]. US:007172440.2007
[53]Schambil F, Schwuger M. Correlation between the phase behavior of ternary systems and removal of oil in the washing process [J]. Collid Polym Sci.1987,265(7):1109-1114
[54]Araujo K, Gezstesi J. Cosmetic microemulsion [P]. US:2007166265.2007
[55]Derert M, Pilzner A. Hair styling compostion in the form of a microemulsion [P]. EP: 1800648.2007
[56]刑英站(译).微乳作为清洗介质的应用(英)[J].日用化学品科学.1998,9(2)：4-10
[57]Jacques L, Giuseppe, Mascolo, Raoulzana. Structure and dynamics of cetyltrim ethylammonium bromide water-in-oil microemulsion [J]. Colloids and Surfaces.1989,38(1): 251-261
[58]Zhi J Y, Nai F Z. Ronald D N. The role of water in the formation of reversed micelles: An antimecellization agent [J]. Langmuir.1992,8(1):185-188
[59]Schwuger M J, Stickdorm K. Low-temperature microemulsions for the in situ extraction of contaminants from soil [J]. Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects.1998,141(2):217-225
[60]Alexandre de Jesus, Marcia M Silva, Maris G R. The use of microemulsion for determination of sodium and potassium in biodiesel by flame atomic absorption spectrometry [J]. Talanta.2008,74(5):1378-1384
[61]Boutonnet M, Kizling J, Stenins P, et al. Reverse microemlsion systhesis of nanostructure [J]. Colloids and Surfaces.1982,57(5):209-213
[62]Palaniraj W R, Sasthav M, Cheung H M. Polymeriration of single-phase microemlsions: Dependence of polymer morphology on microemulsion structure [J]. Polymer.1995,36(13): 2637-2638
[63]Kishida M. Preparation method for supported metal catalysts using w/o microemulsion: Study on immobilization conditions of metal particles by hydrolysis of alkoxide [J]. Catalysis Today.1998,45(4):203-208
[64]Magali B, Sara L, Erik E S. Recent developments in the application of nanoparticles prepared from W/O microemulsions in heterogeneous catalysis [J]. Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science.2008,13(4):263-269
[65]Chen B H, Chen K, Hou M L, et al. Synthesis of calcium phosphates and porous hydroxyapatite beads prepared by emulsion method [J]. Materials Chemistry and Physics.2008,113(1):365-371
[66]Tereza Neuma de Castro Dantas, Afonso Avelino Dantas Neto. Microemulsion systems applied to breakdown petroleum emulsions [J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering.2001,32(3):145-149
[67]Zhi J Y, Ronald D N. Giant bodlike reversed micelles formed by sodium bis (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate in n-Heptane [J]. Langmuir.1994,10(7):2553-2558
[68]甘孟瑜,葛芳芳.微乳液技术研究进展及其在涂料中的应用[J].涂料工业.2007,37(2)：51-54
[69]陈秀林.纺织上改性氨基硅油的合成及乳化[J].广东化工.2005,32(9)： 48-52
[70]Andreasson Finn, et al. Acidiziing method using microemulsion[J]. US:06/795404
[71]Lysy Regis, Marchal Maurice. Acid microemulsion composition[P]. CN:1107509
[72]Zhang Saiyu, Wang Fang, Chen Yandong, Fang Bo, et al. Preparation and properties of diesel oil microemulsified acid[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering,2008, 16(2):287-291
[73]方波.日用化工工艺学[M].化学工业出版社.2008
[74]卢拥军,方波,房鼎业,等.粘弹性表面活性剂胶束体系及其流变特性[J].油田化学.2003,20(3)：291-294
[75]卢拥军,方波,房鼎业,等.粘弹性胶束压裂液的形成与流变性质[J].油田化学.2003,20(4)：327-330
[76]Ying Zhang, Judith Schmidt, Yeshayahu Talmon, et al. Co-solvent effects on drag reductio, rheological properties and micelle microstructures of cationic surfactants[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science.2005,286:696-709
[77]张为灿,李干佐,冀克俭,等.苯甲醇对CTAB/KBr胶束体系流变性及CTAB分子HNMR谱影响的研究[J1.高等学校化学学报,2000,21(8)：1261-1264
[78]Sudheesh Parathakkatt, Jinu George, Moothandassery Sankarakutty Sajeev, et al. A rheological approach to viscoelastic worm-like micelles of tunable properties[J]. J Surfact Deterg,2009,12:219-224
[79]Abdulaziz Mohammed Al-Hakimi, Yazhuo Shang, Honglai Liu, et al. Salt effect on the aqueous two-phase system of gemini(12-3-12, 2Br-)/SDS/PEG[J]. J Solution Chem, 2009,38:1307-1313
[80]Birdi K S. Microemulsion:Effect of alkyl China length of alcohol and alkane[J]. Colloid and Polymer Science.1982,260(6):628-631
[2]陈庚良,黄瑛.酸化工作液的缓速作用的理论与实践[J].钻井液与完井液.2004,21(1)： 50-54
[3]陈庚良,黄瑛. 硅质地层土酸酸化工艺的理论与实践[J].油田化学.2002,19(4)：374-378
[4]王奕,张熙,代华,等.新型增稠酸的配方及性能研究[J].天然气工艺.2007,27(5)：85-87
[5]李宾飞,李兆敏,徐永辉,等.泡沫酸酸化技术及其在气井酸化中的应用[J].天然气工业.2006,26(12)：130-131
[6]Shameen S, Hisham A, Naser D, et al. Wormhole initiation and propagation of emulsified acid in carbonate cores using computerized tomography[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering.2006,54(3):93-111
[7]关富佳,姚光庆,向蓉.乳化酸的优越性能及油层酸化应用研究[J].新疆石油学报.2003,15(2)：50-52
[8]Ignac Capek. Degradation of kinetically-stable o/w emulsions[J]. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science.2004,107(3):125-155
[9]乔立杰,方波,王芳,等.微乳土酸的制备及性能研究[J].高校化学工程学报.2009,23(4)：684-689
[10]Zhang yu, Wang Fang, Chen Yandong, Fang Bo, et al. Preparation and properties of diesel oil microemulsified Acid[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering.2008,16(2): 287-291
[11]徐正园,邵佳媛.含Gemini表面活性剂微乳混酸的制备及缓释研究[J].化学世界.2010,2：68-72
[12]王芳,张赛玉,乔立杰,等.含Genini表面活性剂微乳酸的制备及性能研究[J].石油与天然气化工.2008,37(4)：328-332
[13]王宝峰.国内外酸化产品及添加剂介绍[J].钻井液与完井液.1997,14(6)：32-38
[14]陈庚良,黄瑛.酸化工作液缓速作用的理论与实践[J].钻井液与完井液.2004,21(1)：50-53
[15]陈庚良.硅质地层土酸酸化的理论与实践[J].油田化学.2002,19(4)：374-378
[16]赫安乐.VY-101酸液稠化剂及稠化酸的研究[J].油田化学.1996,13(4)：303-308
[17]方娅.油气井酸化工作液增稠剂[J].钻井工艺.1993,16(3)：69-74
[18]Behenna R R. Acid diversion from an undamaged to a damaged core using multiple foram slugs[C]. SPE EastTexas Regional Meeting.1985,21:40-50
[19]关富佳,姚光庆,刘建民.泡沫酸性能影响因素及其应用[J].西南石油学报.2004,26(1)：65-67
[20]唐永凡.酸化胶束剂CT5-5和CT5-6研制与应用[J].石油与天然气化工.1995,24(3)
[21]王旭,尹玉川.表面活性剂缓速酸酸压实践[J].钻采工艺.2004,27(5)：40
[22]郑勇,曹敏,王超华,等.一种新型缓速酸及其在文南海田增住中的应用[J].油田化学.2001,18(3)：207
[23]张天胜.表面活性剂应用技术[M].北京：化学工艺出版社.2001
[24]季川疆,袁飞,谭芳.乳化酸酸压技术在塔河油田的应用[J].新疆石油学院学报.2004,16(3)：57
[25]李春杰,段吉国,尹仲英,等.酸化含水油井的油外相乳化酸的研制和应用[J].大庆石油学院学报.2000,24(3)：37
[26]陈大均,陈馥,李健波,等.油气田应用化学[M].北京：石油工业出版社.2006
[27]冯英,陈建波,张太亮,等.乳化酸配方室内研究[J].钻采工艺.2004,27(6)：71-83
[28]邵庆辉,古国榜,章莉娟,等.微乳液系统的研究和应用现状与展望[J].江苏化工.2002,30(1)：18-20
[29]Prince L M. Microemulsion Theory and Practice[M]. Academic Press.1977
[30]崔正刚,殷福珊.微乳化技术及应用[M].北京：中国轻工艺出版社.1999
[31]Kumar S, Singh H N. Effect of chain length of alkenes on water-in-oil microemulsions. Journal of Surface Science and Technolgoy.1986(2):85-91
[32]Bisal S R, Bhattacharya P K, Moulick S P. Surfactant-influenced phase behaviors and physicochemical properties of microemulsions. Journal of Surface Science and Technology, 1988(4):121-138
[33]Abuin E B, Rubio M A, Lissi E A. Solubility in water in water-in-oil microemulsions stabilized by cetyltrimethylammmonium:effects of the surfactant counterion, the nature and composition of the oil, and the salinity of the droplets. Journaol of Colloid and Interface Science.1993,158:129-132
[34]Bansal V K, Shah D O, O'Connell J P. Influence of alkyl chain length compatibiltiy on microemulsion structure and solubility. Journaol of Colloid and Interface Science,1980,75: 462-475
[35]Lang J, Rueff R, Dingh-Cao M, et al. Influence of alkyl chain length compatibility on microemulsion structure and solubility. Journaol of Colloid and Interface Science.1980,75: 462-475
[36]Bisal S, Bhattacharya P K, Moulik. Conductivity study of microemulsions:dependence of structural behavior of water/oil systems on surfactant, cosurfactant, oil and temperature. Journal of Physical Chemistry.1990,94:350-355
[37]Zana R. Ionization of cationic micelles:effect of the detergent structure. Journal Colloid Interface and Science.1980,78:330-337
[38]Yao J, Romsted L S. New probes of the interfacial compositions of association colloids. Journal of the American Chemistry Society.1994,116:11779-11786
[39]Kumar S H N. Influence of alkyl chain branching of co surfactant on the water solubility capacity of a water-in-oil microemulsion. Colloid Surface.1990,44,17-27
[40]Bansal V K, Chinnaswamy K, Ramachandran C, et al. Structural aspects of micro emulsions using dielectic relaxation and spin label techniques. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science.1979,72:524-537
[41]Chen S H, Rouch J, Sciortino F, et al. Static and dynamic properties of water-in-oil microemulsions near the critical and percilation points. A review Journal of Physical: Condens Matter.1994,6:10855-10883
[42]Eastoe J, Sharpe P K, Bending elasticities of di-chained surfactant films in microemulsions[J]. Progr Colloid Polym Sci.1997,105:340:345
[43]吴卫泽(译).二氧化碳包水的微乳液可作为包括蛋白质的亲水物的溶体(英)[J].日用化学品科学.1998,9(1)： 5-7
[44]沈玉华,谢安建,张群.反胶团或微乳液萃取蛋白质的研究[J].安庆师范学院学报.1999,5(3)：31-33
[45]周世琦,郭祀远.反胶束萃取蛋白质中静电相互作用能的研究[J].化学物理学报.1997,10(5)：466-469
[46]Von C, Chistian A. Triglyceride-based microemulsion for introbenous admistration of sparingly soluble substances [J]. Pharm Sci.1998,87(2):200-208
[47]K-H Dietl for the European Renal Transplantation Study Group. Oral dosing of tacrolimus and cyslosporine microemulsion-results from a large multicenter study in renal transplantation [J]. Transplantation Proceedings.2002,34(5):1659-1660
[48]Tadros T F. Surfactants in Agrochemicals [M]. Marcel Deker.1994
[49]Nokaly M, Cormell D. Microemlsion and Emulsion in Foods [M]. Addison Wesley.1991
[50]刘程,江小娟,李宝珍,等.表面活性剂应用大全[M].北京：北京工业大学出版社.1992
[51]徐良.防晒化妆品配方技术与市场发展[J].日用化学品科学.1999,10(8)：111-116
[52]Schulz U, Warnke K. Transpatent cosmetic microemulsion-based formulation containing an alpha-hydrocxy-carboxylic acid [P]. US:007172440.2007
[53]Schambil F, Schwuger M. Correlation between the phase behavior of ternary systems and removal of oil in the washing process [J]. Collid Polym Sci.1987,265(7):1109-1114
[54]Araujo K, Gezstesi J. Cosmetic microemulsion [P]. US:2007166265.2007
[55]Derert M, Pilzner A. Hair styling compostion in the form of a microemulsion [P]. EP: 1800648.2007
[56]刑英站(译).微乳作为清洗介质的应用(英)[J].日用化学品科学.1998,9(2)：4-10
[57]Jacques L, Giuseppe, Mascolo, Raoulzana. Structure and dynamics of cetyltrim ethylammonium bromide water-in-oil microemulsion [J]. Colloids and Surfaces.1989,38(1): 251-261
[58]Zhi J Y, Nai F Z. Ronald D N. The role of water in the formation of reversed micelles: An antimecellization agent [J]. Langmuir.1992,8(1):185-188
[59]Schwuger M J, Stickdorm K. Low-temperature microemulsions for the in situ extraction of contaminants from soil [J]. Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects.1998,141(2):217-225
[60]Alexandre de Jesus, Marcia M Silva, Maris G R. The use of microemulsion for determination of sodium and potassium in biodiesel by flame atomic absorption spectrometry [J]. Talanta.2008,74(5):1378-1384
[61]Boutonnet M, Kizling J, Stenins P, et al. Reverse microemlsion systhesis of nanostructure [J]. Colloids and Surfaces.1982,57(5):209-213
[62]Palaniraj W R, Sasthav M, Cheung H M. Polymeriration of single-phase microemlsions: Dependence of polymer morphology on microemulsion structure [J]. Polymer.1995,36(13): 2637-2638
[63]Kishida M. Preparation method for supported metal catalysts using w/o microemulsion: Study on immobilization conditions of metal particles by hydrolysis of alkoxide [J]. Catalysis Today.1998,45(4):203-208
[64]Magali B, Sara L, Erik E S. Recent developments in the application of nanoparticles prepared from W/O microemulsions in heterogeneous catalysis [J]. Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science.2008,13(4):263-269
[65]Chen B H, Chen K, Hou M L, et al. Synthesis of calcium phosphates and porous hydroxyapatite beads prepared by emulsion method [J]. Materials Chemistry and Physics.2008,113(1):365-371
[66]Tereza Neuma de Castro Dantas, Afonso Avelino Dantas Neto. Microemulsion systems applied to breakdown petroleum emulsions [J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering.2001,32(3):145-149
[67]Zhi J Y, Ronald D N. Giant bodlike reversed micelles formed by sodium bis (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate in n-Heptane [J]. Langmuir.1994,10(7):2553-2558
[68]甘孟瑜,葛芳芳.微乳液技术研究进展及其在涂料中的应用[J].涂料工业.2007,37(2)：51-54
[69]陈秀林.纺织上改性氨基硅油的合成及乳化[J].广东化工.2005,32(9)： 48-52
[70]Andreasson Finn, et al. Acidiziing method using microemulsion[J]. US:06/795404
[71]Lysy Regis, Marchal Maurice. Acid microemulsion composition[P]. CN:1107509
[72]Zhang Saiyu, Wang Fang, Chen Yandong, Fang Bo, et al. Preparation and properties of diesel oil microemulsified acid[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering,2008, 16(2):287-291
[73]方波.日用化工工艺学[M].化学工业出版社.2008
[74]卢拥军,方波,房鼎业,等.粘弹性表面活性剂胶束体系及其流变特性[J].油田化学.2003,20(3)：291-294
[75]卢拥军,方波,房鼎业,等.粘弹性胶束压裂液的形成与流变性质[J].油田化学.2003,20(4)：327-330
[76]Ying Zhang, Judith Schmidt, Yeshayahu Talmon, et al. Co-solvent effects on drag reductio, rheological properties and micelle microstructures of cationic surfactants[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science.2005,286:696-709
[77]张为灿,李干佐,冀克俭,等.苯甲醇对CTAB/KBr胶束体系流变性及CTAB分子HNMR谱影响的研究[J1.高等学校化学学报,2000,21(8)：1261-1264
[78]Sudheesh Parathakkatt, Jinu George, Moothandassery Sankarakutty Sajeev, et al. A rheological approach to viscoelastic worm-like micelles of tunable properties[J]. J Surfact Deterg,2009,12:219-224
[79]Abdulaziz Mohammed Al-Hakimi, Yazhuo Shang, Honglai Liu, et al. Salt effect on the aqueous two-phase system of gemini(12-3-12, 2Br-)/SDS/PEG[J]. J Solution Chem, 2009,38:1307-1313
[80]Birdi K S. Microemulsion:Effect of alkyl China length of alcohol and alkane[J]. Colloid and Polymer Science.1982,260(6):628-631