蔺河口碾压混凝土拱坝温度场仿真分析
|
摘要
拱坝是固结于基岩的高次超静定空间壳体结构，既有拱作用又有梁作用，其主要荷载是通过拱的作用传到两岸坝端。拱坝一般比较单薄，对外界气温和水温的变化比较敏感，坝内温度变化比较大，除了坝顶为自由边界外，其它三面都受到基岩的约束，温度变形受到的外界约束比较大。因此，温度变化对混凝土拱坝的应力状态具有重要的影响。
论文根据热传导理论及有限元理论，用三维有限元浮动网格法对施工期和运行期温度场进行了全过程仿真分析，较为系统的研究了混凝土拱坝施工期和运行期温度场分布规律，在分析中按照混凝土拱坝施工过程，考虑了混凝土分层浇筑、施工间隙时间、绝热温升过程及坝体材料分区、水库分期蓄水和环境温度变化等因素对坝体温度场的影响。结合陕西蔺河口水电站工程实际资料，对M方案和N方案温度场进行了施工期和运行期全过程仿真计算分析，给出了拱冠梁剖面和坝体中心纵剖面准稳定温度场等值线图以及施工期、运行期拱冠梁剖面和坝体中心纵剖面非稳定温度场等值线图，提供了施工期逐月和运行期每年最高、最低温度等成果，分析了坝体温度分布规律以及高温区形成的原因，并探讨了预埋冷却水管的效果和可行性以及预埋冷却水管的区域。以上成果为蔺河口水电站碾压混凝土拱坝温控设计、施工和运行期温控管理提供了可靠的依据，具有重要的理论研究参考价值和实际应用价值。
Arch dam, which is fastened to the base rock, is a high_order, hyperstatic, spacial body case structure. It has not only arch function but also girder function, but its main loads are passed to each dam abutment by means of arch function. Arch dam is slice and it is sensitive to the change of surrounding temperature and water temperature. The change of temperature in the dam is big, and except for the dam crest is free, the other three surfaces are restraint by base rock, and so, temperature deformation is big. Therefore the change of temperature has great effect on the stresses of concrete arch dam.
In this article, according to heat conduction theory and finite element theory, the temperature field in the arch dam during construction and operation are simulated and analyzed by means of three dimensional finite element relocating mesh method, and the distribution law of the temperature field in the arch dam during construction and operation are systematically studied, and according to the construction process of concrete arch dam, the effect of lamination placement, construction interval, thermal insulation change, surrounding temperature change and water storage on temperature field in the arch dam are also considered. Combined with practical data of Shannxi Lin Hekou hydropower plant, the temperature filed of M and N schemes during construction and operation are simulated and analyzed. The isoline map of stable temperature field of the arch crest girder section and the vertical section in the center of arch dam , the isoline map of unstable temperature field of the arch crest girder section and the vertical section in the center of arch darn during construction and operation and the maximal and minimal temperature value during construction and operation are provided. The distribution law of temperature in the dam and the form reason of high-temperature zone are analyzed and the effect and feasibility of cooling and the zone of cooling are discussed. The above results provide reliable basis for the design and management of temperature control during construction and operation of Lin Hekou RCC arch dam and have important reference value of theory study and practical implication.
论文根据热传导理论及有限元理论，用三维有限元浮动网格法对施工期和运行期温度场进行了全过程仿真分析，较为系统的研究了混凝土拱坝施工期和运行期温度场分布规律，在分析中按照混凝土拱坝施工过程，考虑了混凝土分层浇筑、施工间隙时间、绝热温升过程及坝体材料分区、水库分期蓄水和环境温度变化等因素对坝体温度场的影响。结合陕西蔺河口水电站工程实际资料，对M方案和N方案温度场进行了施工期和运行期全过程仿真计算分析，给出了拱冠梁剖面和坝体中心纵剖面准稳定温度场等值线图以及施工期、运行期拱冠梁剖面和坝体中心纵剖面非稳定温度场等值线图，提供了施工期逐月和运行期每年最高、最低温度等成果，分析了坝体温度分布规律以及高温区形成的原因，并探讨了预埋冷却水管的效果和可行性以及预埋冷却水管的区域。以上成果为蔺河口水电站碾压混凝土拱坝温控设计、施工和运行期温控管理提供了可靠的依据，具有重要的理论研究参考价值和实际应用价值。
Arch dam, which is fastened to the base rock, is a high_order, hyperstatic, spacial body case structure. It has not only arch function but also girder function, but its main loads are passed to each dam abutment by means of arch function. Arch dam is slice and it is sensitive to the change of surrounding temperature and water temperature. The change of temperature in the dam is big, and except for the dam crest is free, the other three surfaces are restraint by base rock, and so, temperature deformation is big. Therefore the change of temperature has great effect on the stresses of concrete arch dam.
In this article, according to heat conduction theory and finite element theory, the temperature field in the arch dam during construction and operation are simulated and analyzed by means of three dimensional finite element relocating mesh method, and the distribution law of the temperature field in the arch dam during construction and operation are systematically studied, and according to the construction process of concrete arch dam, the effect of lamination placement, construction interval, thermal insulation change, surrounding temperature change and water storage on temperature field in the arch dam are also considered. Combined with practical data of Shannxi Lin Hekou hydropower plant, the temperature filed of M and N schemes during construction and operation are simulated and analyzed. The isoline map of stable temperature field of the arch crest girder section and the vertical section in the center of arch dam , the isoline map of unstable temperature field of the arch crest girder section and the vertical section in the center of arch darn during construction and operation and the maximal and minimal temperature value during construction and operation are provided. The distribution law of temperature in the dam and the form reason of high-temperature zone are analyzed and the effect and feasibility of cooling and the zone of cooling are discussed. The above results provide reliable basis for the design and management of temperature control during construction and operation of Lin Hekou RCC arch dam and have important reference value of theory study and practical implication.
引文
[1]方坤河，阮燕，曾力．少水泥高掺粉煤灰碾压混凝土长龄期性能研究．水力发电学报，1999(4)．
[2]王松春．中国碾压混凝土筑坝技术及其发展．水利水电科技进展，2001(4)．
[3]李丽．碾压混凝土筑坝技术在世界的发展．中国水利，2000(10)．
[4]沈崇刚．中国碾压混凝土坝的发展成就与前景(上)．贵州水力电，2002(2)1～7．
[5]沈崇刚．碾压混凝土坝变态混凝土的应用与发展[J]．水利水电报，2001(20)．
[6]沈崇刚．我国碾压混凝土坝技术的新发展[J]．水力发电，1996(9)：52～57，1996(10)：45～49．
[7]谭志林，洪仪学．碾压混凝土斜层平推铺筑法[J]．水利水电快报，1998(14)
[8]林伯诜．江垭大坝碾压混凝土斜层铺筑方案简析[J]．水利水电技术，1999(3)．
[9]陈东平．微拱重力坝设计问题的探讨[J]．水利水电技术，1990(1)：36～41．
[10]王宏硕．论RCC筑坝技术中的几个关键性问题[J]．水力发电学报，1995(1)：77～85．
[12]朱伯芳．碾压混凝土拱坝的温度控制与接缝设计[J]．水力发电，1992(9)：11～17．
[13]朱伯芳，许平．碾压混凝土重力坝的温度应力与温度控制[J]．水利水电技术，1996(4)：18～25．
[14]黄淑萍．普定碾压混凝土拱坝整体碾压温度控制技术研究[J]．水力发电，1995(10)：15～19．
[15]杜庆华等．边界积分方程方法——边界元法．北京：高等教育出版社，1989．10．
[16]李荣湘，马杰．大体积混凝土温度场计算的边界元法．水利学报，1991(8)
[17] 朱伯芳．有限单元法原理与应用(第二版)．北京：中国水利水电出版社，1998．10．
[18] 王勖成，邵敏．有限元法基本原理和数值分析，清华大学出版社，
[19] 朱伯芳．大体积混凝土温度应力与温度控制[M]．北京：中国电力出版社，1999．3
[20] 张国新，刘光廷等．整体碾压混凝土拱坝工艺及温度场仿真计算．清华大学学报(自然科学版)1996(1)：1～7．
[21] 傅作新，钱向东．有限单元法在拱坝设计中的应用[J]．河海大学学报，1991．19(2)：8～15．
[22] 周维垣，杨若琼，剡公瑞．高拱坝的有限元分析方法和判据研究[J]．水利学报，1997(9)：1～6．
[23] Sarkaria G S, Andriolo F R. Special factors in design of high RCC gravity dams[J].Water Power and Dam Construction, 1995(4):39～44.
[24] Tatro, Stephen B. and Schreder Emest K., Thermal Considerations for Roller Compacted Concrete, ACI Journal, march-April 1988.
[25] llingworth,F.,D.J.Hooper, andJ.J.Geringer, RollerCompactedConcreteArched Dams,Water Power & Dam Construction,Nov, 1989.
[26] 刘光廷，麦家煊，张国新．溪柄碾压混凝土薄拱坝的研究[J]．水力发电学报，1997(2)：19～28．
[27] 李广远，赵代深等．碾压混凝土温度场和应力场全过程仿真计算和研究．水利学报，1991(10)．
[28] 黎展眉．拱坝的温度荷载与温度应力．水利水运工程学报，2001(2)：31～36．
[29] SD145-85，混凝土拱坝设计规范[S]．
[30] 张仲卿．碾压混凝土拱坝设计和应力分析研究[J]．水利学报，1992(7)：77～81．
[31]高政国，黄达海，赵国藩．沙牌碾压混凝土拱坝温度场仿真分析．大连理工大学学报,2001(1)．
[32]易魁，杨家修．龙首水电站碾压混凝土拱坝设计．贵州水力发电，2002(2)：47～49．
[33]朱伯芳，许平．混凝土坝仿真计算的并层算法和分区异步长算法．水力发电，1996(1)
[34]杨菊生，揽生瑞编著．有限元法程序设计．西安交通大学出版社，1990．6
[35]曾更长．江垭碾压混凝土拱围堰温度荷载的计算及温度控制设计．湖南水利．1997(2)．
[36]周献文．普定水电站碾压混凝土拱坝及防渗研究．水力发电学报，1998(2)：10-19．
[37]Abifadel, Nassin and Johnson, Daninel, Evobition of Temperatures in Roller Compacted Concrete Dams: Case, study—stage coach dam, Dam Engineering, Vol. 3,Issue 3,1992,PP223—238.
[38]Zhu Bofang, Computation of Thermal Stresses in Massive Concrete with Consideration of Creep Effect. Fifteenth International Congress on Large Dams, Lausanne, Suisse, Q57.R.31,24～28,1985:529—546.
[39]F.Hollingworth,D.J. Hooper, and J.J.Geringer Roller compacted concrete arched dams,Water Power & Construction, November 1989.
[40]陈尧隆，李守义等．高碾压混凝土重力坝温度应力和防渗措施研究．“九五”科技攻关报告，1999．11．
[41]陈尧隆、何劲．用三维有限元浮动网格法进行碾压混凝土重力坝施工期温度场和温度应力仿真分析．水利学报，1998(增刊)．
[42]张光斗，王光纶．水工建筑物(上、下册)．水利电力出版社,2000．5．
[43]Kevin Z. Truman, David J. Petruska Creep. Shrinkage and Thermal Effects on Mass Concrete Structure. Journal of the engineering mechanics division
No.6 1991.
[44]J L Hinks A F Copley and Dr M R H Dunstand Thermal Modeling For RCC Dams International Symposium on Roller Compacted Concrete Dams, November 6～9 1991 Beijing China.
[45]孙菊芳，荣王伍．有限元及其应用．北京航空航天大学出版社，1990．7．
[46]康清梁．钢筋混凝土有限元分析．中国水利水电出版社，1996．10．
[47]朱伯芳．不稳定温度场数值分析的分区异步长解法．水利学报，1995(8)．
[48]林长山．铜街子水电站碾压混凝土坝的温度控制．水力发电，1992(11)
[49]潘家铮．水工建筑物的温度控制．水利电力出版社，1990．11．
[50]水工设计手册．第五卷，混凝土坝．水利电力出版社，1987．12．
[51]中南勘测设计研究院．高碾压混凝土重力坝的特点及其应力计算方法研究．1998．1．
[52]电力工业部中南勘测设计研究院．龙滩碾压混凝土重力坝结构设计与施工方法研究专题总报告，1995．10．
[53]陈里红等．碾压混凝土坝温度控制设计方法．河海科技进展，1993．12．
[54]潘家铮主编，黎展眉编著．水工建筑物设计丛书—拱坝．水利电力出版社，1982．12．
[2]王松春．中国碾压混凝土筑坝技术及其发展．水利水电科技进展，2001(4)．
[3]李丽．碾压混凝土筑坝技术在世界的发展．中国水利，2000(10)．
[4]沈崇刚．中国碾压混凝土坝的发展成就与前景(上)．贵州水力电，2002(2)1～7．
[5]沈崇刚．碾压混凝土坝变态混凝土的应用与发展[J]．水利水电报，2001(20)．
[6]沈崇刚．我国碾压混凝土坝技术的新发展[J]．水力发电，1996(9)：52～57，1996(10)：45～49．
[7]谭志林，洪仪学．碾压混凝土斜层平推铺筑法[J]．水利水电快报，1998(14)
[8]林伯诜．江垭大坝碾压混凝土斜层铺筑方案简析[J]．水利水电技术，1999(3)．
[9]陈东平．微拱重力坝设计问题的探讨[J]．水利水电技术，1990(1)：36～41．
[10]王宏硕．论RCC筑坝技术中的几个关键性问题[J]．水力发电学报，1995(1)：77～85．
[12]朱伯芳．碾压混凝土拱坝的温度控制与接缝设计[J]．水力发电，1992(9)：11～17．
[13]朱伯芳，许平．碾压混凝土重力坝的温度应力与温度控制[J]．水利水电技术，1996(4)：18～25．
[14]黄淑萍．普定碾压混凝土拱坝整体碾压温度控制技术研究[J]．水力发电，1995(10)：15～19．
[15]杜庆华等．边界积分方程方法——边界元法．北京：高等教育出版社，1989．10．
[16]李荣湘，马杰．大体积混凝土温度场计算的边界元法．水利学报，1991(8)
[17] 朱伯芳．有限单元法原理与应用(第二版)．北京：中国水利水电出版社，1998．10．
[18] 王勖成，邵敏．有限元法基本原理和数值分析，清华大学出版社，
[19] 朱伯芳．大体积混凝土温度应力与温度控制[M]．北京：中国电力出版社，1999．3
[20] 张国新，刘光廷等．整体碾压混凝土拱坝工艺及温度场仿真计算．清华大学学报(自然科学版)1996(1)：1～7．
[21] 傅作新，钱向东．有限单元法在拱坝设计中的应用[J]．河海大学学报，1991．19(2)：8～15．
[22] 周维垣，杨若琼，剡公瑞．高拱坝的有限元分析方法和判据研究[J]．水利学报，1997(9)：1～6．
[23] Sarkaria G S, Andriolo F R. Special factors in design of high RCC gravity dams[J].Water Power and Dam Construction, 1995(4):39～44.
[24] Tatro, Stephen B. and Schreder Emest K., Thermal Considerations for Roller Compacted Concrete, ACI Journal, march-April 1988.
[25] llingworth,F.,D.J.Hooper, andJ.J.Geringer, RollerCompactedConcreteArched Dams,Water Power & Dam Construction,Nov, 1989.
[26] 刘光廷，麦家煊，张国新．溪柄碾压混凝土薄拱坝的研究[J]．水力发电学报，1997(2)：19～28．
[27] 李广远，赵代深等．碾压混凝土温度场和应力场全过程仿真计算和研究．水利学报，1991(10)．
[28] 黎展眉．拱坝的温度荷载与温度应力．水利水运工程学报，2001(2)：31～36．
[29] SD145-85，混凝土拱坝设计规范[S]．
[30] 张仲卿．碾压混凝土拱坝设计和应力分析研究[J]．水利学报，1992(7)：77～81．
[31]高政国，黄达海，赵国藩．沙牌碾压混凝土拱坝温度场仿真分析．大连理工大学学报,2001(1)．
[32]易魁，杨家修．龙首水电站碾压混凝土拱坝设计．贵州水力发电，2002(2)：47～49．
[33]朱伯芳，许平．混凝土坝仿真计算的并层算法和分区异步长算法．水力发电，1996(1)
[34]杨菊生，揽生瑞编著．有限元法程序设计．西安交通大学出版社，1990．6
[35]曾更长．江垭碾压混凝土拱围堰温度荷载的计算及温度控制设计．湖南水利．1997(2)．
[36]周献文．普定水电站碾压混凝土拱坝及防渗研究．水力发电学报，1998(2)：10-19．
[37]Abifadel, Nassin and Johnson, Daninel, Evobition of Temperatures in Roller Compacted Concrete Dams: Case, study—stage coach dam, Dam Engineering, Vol. 3,Issue 3,1992,PP223—238.
[38]Zhu Bofang, Computation of Thermal Stresses in Massive Concrete with Consideration of Creep Effect. Fifteenth International Congress on Large Dams, Lausanne, Suisse, Q57.R.31,24～28,1985:529—546.
[39]F.Hollingworth,D.J. Hooper, and J.J.Geringer Roller compacted concrete arched dams,Water Power & Construction, November 1989.
[40]陈尧隆，李守义等．高碾压混凝土重力坝温度应力和防渗措施研究．“九五”科技攻关报告，1999．11．
[41]陈尧隆、何劲．用三维有限元浮动网格法进行碾压混凝土重力坝施工期温度场和温度应力仿真分析．水利学报，1998(增刊)．
[42]张光斗，王光纶．水工建筑物(上、下册)．水利电力出版社,2000．5．
[43]Kevin Z. Truman, David J. Petruska Creep. Shrinkage and Thermal Effects on Mass Concrete Structure. Journal of the engineering mechanics division
No.6 1991.
[44]J L Hinks A F Copley and Dr M R H Dunstand Thermal Modeling For RCC Dams International Symposium on Roller Compacted Concrete Dams, November 6～9 1991 Beijing China.
[45]孙菊芳，荣王伍．有限元及其应用．北京航空航天大学出版社，1990．7．
[46]康清梁．钢筋混凝土有限元分析．中国水利水电出版社，1996．10．
[47]朱伯芳．不稳定温度场数值分析的分区异步长解法．水利学报，1995(8)．
[48]林长山．铜街子水电站碾压混凝土坝的温度控制．水力发电，1992(11)
[49]潘家铮．水工建筑物的温度控制．水利电力出版社，1990．11．
[50]水工设计手册．第五卷，混凝土坝．水利电力出版社，1987．12．
[51]中南勘测设计研究院．高碾压混凝土重力坝的特点及其应力计算方法研究．1998．1．
[52]电力工业部中南勘测设计研究院．龙滩碾压混凝土重力坝结构设计与施工方法研究专题总报告，1995．10．
[53]陈里红等．碾压混凝土坝温度控制设计方法．河海科技进展，1993．12．
[54]潘家铮主编，黎展眉编著．水工建筑物设计丛书—拱坝．水利电力出版社，1982．12．