畸变信号条件下电网功率潮流分析与电能计量新方法研究
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摘要
随着电网中非线性负载的迅速增加,电能质量日趋恶化,这不仅严重影响电网安全高效的运行,而且对经典的电能计量理论、方法和仪表的设计都提出了新的挑战。现代电网中,除了稳态的基波和谐波信号之外,信号还呈现出准周期、时变、非稳态的复杂特性,进而引发了复杂电网功率潮流的变化,深刻地暴露了现有电能计量方式的不合理性。在谐波条件下,根据谐波功率潮流方向,谐波源用户发出谐波功率而使电能计量减少,非谐波用户吸收谐波功率而使电能计量增加,因此传统的计量方式存在着严重的不合理性。在分析了稳态谐波源信号的功率潮流特点后,国内外许多学者提出了基波电能表的技术方案,该方案已经应用到非线性负载电能用户的电能计量中,通过实验取得了一定的成果。但是基波表对更具普遍性的时变、非平稳信号条件下电能的合理计量并不适用。因此,在目前电网信号严重畸变的条件下,如何进行电能计量已经成为电能计量领域的一个难点和热点问题。针对这个问题,本学位论文进行了深入系统的理论研究和相关的实验研究。
本文首先综述了国内外畸变信号条件下电能计量方法及仪表的研究概况和电能计量技术的发展及应用,重点研究了畸变信号条件下电能计量存在的问题,建立了电网典型非稳态畸变信号的数学模型,深入系统地分析了非稳态畸变信号功率潮流的方向,提出了一种合理计量电能的新方法,并将小波分频带测量方法用于非稳态畸变信号条件下功率的分解测量,在理论上实现了畸变功率的准确测量。其次,对电网典型畸变信号进行了仿真实验,给出了仿真结果。再次,设计了模拟电网信号源及畸变信号条件下电能计量实验装置,对模拟的电网典型畸变信号进行了实验测试。仿真及实验结果验证了所提方法的正确性。最后,针对目前电能计量仪表存在的问题,提出了研制满足冲击信号等非稳态畸变信号暂态电能计量需要的宽频带、高过载能力的电能表的技术方案。
Along with the rapid increase of non-linear loads in the electrical network, the electric energy quality becomes worse and worse, which not only seriously affects the effectiveness and safe running of the electrical network, but also proposes a new challenge to the classic measurement theory on electric energy, its method and the instrument design. In modern electrical network, besides stable state fundamental component and harmonic signals, there are the signals with quasi-periodic, time-variable and the non-stable state complex characteristics, which has caused complex power flow change in the electrical network, and exposed serious unfairness in the existing measurement method. Under the harmonic condition, according to power flow direction of the harmonics, the harmonic source user sends out the harmonic power,causing the decrease of the electric energy measurement, and the un-harmonic user absorbs harmonic power, which makes the electric energy measurement increase. Therefore, the traditional measurement method has caused the serious unfair problems. After analyzing the power flow characteristics of stable state harmonic source signals, many scholars in the world proposed the technical plan of electric energy meter testing fundamental wave, which has already been experimentally applied to the non-linear loads of using electric energy in the electric energy measurement, and has caused certain result. But the fundamental wave meter is not suitable for the electric energy measurement of the time-variable and non-steady signals which are more universal cases. On the condition of serious distortion of the electrical network signal at present, how to carry on the electric energy measurement has already become a difficulty and the hot topic in the domain of electric energy measurement. In view of this question, this dissertation has conducted the thorough and systematic theoretical research and the correlative experimental study.
In this dissertation, firstly, domestic and overseas measuring methods of electric energy and the research status of meter on the condition of steady distorted signals and the development and application of electric energy measuring techniques have been overviewed. On the condition of distorted signals the problems existed in electric energy measurement have been focused on. A mathematical model for typical unsteady distorted signals of the electrical network has been established, and power flows for unsteady distorted signals have been analyzed thoroughly and systematically. A rational measuring method of electric energy for distorted signals has been proposed and the sub-band measuring method based on wavelets has been employed for decomposed measurement of electric energy on the condition of unsteady distorted signals, and thus realized in theory the accurate measurement of power of the distorted signals. Secondly, typical distorted signals in the electrical network has been tested by computer simulation and the simulation results have been given in the dissertation. Thirdly, the thesis designed simulative signal resources of the electrical network and experimental equipment of measuring energy on the condition of distorted signals,and tested the typical distorted signals in the simulated electrical network. The simulation and experimental results show the rightness of the theory presented in the thesis. Finally, according to the problems existing in electric energy meter, the technology scheme of designing a electric energy meter which has wide band and high overloads capability for measuring transient energy of unsteady distorted signals such as impulse signals, is also presented.
本文首先综述了国内外畸变信号条件下电能计量方法及仪表的研究概况和电能计量技术的发展及应用,重点研究了畸变信号条件下电能计量存在的问题,建立了电网典型非稳态畸变信号的数学模型,深入系统地分析了非稳态畸变信号功率潮流的方向,提出了一种合理计量电能的新方法,并将小波分频带测量方法用于非稳态畸变信号条件下功率的分解测量,在理论上实现了畸变功率的准确测量。其次,对电网典型畸变信号进行了仿真实验,给出了仿真结果。再次,设计了模拟电网信号源及畸变信号条件下电能计量实验装置,对模拟的电网典型畸变信号进行了实验测试。仿真及实验结果验证了所提方法的正确性。最后,针对目前电能计量仪表存在的问题,提出了研制满足冲击信号等非稳态畸变信号暂态电能计量需要的宽频带、高过载能力的电能表的技术方案。
Along with the rapid increase of non-linear loads in the electrical network, the electric energy quality becomes worse and worse, which not only seriously affects the effectiveness and safe running of the electrical network, but also proposes a new challenge to the classic measurement theory on electric energy, its method and the instrument design. In modern electrical network, besides stable state fundamental component and harmonic signals, there are the signals with quasi-periodic, time-variable and the non-stable state complex characteristics, which has caused complex power flow change in the electrical network, and exposed serious unfairness in the existing measurement method. Under the harmonic condition, according to power flow direction of the harmonics, the harmonic source user sends out the harmonic power,causing the decrease of the electric energy measurement, and the un-harmonic user absorbs harmonic power, which makes the electric energy measurement increase. Therefore, the traditional measurement method has caused the serious unfair problems. After analyzing the power flow characteristics of stable state harmonic source signals, many scholars in the world proposed the technical plan of electric energy meter testing fundamental wave, which has already been experimentally applied to the non-linear loads of using electric energy in the electric energy measurement, and has caused certain result. But the fundamental wave meter is not suitable for the electric energy measurement of the time-variable and non-steady signals which are more universal cases. On the condition of serious distortion of the electrical network signal at present, how to carry on the electric energy measurement has already become a difficulty and the hot topic in the domain of electric energy measurement. In view of this question, this dissertation has conducted the thorough and systematic theoretical research and the correlative experimental study.
In this dissertation, firstly, domestic and overseas measuring methods of electric energy and the research status of meter on the condition of steady distorted signals and the development and application of electric energy measuring techniques have been overviewed. On the condition of distorted signals the problems existed in electric energy measurement have been focused on. A mathematical model for typical unsteady distorted signals of the electrical network has been established, and power flows for unsteady distorted signals have been analyzed thoroughly and systematically. A rational measuring method of electric energy for distorted signals has been proposed and the sub-band measuring method based on wavelets has been employed for decomposed measurement of electric energy on the condition of unsteady distorted signals, and thus realized in theory the accurate measurement of power of the distorted signals. Secondly, typical distorted signals in the electrical network has been tested by computer simulation and the simulation results have been given in the dissertation. Thirdly, the thesis designed simulative signal resources of the electrical network and experimental equipment of measuring energy on the condition of distorted signals,and tested the typical distorted signals in the simulated electrical network. The simulation and experimental results show the rightness of the theory presented in the thesis. Finally, according to the problems existing in electric energy meter, the technology scheme of designing a electric energy meter which has wide band and high overloads capability for measuring transient energy of unsteady distorted signals such as impulse signals, is also presented.
引文
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