基于混合储能的独立光伏发电系统的研究
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摘要
伴随全球经济的快速发展,一次能源迅速被消耗,造成全世界范围内的能源危机和环境污染。太阳能以其取之不尽、用之不竭、安全可靠无污染等优点被人类所关注。但是,随着独立光伏发电系统的大规模发展,以及各种冲击性功率设备的不断增加,对储能装置提出了新的要求。因此,研究新型储能装置具有重要意义。本文针对基于蓄电池和超级电容混合储能的独立光伏发电系统进行研究。
首先,本文分析了蓄电池和超级电容混合系统的3种结构,并建立了蓄电池和超级电容直接并联混合储能系统的等效模型,通过对等效模型的理论分析,针对脉动负载,分析了混合储能系统的性能改善情况。根据蓄电池和超级电容不同的充放电特性,采用不同的充放电控制策略来实现稳压限流。本文采用双向半桥DC/DC变换器控制蓄电池和超级电容的充放电。
其次,根据太阳能电池、蓄电池组、超级电容组3个能量源的特点,提出了一种能量控制策略。系统能量管理的核心是根据太阳能电池、蓄电池组、超级电容组的工作状态,控制单向Boost变换器、双向半桥DC/DC变换器1和双向半桥DC/DC变换器2工作在合适的工作模式,从而使这三种能量源协调工作,确保供电系统的高效稳定运行及快速响应。
最后,本文对基于蓄电池单独储能的独立光伏发电系统和基于蓄电池和超级电容混合储能的独立光伏发电系统分别建模仿真,通过对仿真结果的比较分析,得出混合储能装置不仅能快速的满足负载要求,而且使蓄电池免受大电流充放电的冲击,提高了系统的功率输出能力、延长了蓄电池寿命。
Accompanied by the rapid development of global economy, the consumption of primary energy became so rapidly, resulting in worldwide energy crisis and environmental pollution. Solar energy with its advantage of inexhaustible, safe, reliable and non-polluting caused human concern. However, with the development of large-scale photovoltaic power generation system, as well as the increasing of variety impact on power equipment, the energy storage device proposed new requirements. Therefore, the study of new energy storage device has a great significance. Based on the battery and super capacitor hybrid energy storage, this paper studied the independent photovoltaic power generation system.
First, this paper analyzed three different kinds of structure of the battery and super capacitor hybrid system, and established the equivalent model of the battery and super capacitor directly parallel hybrid energy storage system. Based on the theoretical analysis of the equivalent model and aimed to the pulsating load, analyzed the improvement of hybrid energy storage system. According to the battery and charge or discharge characteristics of super capacitor, this paper used different charge or discharge control strategies to achieve regulation limiting. This paper used two-way half-bridge DC/DC converter to control the charging or discharging of the battery and super capacitor.
Secondly, according to the characteristics of the solar cells, batteries and super capacitor bank brought an energy control strategy. The core of system energy management is based on the working status of solar cells, batteries and super capacitor group. This paper used the working status to control the one-way Boost converter, two-way half-bridge DC/DC converter1and two-way half-bridge DC/DC converter2running at the appropriate working mode, so that these three energy sources can work Coordinately to ensure efficient, stable operation and rapid response of the power supply system.
Finally, this paper not only gave simulation model of the independent photovoltaic power generation system based on battery energy storage but also independent photovoltaic power generation system based on the battery and super capacitor hybrid energy storage. Simulation results showed that hybrid energy storage device is not only able to quickly meet the load requirements, but also free battery from the impact of high-current charge or discharge. So the hybrid energy storage device has improved output power capacity of the system and extended battery life.
首先,本文分析了蓄电池和超级电容混合系统的3种结构,并建立了蓄电池和超级电容直接并联混合储能系统的等效模型,通过对等效模型的理论分析,针对脉动负载,分析了混合储能系统的性能改善情况。根据蓄电池和超级电容不同的充放电特性,采用不同的充放电控制策略来实现稳压限流。本文采用双向半桥DC/DC变换器控制蓄电池和超级电容的充放电。
其次,根据太阳能电池、蓄电池组、超级电容组3个能量源的特点,提出了一种能量控制策略。系统能量管理的核心是根据太阳能电池、蓄电池组、超级电容组的工作状态,控制单向Boost变换器、双向半桥DC/DC变换器1和双向半桥DC/DC变换器2工作在合适的工作模式,从而使这三种能量源协调工作,确保供电系统的高效稳定运行及快速响应。
最后,本文对基于蓄电池单独储能的独立光伏发电系统和基于蓄电池和超级电容混合储能的独立光伏发电系统分别建模仿真,通过对仿真结果的比较分析,得出混合储能装置不仅能快速的满足负载要求,而且使蓄电池免受大电流充放电的冲击,提高了系统的功率输出能力、延长了蓄电池寿命。
Accompanied by the rapid development of global economy, the consumption of primary energy became so rapidly, resulting in worldwide energy crisis and environmental pollution. Solar energy with its advantage of inexhaustible, safe, reliable and non-polluting caused human concern. However, with the development of large-scale photovoltaic power generation system, as well as the increasing of variety impact on power equipment, the energy storage device proposed new requirements. Therefore, the study of new energy storage device has a great significance. Based on the battery and super capacitor hybrid energy storage, this paper studied the independent photovoltaic power generation system.
First, this paper analyzed three different kinds of structure of the battery and super capacitor hybrid system, and established the equivalent model of the battery and super capacitor directly parallel hybrid energy storage system. Based on the theoretical analysis of the equivalent model and aimed to the pulsating load, analyzed the improvement of hybrid energy storage system. According to the battery and charge or discharge characteristics of super capacitor, this paper used different charge or discharge control strategies to achieve regulation limiting. This paper used two-way half-bridge DC/DC converter to control the charging or discharging of the battery and super capacitor.
Secondly, according to the characteristics of the solar cells, batteries and super capacitor bank brought an energy control strategy. The core of system energy management is based on the working status of solar cells, batteries and super capacitor group. This paper used the working status to control the one-way Boost converter, two-way half-bridge DC/DC converter1and two-way half-bridge DC/DC converter2running at the appropriate working mode, so that these three energy sources can work Coordinately to ensure efficient, stable operation and rapid response of the power supply system.
Finally, this paper not only gave simulation model of the independent photovoltaic power generation system based on battery energy storage but also independent photovoltaic power generation system based on the battery and super capacitor hybrid energy storage. Simulation results showed that hybrid energy storage device is not only able to quickly meet the load requirements, but also free battery from the impact of high-current charge or discharge. So the hybrid energy storage device has improved output power capacity of the system and extended battery life.
引文
[1]王长贵.新能源和可再生能源的现状和展望[C].太阳能光伏产业发展论坛论文集.2003,9：4-1.
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[13]Smith T A, Mars J P, Turner G A. Using Super capacitors to Improve Bart ery Performance[C].Power Electronics Specialists Conference 2002 IEEE 33rd Annual,23-27 June 2002,1:124-128.
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[15]曹太强.光伏发电系统及其控制技术研究[D].西南交通大学博士学位论文,2011.
[16]B T senter Battery charger and method of charging niekel based batteries[P]. USA,6313605,2001.11.6:56-63.
[17]Teulings W J A, Marpinard J C, Capel A, et al. A new maximum power point tracking system[C].The 24th IEEE Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference. Toulouse, French,1993:833-838.
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[19]任碧莹.用户式光伏并网发电控制策略的研究[D].西安理工大学博士学位论文,2009.
[20]马洪莉.户用独立光伏发电系统控制电路的设计和研究[D].青岛大学硕士学位论文,2010.
[21]张卫平.开关变换器的建模与控制[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2005.
[22]王晓峰,王大志,梁吉等.双电层电容器及其复合电源系统的研制[J].电子学报,2002,30(8)：1100-1103.
[23]电动公交车用超级电容器的研究[J].电池工业,2006,11(4)：237-24.
[24]Linzen D, Buller S, Karden E, et al. Analysis and evaluation of charge-bal ancing circuits on performance, reliability, and lifetime of supercapacitor sys tems[J].IEEE Trans on Industry Applications,2005,41(5):1135-1141.
[25]Barrade P, Rufer A. Considerations on the energy efficiency of a super ca pacitiveank [C].International Conference on Magnetically Levitated Systems a nd Linear Drives. Lausanne, Switzerland,2002:3-5.
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[27]Gao L. Design and optimization of Fuel Cell/Battery/Supercapacitor hybrid p ower sources for electricvehicles [D].PH.D dissertation, College of Engineeri ng and Information Technology University of South Carolina,2003.
[28]田勤曼.光伏发电系统中最大功率跟踪控制方法的研究[D].天津大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[29]龙腾飞,丁宣浩,蔡如华.太阳电池最大功率点跟踪的三点比较法理论分析[J].节能,2007
[30]凌六一.基于模糊控制MPPT的单相光伏并网发电系统[J].电子应用技术.2010,(6).
[31]徐鹏威,刘飞,刘邦银,段善旭.几种光伏系统MPPT方法的分析比较及改进[J].电力电子技术,2007,41(5)：3-5.
[32]欧阳名三.独立光伏系统中蓄电池管理的研究[D].合肥工业大学,2004.
[33]贾正春,马志源.电力电子学[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2002.
[34][林波涛,邱水生.PWM开关变换器的极限环与状态空间平均法[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),1997,25(3)：58-62.
[35]张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理与设计[M].北京：电子工业出版社,1998.
[36]黄勇.超级电容器蓄电池混合储能在独立光伏发电系统中的应用研究[D].重庆大学硕士学位论文.2011.
[37]Akiyama K, Nozaki Y, Kudo M et al. Ni-MH batteries and EDLCs hybrid stand-alone photovoltaic power system for digital access equipment[C]. Telec ommunications Energy Conference 2000.INTELEC.Twenty-second International, 10-14 Sept 2000:387-393.
[38]Nozaki Y, Akiyama K, Kawaguchi H et al. An improved method for contr olling an EDLC-battery.
[39]hybrid stand-alone photovoltaic power system[C].Applied Power Electronics C onference and Exposition,2000.Fifteenth Annual IEEE,6-10 Feb 2000,2:7 81-786.
[40]Nozaki Y, Akiyama K, Kawaguchi H et al. Evaluation of an EDLC-battery hybrid stand-alone photovoltaic power system[C].Photovoltaic Specialists Conf erence.15-22 Sept 2000:1634-1637.
[41]Miller J R. Development of equivalent circuit models for batteries and electr ochemical capacitors[C].Battery Conference on Applications and Advances, T he Fourteenth Annual 12-15 Jan 1999:107-109.
[42]Spyker R L, Nelms R M. Classical equivalent circuit parameters for a doubl e-layer capacitor[J].IEEE Trans on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, July 2 000,26 (3):829-836.
[43]唐西胜.超级电容器储能应用于分布式发电系统的能量管理及稳定性研究[D].中国科学院研究生院博士学位论文,2005.
[44]张瑞宁.基于超级电容器储能的独立光伏发电系统研究[D].华北电力大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[45]邓元实.带储能的太阳能光伏发电系统研究[D],西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2012.
[46]赵富鑫,魏彦章.太阳电池及其应用[M].北京：国防工业出版社,1985.
[47]Pay S, Baghzouz Y. Effectiveness of Battery-Supercapacitor Combination in Electric Vehicles[J].IEEE Bologna Power Tech Conference 2003:6.
[48]Dougal R A, Liu S, White R E.Power and life extension of Battery-Ultraca pacitor hybrids[J].IEEE Trans on Components and Packaging Technologies,2 002,25(1):120-131.
[49]Gao L, Dougal R A. Liu S. Power enhancement of an actively controlled B attery/Ultracapacitor hybrid[J].IEEE Trans on Power Electronics,2005,20(1): 236-243.
[50]Zheng J PJ, T R, Ding M S. Hybrid power sources for pulsed current appl ications[J].IEEE Trans on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,2001,37(1):2 88-292.
[51]Glavin M E, Paul K W, Hurley W G.A stand-alone photovoltaic supercapac itor battery hybrid energy storage system[C].Power Electroncs Specialist Conf erence. Galway, Ireland,2003:918-92.
[2]王斯成,马胜红.我国光伏发电的重要地位和展望[M].第八届全国光伏会议暨中日光伏论坛,2004：1-10.
[3]赵玉文.我国光伏产业现状与面临的挑战[J].太阳能,2004(5)：4-6.
[4]陈维,沈辉.太阳能光伏应用中的蓄电池研究[J].电池,2006,36(1)：66-68.
[5]Jerome K B. Using Energy[M].Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Rese arch Press,2003.
[6]Zhen Chen. High pulse power system through engineering battery-capacitor c ombination[C].Energy Conversion Engineering Conference and Exhibit,2000. 24-28 July 2000,2:752-755.
[7]Jenkins N. Embedded generation [J].Power Engineering Joural,2000,9(3):1 45-150.
[8]李安定.太阳能光伏发电系统工程[M].北京：北京工业大学出版社2001.
[9]汉云.太阳能光伏发电应用原理[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2009.
[10]车孝轩.太阳能光伏系统概论[M].武汉：武汉大学出版社,2006.
[11]张利.光伏电池特性研究[D].华北电力大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[12]Brand horst H W, Zheng C.A chieving a high pulse power system through engineering the battery-capacitor combination[J].The Sixteenth Annual Battery Conference on 9-12 Jan 2001:153-156.
[13]Smith T A, Mars J P, Turner G A. Using Super capacitors to Improve Bart ery Performance[C].Power Electronics Specialists Conference 2002 IEEE 33rd Annual,23-27 June 2002,1:124-128.
[14]龚红.独立光伏发电系统最大功率跟踪以及波形校正方法的研究[D].西安理工大学硕士学位论文,2009
[15]曹太强.光伏发电系统及其控制技术研究[D].西南交通大学博士学位论文,2011.
[16]B T senter Battery charger and method of charging niekel based batteries[P]. USA,6313605,2001.11.6:56-63.
[17]Teulings W J A, Marpinard J C, Capel A, et al. A new maximum power point tracking system[C].The 24th IEEE Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference. Toulouse, French,1993:833-838.
[18]Schupbach R M, Balda J C, Zolot M, et al. Design methodology of a com bined battery-ultracapacitor energy storage unit for vehicle power managemen t[C].The 34th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialist Conference. Fayettev ille, USA,2003,1:88-93.
[19]任碧莹.用户式光伏并网发电控制策略的研究[D].西安理工大学博士学位论文,2009.
[20]马洪莉.户用独立光伏发电系统控制电路的设计和研究[D].青岛大学硕士学位论文,2010.
[21]张卫平.开关变换器的建模与控制[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2005.
[22]王晓峰,王大志,梁吉等.双电层电容器及其复合电源系统的研制[J].电子学报,2002,30(8)：1100-1103.
[23]电动公交车用超级电容器的研究[J].电池工业,2006,11(4)：237-24.
[24]Linzen D, Buller S, Karden E, et al. Analysis and evaluation of charge-bal ancing circuits on performance, reliability, and lifetime of supercapacitor sys tems[J].IEEE Trans on Industry Applications,2005,41(5):1135-1141.
[25]Barrade P, Rufer A. Considerations on the energy efficiency of a super ca pacitiveank [C].International Conference on Magnetically Levitated Systems a nd Linear Drives. Lausanne, Switzerland,2002:3-5.
[26]钟海云,李荐,戴艳阳等.新型能源器件—超级电容器发展最新动态[J].电源技术,2001,25(5)：367-370.
[27]Gao L. Design and optimization of Fuel Cell/Battery/Supercapacitor hybrid p ower sources for electricvehicles [D].PH.D dissertation, College of Engineeri ng and Information Technology University of South Carolina,2003.
[28]田勤曼.光伏发电系统中最大功率跟踪控制方法的研究[D].天津大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[29]龙腾飞,丁宣浩,蔡如华.太阳电池最大功率点跟踪的三点比较法理论分析[J].节能,2007
[30]凌六一.基于模糊控制MPPT的单相光伏并网发电系统[J].电子应用技术.2010,(6).
[31]徐鹏威,刘飞,刘邦银,段善旭.几种光伏系统MPPT方法的分析比较及改进[J].电力电子技术,2007,41(5)：3-5.
[32]欧阳名三.独立光伏系统中蓄电池管理的研究[D].合肥工业大学,2004.
[33]贾正春,马志源.电力电子学[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2002.
[34][林波涛,邱水生.PWM开关变换器的极限环与状态空间平均法[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),1997,25(3)：58-62.
[35]张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理与设计[M].北京：电子工业出版社,1998.
[36]黄勇.超级电容器蓄电池混合储能在独立光伏发电系统中的应用研究[D].重庆大学硕士学位论文.2011.
[37]Akiyama K, Nozaki Y, Kudo M et al. Ni-MH batteries and EDLCs hybrid stand-alone photovoltaic power system for digital access equipment[C]. Telec ommunications Energy Conference 2000.INTELEC.Twenty-second International, 10-14 Sept 2000:387-393.
[38]Nozaki Y, Akiyama K, Kawaguchi H et al. An improved method for contr olling an EDLC-battery.
[39]hybrid stand-alone photovoltaic power system[C].Applied Power Electronics C onference and Exposition,2000.Fifteenth Annual IEEE,6-10 Feb 2000,2:7 81-786.
[40]Nozaki Y, Akiyama K, Kawaguchi H et al. Evaluation of an EDLC-battery hybrid stand-alone photovoltaic power system[C].Photovoltaic Specialists Conf erence.15-22 Sept 2000:1634-1637.
[41]Miller J R. Development of equivalent circuit models for batteries and electr ochemical capacitors[C].Battery Conference on Applications and Advances, T he Fourteenth Annual 12-15 Jan 1999:107-109.
[42]Spyker R L, Nelms R M. Classical equivalent circuit parameters for a doubl e-layer capacitor[J].IEEE Trans on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, July 2 000,26 (3):829-836.
[43]唐西胜.超级电容器储能应用于分布式发电系统的能量管理及稳定性研究[D].中国科学院研究生院博士学位论文,2005.
[44]张瑞宁.基于超级电容器储能的独立光伏发电系统研究[D].华北电力大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[45]邓元实.带储能的太阳能光伏发电系统研究[D],西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2012.
[46]赵富鑫,魏彦章.太阳电池及其应用[M].北京：国防工业出版社,1985.
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