液化天然气流程的动态模拟研究
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摘要
液化天然气行业作为一门新兴的产业正在日益发展壮大,我国的天然气液化技术也在迅猛发展。与国外的天然气液化技术相比,我国的天然气液化技术起步较晚,差距较大。尤其是在天然气液化流程的模拟方面,研究的比较少。考虑到当前国内外天然气液化的研究现状和行业实际需求,我国需要对液化天然气技术开展进一步的研究和探讨。本文对单级混合制冷剂天然气液化流程进行了动态模拟和研究。
本文首先论述了国内外天然气液化技术的现状和发展趋势,分别阐述了几种天然气液化流程的特点,介绍了国内外天然气液化流程的稳态模拟及动态模拟的发展历程,并说明了流程模拟在液化天然气工程中的意义。
本文介绍了天然气和混合制冷剂热物性的特点,分析了物性的计算方法和思路,比较了用状态方程法和活度系数法计算天然气和混合制冷剂物性的异同,确定使用Peng-Rob(PR)方程进行天然气和混合制冷剂物性的计算,并详细阐述了PR方程的形式,混合法则及求解过程。
本文采用Aspen Plus软件对单级混合制冷剂天然气液化流程进行稳态模拟,建立了天然气液化流程的模型,并对流程中的压缩机、节流阀、气液分离器、冷却器、多股流换热器等模块进行详细的参数设置,最终得到了稳态模拟的结果。
在稳态模拟的基础上,用Aspen Dynamics软件对单级混合制冷剂天然气液化流程进行动态模拟,建立了流程的动态模型,模拟并分析了天然气进换热器温度、压力、甲烷的摩尔含量以及混合制冷剂进压缩机温度、压力、混合制冷剂中的甲烷、乙烯、丙烷、异戊烷、氮气摩尔含量等参数的扰动对整个液化流程性能的影响。
The liquefied natural gas (LNG) industry is developing day by day as a new industry, and liquefied natural gas technology of our nation is also developing rapidly. Compared with foreign liquefied natural gas technology, liquefied natural gas technology of our nation starts a little later and fall behind foreign countries. Especially in the simulation of natural gas liquefaction process, the research of our nation is a bit less. In view of research status of liquefied natural gas home and abroad and the actual demand of the industry, it is necessary for us to study and research the liquefied natural gas technology. This thesis simulates and studies the single stage mixed-refrigerant natural gas liquefaction process dynamically.
The article expounds the status and development tendency of the liquefied natural gas technology home and abroad, describes the characteristics of several natural gas liquefaction processes respectively, analyzes calculating methods of property and introduces the development history of the steady simulation and dynamical simulation of the natural gas liquefaction process, and explicates the significance of process simulation in the liquefied natural gas engineering.
The article describes the characteristics of the properties of natural gas and mixed refrigerant, introduces the calculating methods, and compares the similarities and differences of using the state equation method and the activity coefficient method respectively to calculate the properties of the natural gas and mixed refrigerant. The PR state equation is finally used to calculate the properties of the natural gas and mixed refrigerant, and its form, mixing rule and solving process are described in detail.
The article carries on a steady simulation of the single stage mixed- refrigerant natural gas liquefaction process by Aspen Plus, establishes corresponding thermodynamic models of major apparatuses in the liquefaction process such as compressor, valve, flash tank, heat exchanger. The process model is created and specifications of every module are inputted, and the steady result is acquired.
The dynamical simulation of the single stage mixed-refrigerant natural gas liquefaction process is carried on by Aspen dynamics based on the steady simulation. The dynamical model is established and the disturbing effects of the inlet temperature, pressure of the natural gas and the methane’s mole fraction in it, the inlet temperature, pressure of the mixed refrigerant and the mole fraction of methane, ethylene, propane, iso-pentane and nitrogen in it on the whole liquefaction process are simulated and analyzed.
本文首先论述了国内外天然气液化技术的现状和发展趋势,分别阐述了几种天然气液化流程的特点,介绍了国内外天然气液化流程的稳态模拟及动态模拟的发展历程,并说明了流程模拟在液化天然气工程中的意义。
本文介绍了天然气和混合制冷剂热物性的特点,分析了物性的计算方法和思路,比较了用状态方程法和活度系数法计算天然气和混合制冷剂物性的异同,确定使用Peng-Rob(PR)方程进行天然气和混合制冷剂物性的计算,并详细阐述了PR方程的形式,混合法则及求解过程。
本文采用Aspen Plus软件对单级混合制冷剂天然气液化流程进行稳态模拟,建立了天然气液化流程的模型,并对流程中的压缩机、节流阀、气液分离器、冷却器、多股流换热器等模块进行详细的参数设置,最终得到了稳态模拟的结果。
在稳态模拟的基础上,用Aspen Dynamics软件对单级混合制冷剂天然气液化流程进行动态模拟,建立了流程的动态模型,模拟并分析了天然气进换热器温度、压力、甲烷的摩尔含量以及混合制冷剂进压缩机温度、压力、混合制冷剂中的甲烷、乙烯、丙烷、异戊烷、氮气摩尔含量等参数的扰动对整个液化流程性能的影响。
The liquefied natural gas (LNG) industry is developing day by day as a new industry, and liquefied natural gas technology of our nation is also developing rapidly. Compared with foreign liquefied natural gas technology, liquefied natural gas technology of our nation starts a little later and fall behind foreign countries. Especially in the simulation of natural gas liquefaction process, the research of our nation is a bit less. In view of research status of liquefied natural gas home and abroad and the actual demand of the industry, it is necessary for us to study and research the liquefied natural gas technology. This thesis simulates and studies the single stage mixed-refrigerant natural gas liquefaction process dynamically.
The article expounds the status and development tendency of the liquefied natural gas technology home and abroad, describes the characteristics of several natural gas liquefaction processes respectively, analyzes calculating methods of property and introduces the development history of the steady simulation and dynamical simulation of the natural gas liquefaction process, and explicates the significance of process simulation in the liquefied natural gas engineering.
The article describes the characteristics of the properties of natural gas and mixed refrigerant, introduces the calculating methods, and compares the similarities and differences of using the state equation method and the activity coefficient method respectively to calculate the properties of the natural gas and mixed refrigerant. The PR state equation is finally used to calculate the properties of the natural gas and mixed refrigerant, and its form, mixing rule and solving process are described in detail.
The article carries on a steady simulation of the single stage mixed- refrigerant natural gas liquefaction process by Aspen Plus, establishes corresponding thermodynamic models of major apparatuses in the liquefaction process such as compressor, valve, flash tank, heat exchanger. The process model is created and specifications of every module are inputted, and the steady result is acquired.
The dynamical simulation of the single stage mixed-refrigerant natural gas liquefaction process is carried on by Aspen dynamics based on the steady simulation. The dynamical model is established and the disturbing effects of the inlet temperature, pressure of the natural gas and the methane’s mole fraction in it, the inlet temperature, pressure of the mixed refrigerant and the mole fraction of methane, ethylene, propane, iso-pentane and nitrogen in it on the whole liquefaction process are simulated and analyzed.
引文
1华文.二十一世纪将是天然气的时代.机电新产品导报.2001(6):130
2李铁林.天然气分离与液化设备术语讨论.天然气工业.1994 (6):68-70
3邱孝培.我国天然气勘探开发利用形式和化工利用设想.天然气化工.1996(21):12
4李遒嘉.液化天然气的国际贸易.城市煤气.1997:16
5李铁林.天然气分离与液化设备术语讨论.天然气工业.1994 (6):70-72
6程宗明,黄明珠.大力开发利用我国天然气.天然气工业.2000 (2):103-104
7 Williams M. Natural gas : a new energy era for China . LNG Journal.1999(9):21-24
8徐烈,李兆慈,张洁等.我国液化天然气的陆地储存和运输.天然气工业.2002 (3):89-91
9丁仁岭.天然气净化精制过程仿真研究.浙江大学工程硕士学位论文,2003:1-25
10 Marc Jager, Sarah Mahony, Adri van Driel.Success Factors in new LNG Plants.Hydrocarbon Engineering.2004(10):113-115
11 Gas Technology Institute. GTI World LNG Source Book 2001:5-20
12 Meher-Homji, Cyrus B. Fundamentals of the Global LNG Industry, Petro-Economist Ltd & Shell Gas & Power.2001(3):125-128
13 Colleen Taylor Sen. The World LNG Industry. Hydrocarbon Engineering.2002(4):78-82
14 Qualls, Wesley R. Eaton, Anthony P. Liquid expanders in the phillips optimized cascade LNG process. The 14th International Conference and Exhibition on Liquefied Natural Gas. 2004:1103-1109
15 Price, Brian C. Hoffart, Shawn D. Small scale LNG facility developments. 2007 AIChE Spring National Meeting. 2007:13-20
16 Tubb, Rita. The Shell PMR process for large capacity LNG trains. Pipeline and Gas Journal. 2004(7):51-52
17章兆淇.国外天然气发展的基本特点和启示.石油工业技术监督.2005(5):20-25
18杨帆,陈保东,姜文全,田娜.液化天然气技术在调峰领域的应用.油气储运.2006,25(10):26-28
19张维江,石玉美,汪荣顺.几种国外新型的小型天然气液化流程分析.低温与超导.2008,36 (5):60-63
20吴婕.多生产方案炼油过程物流仿真系统.浙江大学硕士学位论文.2007:9-12
21 George Stephanopoulos, Matthew Dyer and Orhan Karsligil. Multi-scale Modeling, Estimation and Control of Processing Systems. Computer Chemical Engineering. 1997(21):797-803
22 Motard R. L.,Shachem M.,Rosen E. M. Steady State Chemical Process Simulation. AICHE. 1975,21(3):417-436
23程宗明,黄明珠.大力开发利用我国天然气.天然气工业,2000(2):103-104
24 W. Galier,L. B. Evan,H. I. Britt,J. F. Boston and P. K. Gupta. Aspen: Advanced capabilities for modeling and simulation of industrial process computer applications to chemical engineering. ACS Symposium series 124. 1980:293-308
25章建栋,冯毅萍,荣冈.流程工业综合自动化系统的仿真技术及其应用.计算机集成制造系统.2007,13(9):1690-1699
26陆恩锡,张慧娟.化工过程模拟及相关高新技术(II)化工过程动态模拟.化工进展.2000(1):76-78
27陆恩锡,张慧娟,甄惠清.化工过程模拟及相关高新技术(III)化工过程先进控制.化工进展.2000(2):71-74
28 Shi Y.M, Wang R.S, Zhang K.M, Wang B.Q, Gu A.Z, Lu X.S. The Effect of the Parameters on the Performance of LNG Process.Cryogenics and Refrigeration-Proceedings of ICCR.2003:184-187
29 N.G. Kirillov. Analysis of Modern Natural Gas Liquefaction Technologies[J].Chemical and Petroleum Engineering.2004(7-8):401-406
30 J Gauberthier, Etal. Efficiency Simplicity and Flexibility Key Factor for LNG Peakshaving Plant.Cryogenic Processes and Equipment,2003(3):19-22
31顾安忠等.液化天然气技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2004:65-112
32张福东.中国天然气可持续发展战略研究.中国地质大学(北京)博士学位论文.2005,5:1-86
33曹文胜,鲁雪生,顾安忠,石玉美,汪荣顺.我国LNG工厂的生产流程介绍.天然气工业.2005,25(5):100-102
34丁春香,郭宗善.我国LNG产业的现状与发展趋势.石油化工技术与经济.2008,24(5):7-9
35路浩宇.气体分馏装置的动态模拟.北京化工大学硕士学位论文.2008,6:1-63
36朱开宏等.化工过程流程模拟.北京:中国石化出版社,1993:20-33
37冯霄.化工节能原理与技术.北京:化学工业出版社,2004:42-49
38高建保.轻烃回收装置的操作参数优化模型.石油与天然气化工.1998,27(1):31-34
39刘新伟,李海国,刘芙蓉.天然气液化模拟及其工艺技术.天然气工业.1999,19 (1):97-100
40顾安忠等.液化天然气技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2004:8-10
41陈则韶.高等工程热力学.北京:高等教育出版社,2008:10-53
42牛亚楠.多元混合制冷剂小型天然气液化装置的模拟研究.同济大学硕士学位论文.2007,3:1-90
43 Marten F L, Hamielec A E. J App Polym Sci.1982(27):489-505
44 Talmini G.J. Polymer Sci, Part A-2:Poly Phys.1986,4(3):535-537
45 A.H.Abdel-Alim, Hamielec A E.J App Polym Sci.1972(16):783-792
46戚一文,方云进.物性估算在ASPEN PLUS软件中的应用.浙江化工.2007(01):1-2
47 Aspen Plus User Guide 11.1. Aspen Tech.:1-57
48王钦明.基于POLYMER PLUS的丙烯腈聚合反应的建模与仿真研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文.2007,7:1-48
49 Aspen Dynamics User Guide. Aspen Tech: 1-46
2李铁林.天然气分离与液化设备术语讨论.天然气工业.1994 (6):68-70
3邱孝培.我国天然气勘探开发利用形式和化工利用设想.天然气化工.1996(21):12
4李遒嘉.液化天然气的国际贸易.城市煤气.1997:16
5李铁林.天然气分离与液化设备术语讨论.天然气工业.1994 (6):70-72
6程宗明,黄明珠.大力开发利用我国天然气.天然气工业.2000 (2):103-104
7 Williams M. Natural gas : a new energy era for China . LNG Journal.1999(9):21-24
8徐烈,李兆慈,张洁等.我国液化天然气的陆地储存和运输.天然气工业.2002 (3):89-91
9丁仁岭.天然气净化精制过程仿真研究.浙江大学工程硕士学位论文,2003:1-25
10 Marc Jager, Sarah Mahony, Adri van Driel.Success Factors in new LNG Plants.Hydrocarbon Engineering.2004(10):113-115
11 Gas Technology Institute. GTI World LNG Source Book 2001:5-20
12 Meher-Homji, Cyrus B. Fundamentals of the Global LNG Industry, Petro-Economist Ltd & Shell Gas & Power.2001(3):125-128
13 Colleen Taylor Sen. The World LNG Industry. Hydrocarbon Engineering.2002(4):78-82
14 Qualls, Wesley R. Eaton, Anthony P. Liquid expanders in the phillips optimized cascade LNG process. The 14th International Conference and Exhibition on Liquefied Natural Gas. 2004:1103-1109
15 Price, Brian C. Hoffart, Shawn D. Small scale LNG facility developments. 2007 AIChE Spring National Meeting. 2007:13-20
16 Tubb, Rita. The Shell PMR process for large capacity LNG trains. Pipeline and Gas Journal. 2004(7):51-52
17章兆淇.国外天然气发展的基本特点和启示.石油工业技术监督.2005(5):20-25
18杨帆,陈保东,姜文全,田娜.液化天然气技术在调峰领域的应用.油气储运.2006,25(10):26-28
19张维江,石玉美,汪荣顺.几种国外新型的小型天然气液化流程分析.低温与超导.2008,36 (5):60-63
20吴婕.多生产方案炼油过程物流仿真系统.浙江大学硕士学位论文.2007:9-12
21 George Stephanopoulos, Matthew Dyer and Orhan Karsligil. Multi-scale Modeling, Estimation and Control of Processing Systems. Computer Chemical Engineering. 1997(21):797-803
22 Motard R. L.,Shachem M.,Rosen E. M. Steady State Chemical Process Simulation. AICHE. 1975,21(3):417-436
23程宗明,黄明珠.大力开发利用我国天然气.天然气工业,2000(2):103-104
24 W. Galier,L. B. Evan,H. I. Britt,J. F. Boston and P. K. Gupta. Aspen: Advanced capabilities for modeling and simulation of industrial process computer applications to chemical engineering. ACS Symposium series 124. 1980:293-308
25章建栋,冯毅萍,荣冈.流程工业综合自动化系统的仿真技术及其应用.计算机集成制造系统.2007,13(9):1690-1699
26陆恩锡,张慧娟.化工过程模拟及相关高新技术(II)化工过程动态模拟.化工进展.2000(1):76-78
27陆恩锡,张慧娟,甄惠清.化工过程模拟及相关高新技术(III)化工过程先进控制.化工进展.2000(2):71-74
28 Shi Y.M, Wang R.S, Zhang K.M, Wang B.Q, Gu A.Z, Lu X.S. The Effect of the Parameters on the Performance of LNG Process.Cryogenics and Refrigeration-Proceedings of ICCR.2003:184-187
29 N.G. Kirillov. Analysis of Modern Natural Gas Liquefaction Technologies[J].Chemical and Petroleum Engineering.2004(7-8):401-406
30 J Gauberthier, Etal. Efficiency Simplicity and Flexibility Key Factor for LNG Peakshaving Plant.Cryogenic Processes and Equipment,2003(3):19-22
31顾安忠等.液化天然气技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2004:65-112
32张福东.中国天然气可持续发展战略研究.中国地质大学(北京)博士学位论文.2005,5:1-86
33曹文胜,鲁雪生,顾安忠,石玉美,汪荣顺.我国LNG工厂的生产流程介绍.天然气工业.2005,25(5):100-102
34丁春香,郭宗善.我国LNG产业的现状与发展趋势.石油化工技术与经济.2008,24(5):7-9
35路浩宇.气体分馏装置的动态模拟.北京化工大学硕士学位论文.2008,6:1-63
36朱开宏等.化工过程流程模拟.北京:中国石化出版社,1993:20-33
37冯霄.化工节能原理与技术.北京:化学工业出版社,2004:42-49
38高建保.轻烃回收装置的操作参数优化模型.石油与天然气化工.1998,27(1):31-34
39刘新伟,李海国,刘芙蓉.天然气液化模拟及其工艺技术.天然气工业.1999,19 (1):97-100
40顾安忠等.液化天然气技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2004:8-10
41陈则韶.高等工程热力学.北京:高等教育出版社,2008:10-53
42牛亚楠.多元混合制冷剂小型天然气液化装置的模拟研究.同济大学硕士学位论文.2007,3:1-90
43 Marten F L, Hamielec A E. J App Polym Sci.1982(27):489-505
44 Talmini G.J. Polymer Sci, Part A-2:Poly Phys.1986,4(3):535-537
45 A.H.Abdel-Alim, Hamielec A E.J App Polym Sci.1972(16):783-792
46戚一文,方云进.物性估算在ASPEN PLUS软件中的应用.浙江化工.2007(01):1-2
47 Aspen Plus User Guide 11.1. Aspen Tech.:1-57
48王钦明.基于POLYMER PLUS的丙烯腈聚合反应的建模与仿真研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文.2007,7:1-48
49 Aspen Dynamics User Guide. Aspen Tech: 1-46