贵州省新型城市化发展战略模式研究
摘要
摘要：自改革开放以来,我国城市化进程明显增快。特别是在十八届三中全会以及2013年12月中央城镇化工作会议后,我国城市化建设要求将进一步提高,党中央依据实现历史性发展的新形势、可持续发展的新要求以及居民生活质量提高的新内涵,提出了实现新型城市化发展的新目标。贵州省地处我国西南部,目前城市化率远低于全国其它省份,在城市化发展过程中,存在城市财富积累速率与民生幸福要求的不同步、城市规模快速扩张与要素集约水平的不匹配、城市规模适度控制与才人集聚的不平衡和城市物质文明建设与生态文明建设的不协调等矛盾,同时也面临着城市化动力相对于东中部各省的发展实践存在农业、工业和科技等方面动力不足的问题。因此,对贵州这样的西部省份城市化发展战略模式和实现途径进行深入研究具有重要的现实意义。
本文从城市化理论以及新型城市化发展模式的角度对贵州省新型城市化发展问题从理论与实证两方面展开了深入研究,以区域经济学、城市经济学、城市学说、城市化理论、因子分析、数据包络模型、熵值法和灰色关联度模型等理论以及实证方法为基础,从宏观、中观层面来认识、考察和分析贵州省新型城市化发展,以我国城市化发展情况和贵州省城市化发展现状为切入点,研究了包括影响因素、发展效率、发展路径、发展模式选择以及保障措施等在内的贵州省新型城市化发展的相关问题,为人们研究新型城市化问题提供了一个新的视角。
对于贵州省新型城市化发展战略模式问题,本文作了如下几个方面的研究。第一,介绍了城市与城市化的一般理论,对于城市概念、城市特征与功能、城市构成、城市经济地位与作用等城市学说等基础性理论进行了概述,并对城市发展理论、土地利用及地租理论、二元经济理论以及城市化中的公共经济学理论作了一个简单的综述,并介绍了新型城市化的发展趋势及发展模式；第二,回顾了我国城市化的发展历程,分析了我国东、中、西三大地带城市化的发展现状,介绍了我国具有代表性地区的城市化发展情况,并结合现状分析了贵州省新型城市化过程面临的问题；第三,针对贵州省城市化发展现状,构建适合贵州省实际情况的城市化发展指标体系,并利用因子分析方法进行指标选择,构建了以经济、生活、社会、环境、人口为一体的五角星形城市化综合发展水平评价体系；第四,基于五角星形城市化综合发展水平的评价指标体系,利用数据包络模型,对贵州省直辖的9个行政区划地区进行了城市化发展效率的实证研究；第五,利用灰色关联分析法、熵值法和离差法,分析了贵州13个地区新型城市化发展的模式选择。选择五种城市化发展模式中具有代表性的城市作为各种模式的标杆城市,对各类模式的优劣势进行了比较分析,并利用灰色关联分析法对各个指标在各类模式下的重要程度进行分析。然后,通过贵州省各市(州)城市化发展程度评价模型确定了贵州省各市(县)城市化的发展特征,并利用离差法比较了贵州省各市(州)与五种城市化发展模式的契合程度,发现人口转型城市化模式最适合贵阳市,而其它城市则适合地县改市城市化模式；第六,结合实证结果,针对贵州省新型城市化五方面的问题,提出了相应的新型城市化发展的对策建议,并在此基础上提出了贵州省新型城市化发展的保障措施。
ABSTRACT:China has witnessed a rapid urbanization since its introduction of reform and opening up policy. Especially since the conclusion of Third Plenary Session of the Eighteenth Central Committee of the CPC and the central urbanization work conference in December2013, the Party Central Committee has proposed to achieve the new urbanization. This new goal accords to new conditions for historical development and new imperatives of ecologically-sustainable development and improving people's living standard under higher demand of building urbanization. Guizhou, a southwestern province in China, ranks relatively low among all provinces in terms of its urbanization rate. Unbalanced equilibrium between its urban wealth accumulation speed and people's aspiration for happiness, expansion of its cities and factor intensity, material prosperity and eco-civilization level have become more evident during the process of urbanization. Compared to the central and eastern provinces, Guizhou also lacks of sufficient drive in agriculture, industry, and science and technology in its urbanization process. It is, therefore, of practical significance in probing into the urbanization development strategy and realization approach in western province such as Guizhou.
Drawing on the existing urbanization theories and new urbanization modes, this dissertation attempts to offer an in-depth exploration on issues of developing Guizhou new urbanization from both theoretical and practical perspective. Based on theories and empirical methods such as regional economics, urban economics, city theory, urbanization theory, factor analysis, data envelopment analysis(DEA) model, entropy method, grey correlation model and the situation of urbanization in China, this dissertation, by focusing on the development status of Guizhou urbanization, aims to address issues relating to Guizhou new urbanization mode such as influences, efficiency, path and mode selection of its development and safeguards so as to understand, investigate and analyze its development from macro and intermediate perspective and provides a new angle for researching issues like new urbanization.
This dissertation provides a new-type urbanization development strategy mode of Guizhou through the following factors:
First, the general theories of cities and urbanization such as the concept of city, the functions and the characters of the city, the composition of city and the economic role and effect of city are stated. A brief summarize on urban development theory, land use and rent theory, dual economic theory and urbanization in the theory of public economics, and development tendency and modes of new urbanization are also introduced. Second, by reviewing development history of urbanization in China, analyzing developing situation of its urbanization in the east, the central, and the western region and introducing typical regions, issues facing Guizhou in the process of new urbanization are researched in accordance with current situation. Third, objective schemes of Guizhou-oriented are discussed in this dissertation in terms of the urbanization status quo in Guizhou. A new evaluation index system of urbanization incorporating economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological progress in Guizhou through factorial analysis is offered. Four, based on that new evaluation index system of urbanization, an empirical research for the development efficiency of urbanization among9administrative regions directly under the provincial government through data envelopment analysis(DEA) model is carried out. Five, an empirical comparison about new urbanization level among13cities and prefectures in Guizhou in light of gray relative analysis method, entropy method and departure method is conducted; Five typical cities are chosen as benchmarking cities of different modes; a comparative analysis about strengths and weaknesses of each mode and an analysis considering importance of those modes under every index according to gray relative analysis method are provided; development characteristics of urbanization for prefectures and counties in Guizhou are defined through the urbanization evaluation mode of every prefectures and counties in Guizhou; the demographic transition mode is proved to be the best one for Guiyang(the capital of Guizhou province) and the upgrading prefectures and counties mode is suitable for other prefectures and cities in Guizhou through comparing the integrating degree between prefectures and counties in Guizhou and five new urbanization modes in view of departure method. Six, countermeasure and suggestion about accordingly new urbanization are offered by combining the empirical results and focusing on five issues of new urbanization in Guizhou. Safeguard measures of new urbanization in Guizhou are also provided on that basis.
本文从城市化理论以及新型城市化发展模式的角度对贵州省新型城市化发展问题从理论与实证两方面展开了深入研究,以区域经济学、城市经济学、城市学说、城市化理论、因子分析、数据包络模型、熵值法和灰色关联度模型等理论以及实证方法为基础,从宏观、中观层面来认识、考察和分析贵州省新型城市化发展,以我国城市化发展情况和贵州省城市化发展现状为切入点,研究了包括影响因素、发展效率、发展路径、发展模式选择以及保障措施等在内的贵州省新型城市化发展的相关问题,为人们研究新型城市化问题提供了一个新的视角。
对于贵州省新型城市化发展战略模式问题,本文作了如下几个方面的研究。第一,介绍了城市与城市化的一般理论,对于城市概念、城市特征与功能、城市构成、城市经济地位与作用等城市学说等基础性理论进行了概述,并对城市发展理论、土地利用及地租理论、二元经济理论以及城市化中的公共经济学理论作了一个简单的综述,并介绍了新型城市化的发展趋势及发展模式；第二,回顾了我国城市化的发展历程,分析了我国东、中、西三大地带城市化的发展现状,介绍了我国具有代表性地区的城市化发展情况,并结合现状分析了贵州省新型城市化过程面临的问题；第三,针对贵州省城市化发展现状,构建适合贵州省实际情况的城市化发展指标体系,并利用因子分析方法进行指标选择,构建了以经济、生活、社会、环境、人口为一体的五角星形城市化综合发展水平评价体系；第四,基于五角星形城市化综合发展水平的评价指标体系,利用数据包络模型,对贵州省直辖的9个行政区划地区进行了城市化发展效率的实证研究；第五,利用灰色关联分析法、熵值法和离差法,分析了贵州13个地区新型城市化发展的模式选择。选择五种城市化发展模式中具有代表性的城市作为各种模式的标杆城市,对各类模式的优劣势进行了比较分析,并利用灰色关联分析法对各个指标在各类模式下的重要程度进行分析。然后,通过贵州省各市(州)城市化发展程度评价模型确定了贵州省各市(县)城市化的发展特征,并利用离差法比较了贵州省各市(州)与五种城市化发展模式的契合程度,发现人口转型城市化模式最适合贵阳市,而其它城市则适合地县改市城市化模式；第六,结合实证结果,针对贵州省新型城市化五方面的问题,提出了相应的新型城市化发展的对策建议,并在此基础上提出了贵州省新型城市化发展的保障措施。
ABSTRACT:China has witnessed a rapid urbanization since its introduction of reform and opening up policy. Especially since the conclusion of Third Plenary Session of the Eighteenth Central Committee of the CPC and the central urbanization work conference in December2013, the Party Central Committee has proposed to achieve the new urbanization. This new goal accords to new conditions for historical development and new imperatives of ecologically-sustainable development and improving people's living standard under higher demand of building urbanization. Guizhou, a southwestern province in China, ranks relatively low among all provinces in terms of its urbanization rate. Unbalanced equilibrium between its urban wealth accumulation speed and people's aspiration for happiness, expansion of its cities and factor intensity, material prosperity and eco-civilization level have become more evident during the process of urbanization. Compared to the central and eastern provinces, Guizhou also lacks of sufficient drive in agriculture, industry, and science and technology in its urbanization process. It is, therefore, of practical significance in probing into the urbanization development strategy and realization approach in western province such as Guizhou.
Drawing on the existing urbanization theories and new urbanization modes, this dissertation attempts to offer an in-depth exploration on issues of developing Guizhou new urbanization from both theoretical and practical perspective. Based on theories and empirical methods such as regional economics, urban economics, city theory, urbanization theory, factor analysis, data envelopment analysis(DEA) model, entropy method, grey correlation model and the situation of urbanization in China, this dissertation, by focusing on the development status of Guizhou urbanization, aims to address issues relating to Guizhou new urbanization mode such as influences, efficiency, path and mode selection of its development and safeguards so as to understand, investigate and analyze its development from macro and intermediate perspective and provides a new angle for researching issues like new urbanization.
This dissertation provides a new-type urbanization development strategy mode of Guizhou through the following factors:
First, the general theories of cities and urbanization such as the concept of city, the functions and the characters of the city, the composition of city and the economic role and effect of city are stated. A brief summarize on urban development theory, land use and rent theory, dual economic theory and urbanization in the theory of public economics, and development tendency and modes of new urbanization are also introduced. Second, by reviewing development history of urbanization in China, analyzing developing situation of its urbanization in the east, the central, and the western region and introducing typical regions, issues facing Guizhou in the process of new urbanization are researched in accordance with current situation. Third, objective schemes of Guizhou-oriented are discussed in this dissertation in terms of the urbanization status quo in Guizhou. A new evaluation index system of urbanization incorporating economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological progress in Guizhou through factorial analysis is offered. Four, based on that new evaluation index system of urbanization, an empirical research for the development efficiency of urbanization among9administrative regions directly under the provincial government through data envelopment analysis(DEA) model is carried out. Five, an empirical comparison about new urbanization level among13cities and prefectures in Guizhou in light of gray relative analysis method, entropy method and departure method is conducted; Five typical cities are chosen as benchmarking cities of different modes; a comparative analysis about strengths and weaknesses of each mode and an analysis considering importance of those modes under every index according to gray relative analysis method are provided; development characteristics of urbanization for prefectures and counties in Guizhou are defined through the urbanization evaluation mode of every prefectures and counties in Guizhou; the demographic transition mode is proved to be the best one for Guiyang(the capital of Guizhou province) and the upgrading prefectures and counties mode is suitable for other prefectures and cities in Guizhou through comparing the integrating degree between prefectures and counties in Guizhou and five new urbanization modes in view of departure method. Six, countermeasure and suggestion about accordingly new urbanization are offered by combining the empirical results and focusing on five issues of new urbanization in Guizhou. Safeguard measures of new urbanization in Guizhou are also provided on that basis.
引文
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① 一般情况下,黑、吉、辽作为东北三省单独划分。由于东北三省经济基础好,城市化水平比较高,
其城市化发展与我国东部地区较为一致。所以,该地域城市化相关问题可参考东部地区城市化研究的相关
结论。
① http://www.china.com.cn/economic/txt/2009-11/17/content_18900943_htm
① http://library.gdut.edu.cn/webaGY/home/newsShow.aspx?Id=250&Coll:1&Col2=1.
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① 非阿基米德数(Non-Archimedean quantity)为大于0的极小值,其通常用￡表示。
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① http://news.sina.com.cn/o/2006-09-04/01239924992s.shtml
② 王吉怀：《尉迟寺史前聚落考古新成就》,源自北京大学举办的《全球化考古学的新前沿——明确中国的古代传统国际学术研讨会》,2004年5月28日。
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① J.Gottmann Megalopolis:The Urbanized Northeastern Seaboard of the United States, Economic Geography, Vol.33, No.3,1957.
② 中国城市科学研究会：《中国城市规划发展报告》(2008-2009),中国建筑工业出版社,2009年。
① 一般情况下,黑、吉、辽作为东北三省单独划分。由于东北三省经济基础好,城市化水平比较高,
其城市化发展与我国东部地区较为一致。所以,该地域城市化相关问题可参考东部地区城市化研究的相关
结论。
① http://www.china.com.cn/economic/txt/2009-11/17/content_18900943_htm
① http://library.gdut.edu.cn/webaGY/home/newsShow.aspx?Id=250&Coll:1&Col2=1.
① 《长株潭城市群崛起有望问鼎‘中国经济第五极’》,中国城市低碳经济网,2013-2-16。
① 非阿基米德数(Non-Archimedean quantity)为大于0的极小值,其通常用￡表示。
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