车用电机磁性材料性能稳定性评价技术研究及电机设计
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摘要
近年来,电动汽车工业取得了快速的发展。永磁同步电动机由于功率因数高、效率高、功率密度高等优点,逐渐受到电动汽车制造厂商的青睐。同时,NdFeB永磁材料由于其优越的磁性能成为永磁同步电动机的首选。然而,永磁同步电动机内永磁材料的性能稳定性影响着电动机的可靠性,一直是人们关注的焦点。
本文研究内容来源于国家“863”计划课题“车用电机磁性材料性能稳定性评价技术研究”(编号2006AA11A182),针对电动汽车用永磁电动机所处的恶劣环境和动态工况,对永磁材料可靠性和性能稳定性的评价技术进行研究。主要研究内容有以下几个方面:
(1)根据车用电机的使用环境设计车用电机综合环境模拟系统。用来模拟电动汽车用永磁电机的恶劣使用环境和动态工况。
(2)基于试验条件,设计一台车用永磁同步电动机,进行车用电机磁性材料的性能稳定性研究。
(3)根据车用电机的使用环境的特点,从高温、振动、腐蚀和大去磁电流等几个方面去考察车用电机磁性材料的性能稳定性。研究相应的试验方法,并对几种型号的永磁体进行试验,验证试验方法的可行性和可靠性。
(4)根据试验结果对分析评价方法进行修正,总结出完整的车用电机永磁材料可靠性和性能稳定性的分析评价方法。
In recent years, electric automobile industry has made rapid development. Permanent-magnet synchronous motors are gradually favored by electric automobile manufacturers because of their advantages such as high power factor, high efficiency, high power density, and so on. At the same time, NdFeB permanent-magnet material is the first choice of permanent-magnet synchronous motors because of its superior magnetic performance. However, the reliability of the motor is affected by the performance stability of permanent-magnet material in permanent-magnet synchronous motors.
The contents researched in this paper originated from The National "863" Project - Research on Performance Stability Evaluation Technology of Magnetic Material in Motor Vehicle (No. 2006AA11A182). Evaluation technologies of magnetic material reliability and performance stability are researched against the bad environment and dynamic working conditions. The main researched contents are given as follows:
(1) Motor vehicle integrated environmental simulation system is designed according to its operation condition.
(2) A motor vehicle permanent-magnet synchronous motor is designed based on test conditions in order to research the performance stability of the magnetic material in motor vehicle.
(3) Performance stability of magnetic material in motor vehicle is researched from several aspects such as high temperature, vibration, corrosion and big demagnetization current according to the operation conditions. Research corresponding test method. And several types of permanent magnent are tested, in order to validate feasibility and reliability of test method.
(4) Evaluation method is modified based on the test results, and complete method for analyzing reliability and performance stability of permanent-magnet material motor vehicle is summed up.
本文研究内容来源于国家“863”计划课题“车用电机磁性材料性能稳定性评价技术研究”(编号2006AA11A182),针对电动汽车用永磁电动机所处的恶劣环境和动态工况,对永磁材料可靠性和性能稳定性的评价技术进行研究。主要研究内容有以下几个方面:
(1)根据车用电机的使用环境设计车用电机综合环境模拟系统。用来模拟电动汽车用永磁电机的恶劣使用环境和动态工况。
(2)基于试验条件,设计一台车用永磁同步电动机,进行车用电机磁性材料的性能稳定性研究。
(3)根据车用电机的使用环境的特点,从高温、振动、腐蚀和大去磁电流等几个方面去考察车用电机磁性材料的性能稳定性。研究相应的试验方法,并对几种型号的永磁体进行试验,验证试验方法的可行性和可靠性。
(4)根据试验结果对分析评价方法进行修正,总结出完整的车用电机永磁材料可靠性和性能稳定性的分析评价方法。
In recent years, electric automobile industry has made rapid development. Permanent-magnet synchronous motors are gradually favored by electric automobile manufacturers because of their advantages such as high power factor, high efficiency, high power density, and so on. At the same time, NdFeB permanent-magnet material is the first choice of permanent-magnet synchronous motors because of its superior magnetic performance. However, the reliability of the motor is affected by the performance stability of permanent-magnet material in permanent-magnet synchronous motors.
The contents researched in this paper originated from The National "863" Project - Research on Performance Stability Evaluation Technology of Magnetic Material in Motor Vehicle (No. 2006AA11A182). Evaluation technologies of magnetic material reliability and performance stability are researched against the bad environment and dynamic working conditions. The main researched contents are given as follows:
(1) Motor vehicle integrated environmental simulation system is designed according to its operation condition.
(2) A motor vehicle permanent-magnet synchronous motor is designed based on test conditions in order to research the performance stability of the magnetic material in motor vehicle.
(3) Performance stability of magnetic material in motor vehicle is researched from several aspects such as high temperature, vibration, corrosion and big demagnetization current according to the operation conditions. Research corresponding test method. And several types of permanent magnent are tested, in order to validate feasibility and reliability of test method.
(4) Evaluation method is modified based on the test results, and complete method for analyzing reliability and performance stability of permanent-magnet material motor vehicle is summed up.
引文
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[2]詹宜巨,陈清泉.电动车技术发展及前景展望.电气传动,1997,(5):40-44.
[3]宋凌峰,程树康.电动车电驱动技术综述.电工技术,1999,(4):3-6.
[4]唐任远 等著.现代永磁电机理论与设计.机械工业出版社,1997.12.
[5]张丽丽.永磁交流牵引电动机弱磁特性研究及其设计.沈阳工业大学硕士论文.
[6]徐衍亮.电动汽车用永磁同步电动机及其驱动系统研究.沈阳工业大学博士学位论文.
[7]张东.混合动力电动汽车用电机的开发和系统仿真.硕士学位论文.沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2003.
[8]罗玉涛,陈统坚,沈继军.HEV6700混联式混合动力电动汽车的仿真研究.机电工程技术,2003,(1):57-60.
[9]黄苏融,张琪.混合动力汽车用高密度IPM牵引电机的设计与仿真.
[10]中国计量科学研究院磁性测量室。NIM-10000H大块稀土永磁无损检铡系统使用说明书.北京:中国计量科学研究院磁性测量室,1999.
[11]刘亚丕.德国科伦磁物理公司磁测仪简介.磁性材料及器件,2000,31(1):48-52
[12]中华人民共和国国家标准GB/T18488.2-2001:《电动汽车用电机及其控制器试验方法》.
[13]ES-10-240/LT0404型电动振动试验系统使用说明书。
[14]王秀和 等著.永磁电机.中国电力出版社,2007.8.
[15]黄越,韩雪岩,唐任远.基于Ansoft的永磁交流伺服电动机转矩波动分析.电气技术,2008,(4):15-22.
[16]林岩,姜代维,陈海玲,毕海涛.国产SH系列烧结钕铁硼永磁体的性能分析.沈阳工业大学学报,2006.10,28(5)510-512.
[17]中华人民共和国国家标准GB/T 13560-2000《烧结钕铁硼永磁材料》
[18]中华人民共和国国家标准GB/T2423.17-93:《电工电子产品基本环境试验规程试验Ka:盐雾试验方法》.
[19]陈海玲.钕铁硼永磁材料热稳定性快速检测方法的研究.沈阳工业大学硕士论文.
[20]刘亚歪.高性能永磁材料磁性测量若干问题探讨.磁性材料及器件,2006.2,37(1),29-35.
[21]中华人民共和国国家标准GB/T2423.2-2001:《电工电子产品环境试验第二部分:试验方法.试验B:高温》.
[22]吕豫湘,易健宏,彭元东,胡礼福,叶途明.烧结NdFeB系永磁材料的稳定性研究现状.材料导报,2004.1,18(1)25-28.
[23]朱明刚,李岫梅,郭朝晖,李卫.NdFeB磁材料低磁时效机理研究.物理学报,2005.12,54(12)5895-5900.
[24]A.G.Clegg I.M.Coulson G.Hilton.The stability of NdFeB magnets.New Permanent Magnet Materials and their Applications,IEE Colloquium on Publication,1989:411-412.
[25]Y.M.Du P.C.Xin L.Y.Xiao.Calculating Magnetic Force of Permanent Magnet Using Maxwell Stress Method.IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity,2000,10(1):143-146.
[26]刘荣林.永磁电动机失磁分忻.中国民航学院学报,2004.6,22,18-20.
[27]潘树明.稀土永磁材料的发展与前景.市场评述.2006,7期,16-18.
[28]张守民.NdFeB稀土永磁材料研究进展.稀土,2001.2,22(1)45-49.
[29]M.Negrea,M.Rosu.Thermal Analysis of a Large Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Different Permanent Magnet Rotor Configurations.2001(IEMDC 2001):777-781.
[30]姚云甫.钕铁硼产品磁性能的无损检测.磁性材料及器件,2001.2,55-59.
[31]M.Ward J.S.Taylor.Magnetic,mechanical and environmental properties of NdFeB magnets.Proceedings of Electrical Electronics Insulation Conference,1995,and Electrical Manufacturing & Coil Winding Conference,1995:301-302.
[32]D.C.Crew,P.G.McConmick,R.Street.Measurement of magnetic viscosity in NdFeB,IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1996,32(5):4356-4358.
[33]Chen Hailing,Jiang Daiwei,Lin Yah,Tang Renyuan.Performance Analysis for Thermal Stability of Sintered NdFeB Materials for Electrical Machines.Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Magnetic Industry(ISMI'04).2004:89-91
[34]GB/T13560-2000:烧结钕铁硼永磁材料
[35]杨眉,刘颖,涂铭旌.烧结钕铁硼永磁高性能化的关键及途径.磁性材料及器件,2001, 33(1):32-34
[36]李国建,王秀和.不同永磁材料与磁极结构在轿车永磁起动机中的对比研究.汽车电器,2000(4):10-12
[37]翁兴园.汽车电机中永磁材料的应用及其发展前景.微特电机,2003(3):38-40
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