基于物联网技术的铁路集装箱中心站堆场资源配置优化研究
|
摘要
集装箱港站作为运输链上的一个重要环节,不仅需要足够的容量来满足日益增长的货源需求,而且需要港站的管理者能够进行高效化、现代化的管理：合理配置港站物流资源,优化物流资源的流通渠道,完善物流信息的传播系统,降低物流系统的作业成本,以不断提高港站内部物流系统运作效率,从而快速响应现代物流发展的要求。铁路集装箱中心站堆场作为衔接铁路和其它交通方式的物理缓冲区,科学地配置堆场资源对合理制订装卸计划,减少集装箱停留时间,降低港站运营成本,提高港站吞吐量具有重要的意义,因此将堆场子系统作为单独的对象进行研究有其独特的重要性、必要性和实践性。
本文以铁路集装箱中心站堆场资源配置作为研究对象,首先简要地介绍了集装箱码头装卸工艺、集装箱存取策略；结合当前信息技术的发展,详细介绍了物联网技术在铁路集装箱中心站的应用方式以及物联网技术带给铁路集装箱中心站作业的新思路；运用系统化思想(系统作业均衡)来研究铁路集装箱中心站堆场的资源配置问题。从系统的、集成的角度出发,研究了铁路集装箱中心站堆场空间资源配置优化问题,为铁路集装箱中心站优化堆场作业资源配置提供了一个更为科学的视角。
其次论文针对当前堆场资源配置的研究的不足(例如到达、发送箱分别堆存；只考虑静态条件下的堆场资源配置),运用数学规划方法,构建了混堆情况下集装箱的动态堆存配置模型：首先,以均衡堆场各箱区到达、发送集装箱作业量,建立堆场各箱区到达、发送集装箱作业量均衡优化模型(堆场箱区分配模型I)；然后以站内集卡走行距离最短为目标函数,建立集装箱堆放箱位分配优化模型(堆场箱区分配模型II)。模型I在堆场各箱区能力负载率均衡的基础下,确定堆场各箱区的到达、发送集装箱作业量,模型II在模型I的结果下,确定每个集装箱的具体堆放位置。从而在堆场各箱区作业量均衡的前提下,给各集装箱分配具体堆放箱区和贝位。
最后,针对上述模型的约束特征,设计相应的自适应免疫克隆算法及ILOG软件对模型进行求解。通过实例验证了该方法能有效解决堆场资源配置问题,节约了堆场设备的作业成本,提高了堆场作业效率和利用率。对铁路集装箱中心站堆场资源配置优化提供了全新的解决思路,同时也具有十分重要的实际应用价值。
ABSTRACT:Container terminal as an important link in the transport chain, Not only need enough capacity to meet the supply needs of the growing need, but also need the container terminal managers to be efficient, modern management:the rational allocation of the logistics resources, optimization the distribution channels of logistics resources, improve the dissemination of logistics information system, reduce the operating costs of the logistics system to container terminal. Continuously improve internal logistics system operational efficiency, and to quickly respond to the requirements of the development of modern logistics. Container yard as the convergence of the physical buffer of ocean and inland transportation systems, scientific configuration yard resources on reasonable arrangements for ship loading and unloading plans to reduce the time in Container terminal, reduce operating costs, improve the through put of the has an important significance, so the yard subsystem as a separate object of study has its unique importance, necessity and practical.
This paper study on optimize the railway container terminal yard'resource assignation, first a brief introduction to the container terminal's handling technology, container access strategy, with the current development of information technology, described in detail the application of Internet of Things technology in the railway container terminal. Things technology to bring a new ideas of railway container terminal operations, the use of systematic thinking (system operating balance) to study the issue of resource assignation of railway container terminal's yard. From the point of view of system integration, railway container terminal yard's resources optimization problems, provide a more scientific perspective for optimize the yard's resources.
Secondly, the thesis focuses on the deficiencies of the current yard allocation of resources (such as import and export containers stacked separately; only consider the yard allocation of resources under static conditions, use the mathematical programming methods to construct dynamic stock piling of container in the case of mixed heap allocation model:First of all, balanced import and export yard each section box operation volume, balancing optimization model of the yard section of the operation volume of import and export containers (yard section of the distribution model I);trucks go the shortest distance as the objective function, the distribution of each group box in the yard section of the optimization model (yard section of the allocation model II). Model Ⅰ in the yard each segment capacity load balanced basis to determine the amount of each yard section of the container operations, based on the results of the model Ⅰ, model Ⅱ determine the stacking position of each container to meet all yard under the premise of a balanced amount of work allocated to the container specific stacking section and Bay.
Finally, according to the constraints of the above model characteristics, design an adaptive immune clone algorithm and ILOG software to solve the model. Examples show that this method can effectively solve the yard's resource assignation, saved the yard equipment operating cost, improve the yard operations efficiency and utilization. Not only for the Railway container terminal yard's resources optimal provide a new idea, but also has important reality value.
本文以铁路集装箱中心站堆场资源配置作为研究对象,首先简要地介绍了集装箱码头装卸工艺、集装箱存取策略；结合当前信息技术的发展,详细介绍了物联网技术在铁路集装箱中心站的应用方式以及物联网技术带给铁路集装箱中心站作业的新思路；运用系统化思想(系统作业均衡)来研究铁路集装箱中心站堆场的资源配置问题。从系统的、集成的角度出发,研究了铁路集装箱中心站堆场空间资源配置优化问题,为铁路集装箱中心站优化堆场作业资源配置提供了一个更为科学的视角。
其次论文针对当前堆场资源配置的研究的不足(例如到达、发送箱分别堆存；只考虑静态条件下的堆场资源配置),运用数学规划方法,构建了混堆情况下集装箱的动态堆存配置模型：首先,以均衡堆场各箱区到达、发送集装箱作业量,建立堆场各箱区到达、发送集装箱作业量均衡优化模型(堆场箱区分配模型I)；然后以站内集卡走行距离最短为目标函数,建立集装箱堆放箱位分配优化模型(堆场箱区分配模型II)。模型I在堆场各箱区能力负载率均衡的基础下,确定堆场各箱区的到达、发送集装箱作业量,模型II在模型I的结果下,确定每个集装箱的具体堆放位置。从而在堆场各箱区作业量均衡的前提下,给各集装箱分配具体堆放箱区和贝位。
最后,针对上述模型的约束特征,设计相应的自适应免疫克隆算法及ILOG软件对模型进行求解。通过实例验证了该方法能有效解决堆场资源配置问题,节约了堆场设备的作业成本,提高了堆场作业效率和利用率。对铁路集装箱中心站堆场资源配置优化提供了全新的解决思路,同时也具有十分重要的实际应用价值。
ABSTRACT:Container terminal as an important link in the transport chain, Not only need enough capacity to meet the supply needs of the growing need, but also need the container terminal managers to be efficient, modern management:the rational allocation of the logistics resources, optimization the distribution channels of logistics resources, improve the dissemination of logistics information system, reduce the operating costs of the logistics system to container terminal. Continuously improve internal logistics system operational efficiency, and to quickly respond to the requirements of the development of modern logistics. Container yard as the convergence of the physical buffer of ocean and inland transportation systems, scientific configuration yard resources on reasonable arrangements for ship loading and unloading plans to reduce the time in Container terminal, reduce operating costs, improve the through put of the has an important significance, so the yard subsystem as a separate object of study has its unique importance, necessity and practical.
This paper study on optimize the railway container terminal yard'resource assignation, first a brief introduction to the container terminal's handling technology, container access strategy, with the current development of information technology, described in detail the application of Internet of Things technology in the railway container terminal. Things technology to bring a new ideas of railway container terminal operations, the use of systematic thinking (system operating balance) to study the issue of resource assignation of railway container terminal's yard. From the point of view of system integration, railway container terminal yard's resources optimization problems, provide a more scientific perspective for optimize the yard's resources.
Secondly, the thesis focuses on the deficiencies of the current yard allocation of resources (such as import and export containers stacked separately; only consider the yard allocation of resources under static conditions, use the mathematical programming methods to construct dynamic stock piling of container in the case of mixed heap allocation model:First of all, balanced import and export yard each section box operation volume, balancing optimization model of the yard section of the operation volume of import and export containers (yard section of the distribution model I);trucks go the shortest distance as the objective function, the distribution of each group box in the yard section of the optimization model (yard section of the allocation model II). Model Ⅰ in the yard each segment capacity load balanced basis to determine the amount of each yard section of the container operations, based on the results of the model Ⅰ, model Ⅱ determine the stacking position of each container to meet all yard under the premise of a balanced amount of work allocated to the container specific stacking section and Bay.
Finally, according to the constraints of the above model characteristics, design an adaptive immune clone algorithm and ILOG software to solve the model. Examples show that this method can effectively solve the yard's resource assignation, saved the yard equipment operating cost, improve the yard operations efficiency and utilization. Not only for the Railway container terminal yard's resources optimal provide a new idea, but also has important reality value.
引文
[1]陈云,张华,张益平.关于我国物联网产业发展的思考和建议[J].科技管理与研究.201030(20) 104-106
[2]王光辉.我国物联网产业发展态势分析及建议[J].科技创新与生产力.2012(12)32-34
[3]孔晓波.浅析中国主要城市物联网发展现状[J].移动通信.2011,35(1)27-31
[4]熊三炉.我国发展物联网的对策和建议[J].科技管理研究所.2011,31(4) 165-168
[5]Sculli.D, and Hui, C.E.Three dimensional stacking of containers[J], OMEGA 1998.16, 585-594
[6]Y.GChung, An Animated Simulation Model for a Transtainer based Container Handling Facility[J], Master Thesis, Oregon State University,1987
[7]Y.GChang, S.U.Randhawa, E.D.McDowell, A Simulation Analysis for Transtainer-based Containel Handling Facility[J], Computers & Industrial Engineering 14/2 (1988) 113-125
[8]E.mcdowill, g.martin.dcho, west, A study of maritime container handling Oregon state university sea grant college program ads Corvallis[J], Oregon1985 97:1-10
[9]Taleb-lbrahinli, M, De.Castilho, B.Daganzo, C F, Storage space vs handling work in container terminals[J], Transportation Research B 1993,27,13-32
[10]De.Castilho. B.and.Daganzo, C.F, Handling strategies for import container at marine tenninals[J], Transportatiofi Research B,199327B:151-166
[11]Kim, K.H.Kim, H B.Segregating space allocation models for container inventories in port container terminals[J].International Journal of Production Economics 1995 59.415-423
[12]Murty.K.G.Liu, J, Wan, Y-W, Zhang, C, et al, DSS for operation in container shipping terminal[J], Wolking paper University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.2000.
[13]Kim, K.H, Park, Y.M, Ryn, K.R, Deriving decision rules to locate export containers in container yards, European Journal of Operational Research 2000 124,89-101
[14]Mrak b duinkerken. joseph j.m.evers and jaap a ottjes A simulation model for integrating quay transport and stacking policies on automated container terminals proceeding of the 15th European simulation multiconfefence 2001
[15]Peter,Preston, Erhan.Kozan 2001, An approach to determine storage locations of containers at seaport terminals[J]. Computers & Operations Research 28 (2001) 983-995
[16]JeanFrancois Cordeau et al Solving Berth Scheduling and Yard Management Problems at the Gioia Tauro Maritime Terminal 2001
[17]Ping Chen, Zhao hui Fu, Andrew Lim, the yard allocation problem[J] Eighteenth national conference OR artificial intelligence.2002 56-65
[18]Chuqian Zhang a, Jiyin Liu a, Yat-wah Wan. Storage space allocation in container terminals Transportation Research Part B 2003.37883-903
[19]Ebra, K.Bish.A multiple-crane-constrained scheduling problem in a container terminal.
European Joumal of Operational Research.2003.144 (Ⅰ) 83-107
[20]徐剑华用择箱指数法优化集装箱货场的利用效率和取箱效率[J].港站装卸.1991,72：46-5
[21]宋天威集装箱码头堆场堆码方式的研讨[J],集装箱港站.2000,8-10
[22]郝聚民,纪卓尚,林焰,混合顺序作业BAY优化模型[J].大连理工大学学报2000,40(1)：102-105
[23]郭媚.集装箱码头堆场优化管理研究：(硕士学位论文).大连：大连海事人学,2006.
[24]李建忠.集装箱港站堆场资源配置问题研究：(硕十学位论文).上海：上海海事人学,2005.
[25]周鹏飞.面向不确定环境的集装箱码头优化调度研究：(博士学位论文).人连：人连理工大学,2005.
[26]杨淑芹,张运杰,王志强.集装箱堆场问题的一个数学模型及其算法[J].人连晦事人学学报2002,28：115-117
[27]王斌.集装箱码头堆场的一种动态随机堆存方法[J].系统工程理论与实践.2007,4：147-153.
[28]Zhang C. Resource planning in container storage yard.Hong Kong University of Science and Technology.2000.
[29]计三有,高悦文.集装箱堆场减少倒箱率方法研究[J].水运工程.2006,8：53-56.
[30]Chung, Y.G, Randhawa, S.U.McDowell, E.D.A simulation analysis for a transtainer-based container handling facility, Computers & industrial Engineer.1998,914 (2):113-125
[31]Lai. K.K, lam, K, A study of container yard equipment allocation strategy in Hong Kong[J].International Journal of Modeling and Simulation 1994 14 (3):134-138
[32]Gambardella, L.M, Rizzoli, A.E, Zaffalon,, Simulation and planning of art intermodal containel terminal, Simulation[M] 1998,71 (2):107-116
[33]Kim, K. H, Kim, K.Y, An optimal muting algorithm for a transfer crane in port containerterminals[J], Transportation Science 1999,33 (1):17-33
[34]Koza, Preston.Genertic algorithm to schedule container transfer at multimodal terminals[J].International Transaction in Operational Research 1999 6:311-328
[35]L.M. Gambardella, M. Masterolillia, A.E.Rizzoli and M.Zaffai An optimization methodology for intermodal terminal management[J]. Journal of intelligent manufacturing,2002,12.521-534
[36]Bostal, NDejax P Models and Algorithms for Container Allocation Problem on Trains in a Rapid Transshipment Shunting Yard[J]. Transportation Science,1998,32:370-379.
[37]Feo.T.A, Gonzalez-Velarde J.The Intermodal Train Assignment Problem[J]. Transportation Science,1995,29:330-341.
[38]Powell.W.B, Carvalho.T.A. Real-time Optimization of Container and Flatcars for Intermodal Operations[J]. Transpotation Science,1998,32:110-126.
[39]Nozick.L.K, Morlok.E.k, A Model for Medium-term Operations Planning in an Intermodal Rail—truck Service[J]. Transportation Research Part A 1997,31:91-107.
[40]Kozan E. Increasing the Operational Efficiency of Container Terminal in Australia [J]. Journal of the Operaitonal Research Society,1997,48:151-161.
[41]Corry.P, Kozan E. An Assignment Model for Dynamic Load Planning of Intermodal Trains [J]. Computers and Operations Research,2006,33:1-17.
[42]吴铁峰,朱晓宁.集装箱海铁联运发展的方案研究[J].北京交通大学学报,2011,4(10)
[43]朱晓宁,集装箱多式联运通道的形成与运作机理分析[J].运筹与管理,2001,10(3),69-72
[44]程文明,王金诺,张质文.铁路集装箱场系统模型及动态模拟[J].铁道学报,1994,16(3)：79-83.
[45]程文明.铁路集装箱货场布局的计算机模拟[J].西南交通大学学报,1994,29 (5)：506-511.
[46]白瑞海,杨筠.铁路集装箱结点站装卸设备选型研究[J].铁道工程学报,2002,3：25-29.
[47]莫骏.铁路集装箱结点站装卸工艺及设备选型研究[J].铁道工程学报,2003,1：13-17.
[48]李宗泽.铁路集装箱结点站装卸机械选型与货场布局研究[D].硕士学位论文,成都：西南交通大学,2004.
[49]刘新.港口铁路物流系统的建模与仿真[D].硕士学位论文,上海：上海海事大学2005.
[50]盛伟.集装箱码头铁路物流系统的建模与仿真[D].工程硕十学位论文,武汉：武汉理工人学,2006.
[51]吴晓,程文明,李涛.铁路集装箱货场系统可视化仿真研究[J].起重运输机械,2006,8：45-49.
[52]梁剑,程文明,张亚军.铁路集装箱中心站大门系统优化设计[J].中国铁路,2008,12：6.8.
[53]梁剑,程文明,张敏.铁路集装箱中心站列车装卸作业的仿真研究[J].系统仿真学报,2009,21(19)：6290-6293.
[54]李东,汪定伟.基于仿真的铁路集装箱装卸策略优化[J].系统仿真学报,2009,21(11)：3188-3191.
[2]王光辉.我国物联网产业发展态势分析及建议[J].科技创新与生产力.2012(12)32-34
[3]孔晓波.浅析中国主要城市物联网发展现状[J].移动通信.2011,35(1)27-31
[4]熊三炉.我国发展物联网的对策和建议[J].科技管理研究所.2011,31(4) 165-168
[5]Sculli.D, and Hui, C.E.Three dimensional stacking of containers[J], OMEGA 1998.16, 585-594
[6]Y.GChung, An Animated Simulation Model for a Transtainer based Container Handling Facility[J], Master Thesis, Oregon State University,1987
[7]Y.GChang, S.U.Randhawa, E.D.McDowell, A Simulation Analysis for Transtainer-based Containel Handling Facility[J], Computers & Industrial Engineering 14/2 (1988) 113-125
[8]E.mcdowill, g.martin.dcho, west, A study of maritime container handling Oregon state university sea grant college program ads Corvallis[J], Oregon1985 97:1-10
[9]Taleb-lbrahinli, M, De.Castilho, B.Daganzo, C F, Storage space vs handling work in container terminals[J], Transportation Research B 1993,27,13-32
[10]De.Castilho. B.and.Daganzo, C.F, Handling strategies for import container at marine tenninals[J], Transportatiofi Research B,199327B:151-166
[11]Kim, K.H.Kim, H B.Segregating space allocation models for container inventories in port container terminals[J].International Journal of Production Economics 1995 59.415-423
[12]Murty.K.G.Liu, J, Wan, Y-W, Zhang, C, et al, DSS for operation in container shipping terminal[J], Wolking paper University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.2000.
[13]Kim, K.H, Park, Y.M, Ryn, K.R, Deriving decision rules to locate export containers in container yards, European Journal of Operational Research 2000 124,89-101
[14]Mrak b duinkerken. joseph j.m.evers and jaap a ottjes A simulation model for integrating quay transport and stacking policies on automated container terminals proceeding of the 15th European simulation multiconfefence 2001
[15]Peter,Preston, Erhan.Kozan 2001, An approach to determine storage locations of containers at seaport terminals[J]. Computers & Operations Research 28 (2001) 983-995
[16]JeanFrancois Cordeau et al Solving Berth Scheduling and Yard Management Problems at the Gioia Tauro Maritime Terminal 2001
[17]Ping Chen, Zhao hui Fu, Andrew Lim, the yard allocation problem[J] Eighteenth national conference OR artificial intelligence.2002 56-65
[18]Chuqian Zhang a, Jiyin Liu a, Yat-wah Wan. Storage space allocation in container terminals Transportation Research Part B 2003.37883-903
[19]Ebra, K.Bish.A multiple-crane-constrained scheduling problem in a container terminal.
European Joumal of Operational Research.2003.144 (Ⅰ) 83-107
[20]徐剑华用择箱指数法优化集装箱货场的利用效率和取箱效率[J].港站装卸.1991,72：46-5
[21]宋天威集装箱码头堆场堆码方式的研讨[J],集装箱港站.2000,8-10
[22]郝聚民,纪卓尚,林焰,混合顺序作业BAY优化模型[J].大连理工大学学报2000,40(1)：102-105
[23]郭媚.集装箱码头堆场优化管理研究：(硕士学位论文).大连：大连海事人学,2006.
[24]李建忠.集装箱港站堆场资源配置问题研究：(硕十学位论文).上海：上海海事人学,2005.
[25]周鹏飞.面向不确定环境的集装箱码头优化调度研究：(博士学位论文).人连：人连理工大学,2005.
[26]杨淑芹,张运杰,王志强.集装箱堆场问题的一个数学模型及其算法[J].人连晦事人学学报2002,28：115-117
[27]王斌.集装箱码头堆场的一种动态随机堆存方法[J].系统工程理论与实践.2007,4：147-153.
[28]Zhang C. Resource planning in container storage yard.Hong Kong University of Science and Technology.2000.
[29]计三有,高悦文.集装箱堆场减少倒箱率方法研究[J].水运工程.2006,8：53-56.
[30]Chung, Y.G, Randhawa, S.U.McDowell, E.D.A simulation analysis for a transtainer-based container handling facility, Computers & industrial Engineer.1998,914 (2):113-125
[31]Lai. K.K, lam, K, A study of container yard equipment allocation strategy in Hong Kong[J].International Journal of Modeling and Simulation 1994 14 (3):134-138
[32]Gambardella, L.M, Rizzoli, A.E, Zaffalon,, Simulation and planning of art intermodal containel terminal, Simulation[M] 1998,71 (2):107-116
[33]Kim, K. H, Kim, K.Y, An optimal muting algorithm for a transfer crane in port containerterminals[J], Transportation Science 1999,33 (1):17-33
[34]Koza, Preston.Genertic algorithm to schedule container transfer at multimodal terminals[J].International Transaction in Operational Research 1999 6:311-328
[35]L.M. Gambardella, M. Masterolillia, A.E.Rizzoli and M.Zaffai An optimization methodology for intermodal terminal management[J]. Journal of intelligent manufacturing,2002,12.521-534
[36]Bostal, NDejax P Models and Algorithms for Container Allocation Problem on Trains in a Rapid Transshipment Shunting Yard[J]. Transportation Science,1998,32:370-379.
[37]Feo.T.A, Gonzalez-Velarde J.The Intermodal Train Assignment Problem[J]. Transportation Science,1995,29:330-341.
[38]Powell.W.B, Carvalho.T.A. Real-time Optimization of Container and Flatcars for Intermodal Operations[J]. Transpotation Science,1998,32:110-126.
[39]Nozick.L.K, Morlok.E.k, A Model for Medium-term Operations Planning in an Intermodal Rail—truck Service[J]. Transportation Research Part A 1997,31:91-107.
[40]Kozan E. Increasing the Operational Efficiency of Container Terminal in Australia [J]. Journal of the Operaitonal Research Society,1997,48:151-161.
[41]Corry.P, Kozan E. An Assignment Model for Dynamic Load Planning of Intermodal Trains [J]. Computers and Operations Research,2006,33:1-17.
[42]吴铁峰,朱晓宁.集装箱海铁联运发展的方案研究[J].北京交通大学学报,2011,4(10)
[43]朱晓宁,集装箱多式联运通道的形成与运作机理分析[J].运筹与管理,2001,10(3),69-72
[44]程文明,王金诺,张质文.铁路集装箱场系统模型及动态模拟[J].铁道学报,1994,16(3)：79-83.
[45]程文明.铁路集装箱货场布局的计算机模拟[J].西南交通大学学报,1994,29 (5)：506-511.
[46]白瑞海,杨筠.铁路集装箱结点站装卸设备选型研究[J].铁道工程学报,2002,3：25-29.
[47]莫骏.铁路集装箱结点站装卸工艺及设备选型研究[J].铁道工程学报,2003,1：13-17.
[48]李宗泽.铁路集装箱结点站装卸机械选型与货场布局研究[D].硕士学位论文,成都：西南交通大学,2004.
[49]刘新.港口铁路物流系统的建模与仿真[D].硕士学位论文,上海：上海海事大学2005.
[50]盛伟.集装箱码头铁路物流系统的建模与仿真[D].工程硕十学位论文,武汉：武汉理工人学,2006.
[51]吴晓,程文明,李涛.铁路集装箱货场系统可视化仿真研究[J].起重运输机械,2006,8：45-49.
[52]梁剑,程文明,张亚军.铁路集装箱中心站大门系统优化设计[J].中国铁路,2008,12：6.8.
[53]梁剑,程文明,张敏.铁路集装箱中心站列车装卸作业的仿真研究[J].系统仿真学报,2009,21(19)：6290-6293.
[54]李东,汪定伟.基于仿真的铁路集装箱装卸策略优化[J].系统仿真学报,2009,21(11)：3188-3191.