锥形螺旋叶轮血泵流场数值计算与分析
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摘要
心血管疾病已成为导致人类死亡的主要原因。由于心脏供体的数量极少,不能够满足重危心脏病患者的移植,提出了左心室辅助装置。左心室辅助装置的主体是血泵,它能够将左心的血液引流到泵内再注入到主动脉系统,起到部分或完全代替自然心脏的功能,维持正常的人体血液循环。血泵研究主要采用CFD技术,仅通过计算机仿真优化就可以得到较为理想的血泵模型,大大节省因开发物理样机而花费的财力和时间。本文利用CFD技术设计并计算锥形螺旋叶轮血泵,在满足人体生理需求的基础上,采用改变导叶、变化泵体锥度和出入口锥能改善流动滞止和速度环流。
(1)详细综述了国内外人工血泵及其CFD仿真的研究现状,根据目前血泵存在的问题及发展趋势,利用PROE设计了泵体为锥形结构,具有两个头数的螺旋叶片,加之以流线型导流叶片的血泵。数值模拟采用全流道的方案。
(2)分析了CFD模拟过程中所用到的模型及数值计算方法。采用k-ε双方程的湍流模型、N-S方程的数值解法、给定变量的差分格式、定子和转子之间采用混合面法,来对锥形螺旋叶轮血泵流场进行计算和求解。
(3)运用三维软件进行泵的螺旋叶片、导叶这些复杂曲面的设计。将血泵在CFD前处理软件GAMBIT中进行处理,剖分出利于数值计算的四面体非结构化网格。把网格导入FLUENT中设定流体的参数和设置定转子的转动,最终实现血泵流场的数值模拟。
(4)分解了血泵的每一个参数来进行血泵流场的优化,在上百个分析结果中发现导流叶片、出入口锥、血泵锥度及泵体体积对血泵的流场起到关键作用。提出了变化泵体体积、流线形导叶、锐化出入口锥的优化方案。设计出满足生理需求的人工血泵。着重探讨因锥度变化而引起的转速、压强和流量三者之间的关系,给出了关系曲线和拟和方程。
Terminal congestive cardiomyopathy has become the leading cause of death. The shortage in donor hearts can not meet the need of patients who have terminal congestive cardiomyopathy. It has led to the development of long term left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) systems. Key part of LVAD is blood pump, blood pump can lead blood flow into pump from left heart and inject into artery. Blood pump can replace heart partly or even entirely to keep blood circle. CFD is used to study blood pump. Simulation and computer’s optimization can get reasonable blood pump, spend much too less cycle time and spend than prototype blood pump. In this thesis, CFD designs and computes Conical spiral impeller blood pump. Designs a blood pump that supply suitable flux and pressure to human body. Based on this kind of blood pump, optimized the structure of blood pump uses better guide leaf, reasonable blood prick and peak outlet and inlet. This blood pump has less stop range and unconspicuous circumfluence.
(1)Blood pump and CFD stimulation were introduced. According to the development and problems of blood pump, designs a Conical spiral impeller blood pump. It has two heads, streamline guide lamina. Stimulates flow field of total blood pump.
(2)Analyses models and numerical value methods at the process of stimulation. Computation and solver can take k-εtwo equations model、numerical value methods of N-S equation、define boundary conditions、mixing plane to simulate the relation of stator and rotate.
(3)Three-dimension software to designed spiral impeller and guide lamina. Pro-processor GAMBIT set model conditions and mesh volume. Grid should be TGid and unstructured grid. Set materials and rotate to calculate flow field of blood pump by FLUENT.
(4)Change every details and parameter to optimize blood pump. Guide lamina、wimble of outlet and inlet、wimble degree of blood pump、volume of blood pump are crucial parts among hundreds of simulations. The way to optimization is to change volume, streamline guide lamina and peak wimble degree of blood pump. This kind of blood pump meets the need of human body. With the changing of wimble degree, the relation among rotate speed, pressure and flux are leading discussion. Relation curves and equations were given.
(1)详细综述了国内外人工血泵及其CFD仿真的研究现状,根据目前血泵存在的问题及发展趋势,利用PROE设计了泵体为锥形结构,具有两个头数的螺旋叶片,加之以流线型导流叶片的血泵。数值模拟采用全流道的方案。
(2)分析了CFD模拟过程中所用到的模型及数值计算方法。采用k-ε双方程的湍流模型、N-S方程的数值解法、给定变量的差分格式、定子和转子之间采用混合面法,来对锥形螺旋叶轮血泵流场进行计算和求解。
(3)运用三维软件进行泵的螺旋叶片、导叶这些复杂曲面的设计。将血泵在CFD前处理软件GAMBIT中进行处理,剖分出利于数值计算的四面体非结构化网格。把网格导入FLUENT中设定流体的参数和设置定转子的转动,最终实现血泵流场的数值模拟。
(4)分解了血泵的每一个参数来进行血泵流场的优化,在上百个分析结果中发现导流叶片、出入口锥、血泵锥度及泵体体积对血泵的流场起到关键作用。提出了变化泵体体积、流线形导叶、锐化出入口锥的优化方案。设计出满足生理需求的人工血泵。着重探讨因锥度变化而引起的转速、压强和流量三者之间的关系,给出了关系曲线和拟和方程。
Terminal congestive cardiomyopathy has become the leading cause of death. The shortage in donor hearts can not meet the need of patients who have terminal congestive cardiomyopathy. It has led to the development of long term left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) systems. Key part of LVAD is blood pump, blood pump can lead blood flow into pump from left heart and inject into artery. Blood pump can replace heart partly or even entirely to keep blood circle. CFD is used to study blood pump. Simulation and computer’s optimization can get reasonable blood pump, spend much too less cycle time and spend than prototype blood pump. In this thesis, CFD designs and computes Conical spiral impeller blood pump. Designs a blood pump that supply suitable flux and pressure to human body. Based on this kind of blood pump, optimized the structure of blood pump uses better guide leaf, reasonable blood prick and peak outlet and inlet. This blood pump has less stop range and unconspicuous circumfluence.
(1)Blood pump and CFD stimulation were introduced. According to the development and problems of blood pump, designs a Conical spiral impeller blood pump. It has two heads, streamline guide lamina. Stimulates flow field of total blood pump.
(2)Analyses models and numerical value methods at the process of stimulation. Computation and solver can take k-εtwo equations model、numerical value methods of N-S equation、define boundary conditions、mixing plane to simulate the relation of stator and rotate.
(3)Three-dimension software to designed spiral impeller and guide lamina. Pro-processor GAMBIT set model conditions and mesh volume. Grid should be TGid and unstructured grid. Set materials and rotate to calculate flow field of blood pump by FLUENT.
(4)Change every details and parameter to optimize blood pump. Guide lamina、wimble of outlet and inlet、wimble degree of blood pump、volume of blood pump are crucial parts among hundreds of simulations. The way to optimization is to change volume, streamline guide lamina and peak wimble degree of blood pump. This kind of blood pump meets the need of human body. With the changing of wimble degree, the relation among rotate speed, pressure and flux are leading discussion. Relation curves and equations were given.
引文
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8 Johnston GG, Hammill FS, Johensen KH, etc. Prolonged Pulsatile and Nonpulsatile LV Bypass with a Centrifugal Pump. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs,1976:467-474
9 Nosé Y, Kawahito K, Nakazawa T. Can We Develop a Nonpulsatile Permanent Rotary Blood Pump ?Yes,We Can. Artif Organs,1996:467-474
10 Golding LR, Harasaki H. Use of Centrifugal Pump for Temporary Left Ventricular AssistSystem, Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs,1978:93-97
11 Golding LR, Jacobs G. Chronic Nonpulsatile Blood Flow in an Alive, Awake Animal :34-day’s survival, Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs,1980:251-255
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13 Allen GS, Murray KD, Olsen DB. The Importance of Pulsatile and Nonpulsatile Flowin the Design of Blood Pumps. Artif Organs,1997,21(8):922-928
14 Weiss WJ. Recent Cmprovement in a Completely Cmplanted Ttotal Artifical Heart. ASAIO,1996, (42):342
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2 Li JR, Weng MQ. On the Development of Research in Artificial Heart. Foreign Medicine,BME,2000,23(2):103
3 Huber C H, Tozzi P, Hurni M, etc. No Drive Line, No Seal, No Bearing and Wear: Magnetics for Impeller Suspension and Flow Assessment in a New VAD. Interactive cardiovascular and Thoracic and Surgery,2004,3:336-340
4 钱坤喜,曾培,茹伟民,等.临床用叶轮式心室辅助装置的改进与完善.生物医学工程杂志, 2000, (4):461-463
5 钱坤喜,曾培,茹伟民,等.人工心脏电动叶轮血泵动物试验及临床应用.中国生物医学工程学报,1998, (3):224-227
6 钱坤喜,李洪.叶轮血泵及其体外模拟试验.江苏大学学报(自然科学版),2004, (6):521-524
7 钱坤喜,曾培,茹伟民,等.人工心脏电动叶轮血泵动物试验及临床应用.中国生物医学工程学报,1998, (3):224-227
8 Johnston GG, Hammill FS, Johensen KH, etc. Prolonged Pulsatile and Nonpulsatile LV Bypass with a Centrifugal Pump. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs,1976:467-474
9 Nosé Y, Kawahito K, Nakazawa T. Can We Develop a Nonpulsatile Permanent Rotary Blood Pump ?Yes,We Can. Artif Organs,1996:467-474
10 Golding LR, Harasaki H. Use of Centrifugal Pump for Temporary Left Ventricular AssistSystem, Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs,1978:93-97
11 Golding LR, Jacobs G. Chronic Nonpulsatile Blood Flow in an Alive, Awake Animal :34-day’s survival, Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs,1980:251-255
12 Yada I, Golding LR. Physiopathological Studies of Nonpulsatile Blood Flow in Chronic Models, Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs,1983:520-525
13 Allen GS, Murray KD, Olsen DB. The Importance of Pulsatile and Nonpulsatile Flowin the Design of Blood Pumps. Artif Organs,1997,21(8):922-928
14 Weiss WJ. Recent Cmprovement in a Completely Cmplanted Ttotal Artifical Heart. ASAIO,1996, (42):342
15 陈 正 龙 , 丁 皓 . 关 于 人 工 心 脏 的 一 种 设 计 方 案 . 山 东 生 物 医 学 工 程 研究,2002,21(4):24-26
16 钱坤喜,金永安,皮开端,等.直线电机—气缸活塞组合式小型气动装置驱动隔膜泵辅助血液循环.北京生物医学工程,1989,8(3):169-172
17 钱坤喜,顾洪熙,林匡定,等.非脉动流血溶血叶轮血泵.中国生物医学工程学报,1989,8(4):258-264
18 钱坤喜,曾培,茹伟民,等.泵机合一的叶轮式人工心脏研究进展.江苏理工大学学报,2000,21(6):47-49
19 钱坤喜,曾培,茹伟民,等.耐久性及永久性叶轮血泵研究的新进展.江苏理工大学学 报,2002,23(1):34-43
20 钱坤喜,曾培,茹伟民,等.永久性可植入式搏动流叶轮型人工心脏的探索与研究. 生物医学工程杂志,2001,18(1):83-84
21 钱坤喜,曾培,茹伟民,等.源磁浮人工心脏的改进型设计.生物医学工程杂志,2002,19(4):593-595
22 李国荣,胡盛寿,朱晓东,等.动力性主动脉瓣实验研究.中华物理医学与康复杂志,2000,22(3):148-150
23 赵红,李国荣,朱晓东,等.动力性主动脉瓣的远距离驱动控制研究.解剖学报,2002,33(6):627-630
24 李国荣,朱晓东,胡盛寿,等.新型左心室辅助装置动力性主动脉瓣的探索性研究. 生物医学工程杂志,1999,16(1):116-119
25 李国荣,赵红,胡盛寿,等.一种新型动脉内轴流泵—动力性主动脉瓣的流体力学特征的初步研究.中国科学,2000,30(6):593-597
26 李京悻,李国荣,朱晓东.可植入旋转式心室辅助泵的现状与展望. 生物医学工程与临床,2000,4(1):1-5
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