轮胎噪声分析评价及试验研究
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摘要
随着社会不断的发展,交通噪声问题日益突出。对轮胎噪声进行研究和控制是减少交通噪声的主要方法之一。影响轮胎噪声的因素很多,包括轮胎的结构、轮胎的花纹、轮胎的帘线材料、胎面橡胶等等。论文主要以降低轮胎花纹噪声为目的,全面系统地分析研究了低噪声轮胎花纹优化、评价、试验与分析方法。其中包括轮胎花纹噪声模型建立、低噪声轮胎花纹优化方法、轮胎噪声主客观评价方法、轮胎噪声测试系统与测试方法以及轮胎噪声的分析方法。论文的主要研成果和创新点如下：
(1)修正已有的轮胎花纹噪声仿真模型。针对原有的轮胎花纹噪声模型不适合大块花纹仿真分析这一问题,引入双声源发声机理,利用双声源的声场辐射特性对原有的轮胎花纹发声物理实验模型进行修正。修正的结果表明修改后的模型提高了大块花纹仿真谱与实测谱的符合程度。
(2)建立了一套完整的轮胎噪声主客观评价体系。针对轮胎噪声特点,设计了描述轮胎噪声客观评价的客观参量和主观评价的评价因子,以弥补传统的A声级和1/3倍频程不能提供足够轮胎噪声信息的缺点,另外设计实施了轮胎噪声主观评价实验。为了节约主观评价成本,还提出采用客观参量拟合主观评价因子方法的对轮胎噪声进行模糊综合评判。结果表明这种拟合方法的评价结果和主观评价一致。
(3)提出并采用了自适应免疫遗传算法(AIGA)对轮胎花纹节距参数优化分析。在前述轮胎噪声模型的基础上,以轮胎噪声的综合评价指标为目标函数,对比了遗传算法(GA)、免疫遗传算法(IGA)和自适应免疫遗传算法(AIGA)对轮胎花纹节距参数的寻优过程,结果表明采用AIGA这种算法能够合理设计节距参数,有效地降低轮胎噪声,并且这种算法提高了寻优速度和全局的寻优能力,避免常规遗传算法的早熟和退化现象。
(4)自行设计制造轮胎噪声室内、室外测试系统,并对轮胎噪声进行测试分析。这两套测试系统不仅可以用来验证轮胎噪声模型,也可用来测量分析轮胎噪声,特别是对轮胎花纹噪声的对比测试分析。室外测量拖车按照JJF1147-2006进行吸声性能测试,测试结果表明拖车能满足测量要求。设计和计算了室内消声室的相关参数。利用建成系统对不同工况下的轮胎样本进行了噪声测试和研究,依据测试结果对轮胎的噪声谱进行了解读。最后对室外和室内测量的两种方法获得的数据进行了相关性分析,为这两种测量方法的测量数据分析对比提供依据。
(5)由于轮胎噪声是随节距变化的非稳态信号,因此不能仅用常规的轮胎噪声频谱分析方法,这里引入小波变换来分析轮胎花纹噪声。论文采用复morlet小波,通过调整复morlet小波函数的参数来分析由半消声室里获得的轮胎样本噪声,。分析结果表明采用小波变换用来分析轮胎噪声是合适的,并且比传统的频谱分析方法更直观,更方便找出了样本中由于轮胎节距排列不合适造成噪声值偏高这一原因。
With the continuous social development, environmental issues become more prominent. Tires as one of the main factors that generate traffic noise get more and more attention. Many factors affect the noise of the tire, including the structure of the tire, the tire pattern, the material for the cords of the tire, tread rubber and so on. The paper is mainly to reduce tire pattern noise for the purpose of comprehensive and systematic analysis of the optimization of low-noise tire pattern, evaluation, testing and analysis methods. Including tire pattern noise modeling, optimization method of low noise tire pattern, the tire noise objective and subjective evaluation method, the tire noise test system and test method, and the tire noise analysis methods.The following aspects are the main research works and innovations are as follow:
(1) The existing mathematical model of the tire pattern noise has been amended. According to the problem that the original mathematical model of the tire pattern noise analysis is vary greatly as applying to aggressive thread patterns, the dual source sound mechanism is applied. By using of the sound field sound radiation characteristics, the original pattern of sound mathematical model is amended. The amended result shows to improve the degree of compliance with the field data.
(2) A complete set of subjective and objective evaluation system of tire noise are established. For overcoming the problem that traditional A sound level and1/3octave does not provide enough information of tire noise, to design the objective parameters for objective evaluation method and the evaluation factors for subjective evaluation method, which are for describing the tire noise. And also the tire noise subjective evaluation experiment is designed. In addition, in order to save the cost of the subjective evaluation, fitting subjective evaluation factor with objective parameters method is using in the tire noise fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. The results show that the evaluation results of this fitting method and the subjective evaluation of the same.
(3) A new algorithm for the optimization analysis of tire pitch parameter is used. Based on tire noise model and regard fuzzy evaluation of tire noise as the objective function, use the adaptive immune genetic algorithm (AIGA) to optimize tire pitch parameters, which include the pitch ratio and the pitch array. The result of instance optimization of tires shows:This optimization can effectively reduce the tire noise. On the other hand, compare the optimization processes of the adaptive immune genetic algorithm (AIGA), the genetic algorithm (GA) and the immune genetic algorithm (IGA), the results show that this algorithm improves the searching speed and global optimization ability to avoid the conventional genetic algorithm precocious and degradation phenomena.
(4) Tire noise is analyzed by using own designed and established tire noise test system. Based on the full research of related tire noise measurement methods at home and abroad, indoor and outdoor test systems of the tire noise are designed and constructed respectively. The muffler and sound insulation performance of the trailer is tested in accordance with JJF1147-2006. The test results show that the trailer meet the measurement requirements. Design and calculation of the relevant parameters of the indoor anechoic chamber are employed for the indoor measurement system. Test and research the noise of tire sample under different conditions in the two established testing system. Interpret tire noise spectrum based on test results, and analyze factors affecting the noise. The correlation analysis of the data obtained by the two methods of outdoor and indoor measurements is made finally, which can provide the basis for data comparison for these two measurement methods.
(5) As tire noise signal changing with the tire pitch is a non-stationary signal, which is not fitted to use the conventional tire noise spectral analysis method, wavelet transform is introduced to analyze the tire pattern noise in this paper. The complex morlet wavelet is adopted, by adjusting the complex parameters of morlet wavelet function to analyze the tire samples of noise obtained by the semi-anechoic chamber, in order to study the factors that affect tire noise, to identify the reasons for the large sample noise. From the results, the wavelet transform is appropriate and more intuitive than conventional spectral analysis methods to analyze the tire noise. It is convenient to identify the noise value is high from sample due to the inappropriate pitch array of the tire.
(1)修正已有的轮胎花纹噪声仿真模型。针对原有的轮胎花纹噪声模型不适合大块花纹仿真分析这一问题,引入双声源发声机理,利用双声源的声场辐射特性对原有的轮胎花纹发声物理实验模型进行修正。修正的结果表明修改后的模型提高了大块花纹仿真谱与实测谱的符合程度。
(2)建立了一套完整的轮胎噪声主客观评价体系。针对轮胎噪声特点,设计了描述轮胎噪声客观评价的客观参量和主观评价的评价因子,以弥补传统的A声级和1/3倍频程不能提供足够轮胎噪声信息的缺点,另外设计实施了轮胎噪声主观评价实验。为了节约主观评价成本,还提出采用客观参量拟合主观评价因子方法的对轮胎噪声进行模糊综合评判。结果表明这种拟合方法的评价结果和主观评价一致。
(3)提出并采用了自适应免疫遗传算法(AIGA)对轮胎花纹节距参数优化分析。在前述轮胎噪声模型的基础上,以轮胎噪声的综合评价指标为目标函数,对比了遗传算法(GA)、免疫遗传算法(IGA)和自适应免疫遗传算法(AIGA)对轮胎花纹节距参数的寻优过程,结果表明采用AIGA这种算法能够合理设计节距参数,有效地降低轮胎噪声,并且这种算法提高了寻优速度和全局的寻优能力,避免常规遗传算法的早熟和退化现象。
(4)自行设计制造轮胎噪声室内、室外测试系统,并对轮胎噪声进行测试分析。这两套测试系统不仅可以用来验证轮胎噪声模型,也可用来测量分析轮胎噪声,特别是对轮胎花纹噪声的对比测试分析。室外测量拖车按照JJF1147-2006进行吸声性能测试,测试结果表明拖车能满足测量要求。设计和计算了室内消声室的相关参数。利用建成系统对不同工况下的轮胎样本进行了噪声测试和研究,依据测试结果对轮胎的噪声谱进行了解读。最后对室外和室内测量的两种方法获得的数据进行了相关性分析,为这两种测量方法的测量数据分析对比提供依据。
(5)由于轮胎噪声是随节距变化的非稳态信号,因此不能仅用常规的轮胎噪声频谱分析方法,这里引入小波变换来分析轮胎花纹噪声。论文采用复morlet小波,通过调整复morlet小波函数的参数来分析由半消声室里获得的轮胎样本噪声,。分析结果表明采用小波变换用来分析轮胎噪声是合适的,并且比传统的频谱分析方法更直观,更方便找出了样本中由于轮胎节距排列不合适造成噪声值偏高这一原因。
With the continuous social development, environmental issues become more prominent. Tires as one of the main factors that generate traffic noise get more and more attention. Many factors affect the noise of the tire, including the structure of the tire, the tire pattern, the material for the cords of the tire, tread rubber and so on. The paper is mainly to reduce tire pattern noise for the purpose of comprehensive and systematic analysis of the optimization of low-noise tire pattern, evaluation, testing and analysis methods. Including tire pattern noise modeling, optimization method of low noise tire pattern, the tire noise objective and subjective evaluation method, the tire noise test system and test method, and the tire noise analysis methods.The following aspects are the main research works and innovations are as follow:
(1) The existing mathematical model of the tire pattern noise has been amended. According to the problem that the original mathematical model of the tire pattern noise analysis is vary greatly as applying to aggressive thread patterns, the dual source sound mechanism is applied. By using of the sound field sound radiation characteristics, the original pattern of sound mathematical model is amended. The amended result shows to improve the degree of compliance with the field data.
(2) A complete set of subjective and objective evaluation system of tire noise are established. For overcoming the problem that traditional A sound level and1/3octave does not provide enough information of tire noise, to design the objective parameters for objective evaluation method and the evaluation factors for subjective evaluation method, which are for describing the tire noise. And also the tire noise subjective evaluation experiment is designed. In addition, in order to save the cost of the subjective evaluation, fitting subjective evaluation factor with objective parameters method is using in the tire noise fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. The results show that the evaluation results of this fitting method and the subjective evaluation of the same.
(3) A new algorithm for the optimization analysis of tire pitch parameter is used. Based on tire noise model and regard fuzzy evaluation of tire noise as the objective function, use the adaptive immune genetic algorithm (AIGA) to optimize tire pitch parameters, which include the pitch ratio and the pitch array. The result of instance optimization of tires shows:This optimization can effectively reduce the tire noise. On the other hand, compare the optimization processes of the adaptive immune genetic algorithm (AIGA), the genetic algorithm (GA) and the immune genetic algorithm (IGA), the results show that this algorithm improves the searching speed and global optimization ability to avoid the conventional genetic algorithm precocious and degradation phenomena.
(4) Tire noise is analyzed by using own designed and established tire noise test system. Based on the full research of related tire noise measurement methods at home and abroad, indoor and outdoor test systems of the tire noise are designed and constructed respectively. The muffler and sound insulation performance of the trailer is tested in accordance with JJF1147-2006. The test results show that the trailer meet the measurement requirements. Design and calculation of the relevant parameters of the indoor anechoic chamber are employed for the indoor measurement system. Test and research the noise of tire sample under different conditions in the two established testing system. Interpret tire noise spectrum based on test results, and analyze factors affecting the noise. The correlation analysis of the data obtained by the two methods of outdoor and indoor measurements is made finally, which can provide the basis for data comparison for these two measurement methods.
(5) As tire noise signal changing with the tire pitch is a non-stationary signal, which is not fitted to use the conventional tire noise spectral analysis method, wavelet transform is introduced to analyze the tire pattern noise in this paper. The complex morlet wavelet is adopted, by adjusting the complex parameters of morlet wavelet function to analyze the tire samples of noise obtained by the semi-anechoic chamber, in order to study the factors that affect tire noise, to identify the reasons for the large sample noise. From the results, the wavelet transform is appropriate and more intuitive than conventional spectral analysis methods to analyze the tire noise. It is convenient to identify the noise value is high from sample due to the inappropriate pitch array of the tire.
引文
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