产品族层次关联设计及其模型与方法研究
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摘要
产品族设计是近年来伴随着大规模定制的兴起而发展起来的一门新兴的技术科学,其基本思想是以产品平台为指导,针对细分市场中不同客户群的需求,进行产品平台和基于产品平台的相关系列产品变量设计,以低成本和快速开发周期满足客户的个性化需求。以往的研究,对于产品族设计中存在的层次关联现象缺少重视,忽略了参数间、模块间的主从关联关系,缺乏对各参数的协同设计研究。本文针对这一现实背景,用系统的观点和方法对产品族层次关联设计的模型与方法进行了研究。
本文的主要工作和创新点如下:
第一,基于对目前产品族设计的现状研究,针对以往的研究缺乏对产品族设计中层次关联关系的足够重视以及对相应各功能参数的协同设计的研究较少,提出了产品族层次关联设计方法。
第二,用系统科学理论的观点与方法,基于二维分析概念模型框架,揭示了产品族设计中的层次关联关系,建立了产品族二维层次模型。研究了产品族二维层次模型的分析形成过程,阐述了产品族二维层次模型的演化,揭示了产品族的动态完善过程。
第三,围绕产品族二维层次模型,具体阐述了产品族层次关联设计优化的全过程,包括产品族战略的确定、产品族二维层次模型与产品平台的形成、基于平台的产品变量设计、根据客户订单变型/配置设计。
第四,研究了产品族层次关联设计中必然涉及的几个关键问题。首先分析了产品族设计过程中的不确定性,应用模糊数学的理论,建立模糊层次优化模型,增加产品族层次关联设计的柔性。接着建立了产品族层次关联协同设计的系统框架。最后,讨论产品族层次关联设计知识支持的方法与技术。
第五,结合实例,将所研究的产品族层次关联设计的模型和方法应用于实际。
Being a nascent field of engineering design, product family design has matured rapidly in the past decade. In an effort to improve customization for today’s highly competitive global marketplace, product families and platform-based product are utilized to increase variety, shorten lead-times, and reduce costs. The key to a successful product family is the product platform from which it is derived either by adding, removing, or substituting one or more modules to the platform or by scaling the platform in one or more dimensions to target specific market niches.
In previous literatures, methods of product family design for main function parameters and correlative subordinate function parameters are adopted respectively, so that the leader-follower relationship between them and the research on cooperative design with function parameters are neglected.
Aiming at the realistic background, systemic research on model and method of the product family hierarchical connected design and development are made. The study is not only of important theory value, but also of positive reality meaning. The main work and innovation points of this paper are following:
Firstly, the deficiencies in the study on product family design are pointed out based on summarizing the current research of product family design. And a viewpoint of hierarchical connected design is proposed.
Secondly, the concept model frame of a two-dimension analytical model based on the composing levels and developed processes of product family is proposed. Based on systemic view and method, two-dimension analytical model of product family is built. How the two-dimension model is constructed and how it evolves is discussed.
Thirdly, based on two-dimension model of product family, the process of hierarchical connected design is proposed. It includes making product family strategies, constructing two-dimension model of product family, generating platform-based product variants and customization product being configured.
Fourthly, several critical problems connected with hierarchical connected design are researched. One is about uncertainty during designing product family. Based on fuzzy theory, fuzzy bi-level programming is used for optimization design. One is about how to construct the frame of collaborative design for hierarchical connected design of product families. Another is about how to integrate the two-dimension model of product family and the method of hierarchical connected design into knowledge-intensive support system.
Fifthly, the models and methods of hierarchical connected design, studied in this paper, are applied in two examples.
Finally, the total work of the paper is summarized and the vista of further research is made.
本文的主要工作和创新点如下:
第一,基于对目前产品族设计的现状研究,针对以往的研究缺乏对产品族设计中层次关联关系的足够重视以及对相应各功能参数的协同设计的研究较少,提出了产品族层次关联设计方法。
第二,用系统科学理论的观点与方法,基于二维分析概念模型框架,揭示了产品族设计中的层次关联关系,建立了产品族二维层次模型。研究了产品族二维层次模型的分析形成过程,阐述了产品族二维层次模型的演化,揭示了产品族的动态完善过程。
第三,围绕产品族二维层次模型,具体阐述了产品族层次关联设计优化的全过程,包括产品族战略的确定、产品族二维层次模型与产品平台的形成、基于平台的产品变量设计、根据客户订单变型/配置设计。
第四,研究了产品族层次关联设计中必然涉及的几个关键问题。首先分析了产品族设计过程中的不确定性,应用模糊数学的理论,建立模糊层次优化模型,增加产品族层次关联设计的柔性。接着建立了产品族层次关联协同设计的系统框架。最后,讨论产品族层次关联设计知识支持的方法与技术。
第五,结合实例,将所研究的产品族层次关联设计的模型和方法应用于实际。
Being a nascent field of engineering design, product family design has matured rapidly in the past decade. In an effort to improve customization for today’s highly competitive global marketplace, product families and platform-based product are utilized to increase variety, shorten lead-times, and reduce costs. The key to a successful product family is the product platform from which it is derived either by adding, removing, or substituting one or more modules to the platform or by scaling the platform in one or more dimensions to target specific market niches.
In previous literatures, methods of product family design for main function parameters and correlative subordinate function parameters are adopted respectively, so that the leader-follower relationship between them and the research on cooperative design with function parameters are neglected.
Aiming at the realistic background, systemic research on model and method of the product family hierarchical connected design and development are made. The study is not only of important theory value, but also of positive reality meaning. The main work and innovation points of this paper are following:
Firstly, the deficiencies in the study on product family design are pointed out based on summarizing the current research of product family design. And a viewpoint of hierarchical connected design is proposed.
Secondly, the concept model frame of a two-dimension analytical model based on the composing levels and developed processes of product family is proposed. Based on systemic view and method, two-dimension analytical model of product family is built. How the two-dimension model is constructed and how it evolves is discussed.
Thirdly, based on two-dimension model of product family, the process of hierarchical connected design is proposed. It includes making product family strategies, constructing two-dimension model of product family, generating platform-based product variants and customization product being configured.
Fourthly, several critical problems connected with hierarchical connected design are researched. One is about uncertainty during designing product family. Based on fuzzy theory, fuzzy bi-level programming is used for optimization design. One is about how to construct the frame of collaborative design for hierarchical connected design of product families. Another is about how to integrate the two-dimension model of product family and the method of hierarchical connected design into knowledge-intensive support system.
Fifthly, the models and methods of hierarchical connected design, studied in this paper, are applied in two examples.
Finally, the total work of the paper is summarized and the vista of further research is made.
引文
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