专家系统在故障诊断和质量预测方面的应用
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摘要
故障诊断技术的研究对于保障设备稳定运行，提高产品质量具有重要的意义。本文以一个实际橡胶混炼故障诊断专家系统(RMES)的构造过程作为案例，探讨了专家系统应用于故障诊断的优势和不足。本文主要做了如下工作：
(1)探讨了使用通用程序设计软件和数据库管理软件进行复杂专家系统开发的流程。弥补了传统专家系统设计工具的设计风格单一，用户界面不友好以及无法和最新的理论发展结合的缺点。
(2)探讨了应用专家系统进行故障诊断时系统的结构设计。并对各功能模块进行了详细的分析。
(3)探讨了模糊理论在知识表示和知识推导方面如何和专家系统进行有效地结合，并在RMES中应用了研究成果进行知识库和推理机的设计。
(4)在知识库的设计上，采用知识分级的方式，使知识的表达更加具有层次性和合理性。通过各个知识表中的相互约束关系保证知识的一致性。
(5)在模糊推理中用故障阀值取代了一般专家系统规则阀值，使推理输出更具有合理性。此外在推理过程中设计了良好的人机互动界面使用户在推理的过程中可以学到很多专家知识。
(6)将人工神经网络应用到知识获取领域来解决专家系统知识获取的“瓶颈问题”，并提出了全新的知识获取方式。使规则的获取对领域专家的依赖性大大减少。
(7)提出了新的自动知识调整方法，使系统在运行过程中依然可以进行微调，使知识库内容更加合理。
(8)使用本文理论设计了橡胶质量预测专家系统(RMES)并在某大型橡胶炼制企业中取得了良好的应用效果。
The research of fault diagnose technology has important significance on ensuring equipment operation stabilization and improving the product's quality. This paper uses a design process of RMES as an example and discusses the advantage and disadvantage of expert system's application on fault diagnose. The following results have been researched:
(1) Discusses the development of complex Expert System by common program develop software and database management system; The new method provides a better design style, more friendly user's interface and closer combination with the up-to-date theory than the Traditional Expert System develop tool's.
(2) Design the structure of fault diagnose expert system and analysis each function module' structure particularly.
(3) Discusses the application of fuzzy theory on expert system in the field of knowledge's express and knowledge's inference. And uses the fruit to construct the RMES's knowledge base and inference engine.
(4) Divide the knowledge to three level. The express of knowledge is more effective than the common expert system. Ensures the consistency of knowledge by design the restriction between the different knowledge table.
(5) Use the fault's valve value replace the rule's valve value in common fuzzy expert system. The inference machine's output is more reasonable, the RMES's user interface has a good information communication between user and RMES and users can learn expert's knowledge by use the system.
(6) Discusses the application of neural network on expert system in the field of knowledge acquisition. Resolve the difficulty of knowledge acquisition. And declare a new method in knowledge acquisition. The dependence of expert is reduced.
(7) Declare a new method of knowledge's auto-adjust, the knowledge can be improved when the Expert System is running.
(8) Develop the Rubber Mixing Quality Forecasting Expert System(RMES) by using this paper's theory. And has a effective application in a large Rubber factory.
(1)探讨了使用通用程序设计软件和数据库管理软件进行复杂专家系统开发的流程。弥补了传统专家系统设计工具的设计风格单一，用户界面不友好以及无法和最新的理论发展结合的缺点。
(2)探讨了应用专家系统进行故障诊断时系统的结构设计。并对各功能模块进行了详细的分析。
(3)探讨了模糊理论在知识表示和知识推导方面如何和专家系统进行有效地结合，并在RMES中应用了研究成果进行知识库和推理机的设计。
(4)在知识库的设计上，采用知识分级的方式，使知识的表达更加具有层次性和合理性。通过各个知识表中的相互约束关系保证知识的一致性。
(5)在模糊推理中用故障阀值取代了一般专家系统规则阀值，使推理输出更具有合理性。此外在推理过程中设计了良好的人机互动界面使用户在推理的过程中可以学到很多专家知识。
(6)将人工神经网络应用到知识获取领域来解决专家系统知识获取的“瓶颈问题”，并提出了全新的知识获取方式。使规则的获取对领域专家的依赖性大大减少。
(7)提出了新的自动知识调整方法，使系统在运行过程中依然可以进行微调，使知识库内容更加合理。
(8)使用本文理论设计了橡胶质量预测专家系统(RMES)并在某大型橡胶炼制企业中取得了良好的应用效果。
The research of fault diagnose technology has important significance on ensuring equipment operation stabilization and improving the product's quality. This paper uses a design process of RMES as an example and discusses the advantage and disadvantage of expert system's application on fault diagnose. The following results have been researched:
(1) Discusses the development of complex Expert System by common program develop software and database management system; The new method provides a better design style, more friendly user's interface and closer combination with the up-to-date theory than the Traditional Expert System develop tool's.
(2) Design the structure of fault diagnose expert system and analysis each function module' structure particularly.
(3) Discusses the application of fuzzy theory on expert system in the field of knowledge's express and knowledge's inference. And uses the fruit to construct the RMES's knowledge base and inference engine.
(4) Divide the knowledge to three level. The express of knowledge is more effective than the common expert system. Ensures the consistency of knowledge by design the restriction between the different knowledge table.
(5) Use the fault's valve value replace the rule's valve value in common fuzzy expert system. The inference machine's output is more reasonable, the RMES's user interface has a good information communication between user and RMES and users can learn expert's knowledge by use the system.
(6) Discusses the application of neural network on expert system in the field of knowledge acquisition. Resolve the difficulty of knowledge acquisition. And declare a new method in knowledge acquisition. The dependence of expert is reduced.
(7) Declare a new method of knowledge's auto-adjust, the knowledge can be improved when the Expert System is running.
(8) Develop the Rubber Mixing Quality Forecasting Expert System(RMES) by using this paper's theory. And has a effective application in a large Rubber factory.
引文
[1]．陈耀庭等．橡胶加工工艺[M] 北京：化学工业出版社 1982-11
[2]．孙万田，邬齐斌．密炼机的推断控制系统[J]．检测与控制装置，Vol．28，2001
[3]. Joseph Giarratano, Gary Riley. Expert Systems Principles and Programming[M]. 1998.
[4]．张海等．橡胶混炼工艺参数自动优化数学模型的研究[J]．高分子材料科学与工程，Vol．15．1999：18-21．
[5]．刘铭，时昕，姚燕南．基于数据库的电力设备故障诊断模糊专家系统的设计与实现[J]．计算机工程，Vol．27，2001：75-77．
[6]. Valenzuela-Rendón, Manuel. Reinforcement learning in the fuzzy classifier system[J]. Expert Systems with Applications, Vol. 14, 1998: 237-247.
[7]．郑秀芳，赵嘉树．橡胶工厂设备[M] 北京：化学工业出版社 1984-5
[8]. A. Lekova, D. Batanov. Self-testing and Self-Learning fuzzy expert system for technological process control[J]. Computer in Industry37(1988)135-141.
[9]. Ying-Yi Hong. A Enhanced expert system with fuzzy reasoning for line flow control in power system. Electric Power Systems Research39(1996): 1-8.
[10] Ebrahim, Rafee Fuzzy logic programming. Fuzzy Set and System 117(2001)215-230
[11] Badiru, Adedeji B., Expert Systems Applications in Engineering and Manufacturing, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, 1992.
[12] Ysang. E. C. C, Yeung, D. S. Modelling Fuzzy Production Rules with Fuzzy Expert Networks. Expert Systems with Applications volume: 13, issue 3 pp 169-178
[13] Sima, Jiri. Neural Expert Systems. Neural Networks volume: 8, issue: 2 1995 pp261-271
[14] Shouhong Wang. Neural networks in generalizing expert knowledge. Computers &Industrial Engineering. Volume: 32, lssue: 1, 1997 pp67-76
[15] Chih-chou, LingJIng, Deborah. Combining a Neural Network with a Rule-Based Expert System Approach for Short-Term Power Load Forecasting in Taiwan. Expert Systems with Applications. Volume: 13, lssue: 4, 1997 pp299-305
[16] Qian Yu, Li Xiuxi, Jiang Yanrong, Wen Yanqin. An expert system for real-time fault diagnosis of complex chemical processes. Expert Systems with Applications. Volume: 24, lssue: 4, 2003 pp425-432
[17] Tarifa. Enrique E, Scenna. Nicolas J. Fault diagnosis, direct graphs, and fuzzy logic. Compters & Chemical Engineering Volume: 21, 1997 pp S649-S654
[18] Satyanarayana T. Subramanyam G, Rao. K. V. Rama. Implementing an Expert System for Fault Diagnosis of Electronic Equipment. Engineering Applications of Artficial Intellingence. Volume: 8, lssue: 3, 1995 pp 355-364
[19] 矢田泰雄 橡胶工艺的质量保证 橡胶参考资料 第24卷第6期 1994 pp43-48
[20] Robert F．Ohm影响混炼的添加剂 橡胶参考资料 第28卷第10期 1998 pp45-50
[21] 王培义 混炼胶不合格的原因分析及处理方法 轮胎工业 第19卷第10期 1999 pp631-633
[22] 张海，贺得化，陈薇，马铁军．混炼胶的可塑性预测贺控制 合成橡胶工业 第6期 1997 pp234-236
[23] 张海 密炼机橡胶混炼工艺的进展 中国橡胶 第18卷 第4期 pp24-25
[24] 张海等 密炼机橡胶混炼工艺的瞬时功率控制法 橡胶工业 第40卷 pp348-342
[25] 张海等 提高混炼胶分散性的提高 橡胶工业 第45卷 pp229-232
[26] 孙万田，邬齐宾 橡胶混炼过程胶料粘度的在线估计 自动化仪表第22卷 第9期 2001pp4-6
[27] 袁洪芳，曾昆，蒋志农 FMS 智能故障诊断专家系统的建立与开发 自动化技术与应用 第22卷 第5期 2003
[28] 关惠玲 设备故障诊断专家系统及应用(M) 北京：机械工业出版社 2000：11
[29] 钟秉林 机械故障诊断学北京：机械工业出版社 1997．12
[30] 杨萍，吴捷 复杂系统故障诊断综述 测控技术 1998 Vol17 pp8-10
[31] 张为国 模糊控制理论与应用[M] 陕西：西北工业大学出版社 1999．10
[32] 武波 专家系统[M] 北京：北京理工大学出版社 2001．1
[33] 徐玉秀等 复杂机械故障诊断的分析和小波方法 北京：机械工业出版社 2003．3
[34] 石傅强，申炎化。机械故障诊断的分形方法 北京：冶金工业出版社 2001．3
[2]．孙万田，邬齐斌．密炼机的推断控制系统[J]．检测与控制装置，Vol．28，2001
[3]. Joseph Giarratano, Gary Riley. Expert Systems Principles and Programming[M]. 1998.
[4]．张海等．橡胶混炼工艺参数自动优化数学模型的研究[J]．高分子材料科学与工程，Vol．15．1999：18-21．
[5]．刘铭，时昕，姚燕南．基于数据库的电力设备故障诊断模糊专家系统的设计与实现[J]．计算机工程，Vol．27，2001：75-77．
[6]. Valenzuela-Rendón, Manuel. Reinforcement learning in the fuzzy classifier system[J]. Expert Systems with Applications, Vol. 14, 1998: 237-247.
[7]．郑秀芳，赵嘉树．橡胶工厂设备[M] 北京：化学工业出版社 1984-5
[8]. A. Lekova, D. Batanov. Self-testing and Self-Learning fuzzy expert system for technological process control[J]. Computer in Industry37(1988)135-141.
[9]. Ying-Yi Hong. A Enhanced expert system with fuzzy reasoning for line flow control in power system. Electric Power Systems Research39(1996): 1-8.
[10] Ebrahim, Rafee Fuzzy logic programming. Fuzzy Set and System 117(2001)215-230
[11] Badiru, Adedeji B., Expert Systems Applications in Engineering and Manufacturing, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, 1992.
[12] Ysang. E. C. C, Yeung, D. S. Modelling Fuzzy Production Rules with Fuzzy Expert Networks. Expert Systems with Applications volume: 13, issue 3 pp 169-178
[13] Sima, Jiri. Neural Expert Systems. Neural Networks volume: 8, issue: 2 1995 pp261-271
[14] Shouhong Wang. Neural networks in generalizing expert knowledge. Computers &Industrial Engineering. Volume: 32, lssue: 1, 1997 pp67-76
[15] Chih-chou, LingJIng, Deborah. Combining a Neural Network with a Rule-Based Expert System Approach for Short-Term Power Load Forecasting in Taiwan. Expert Systems with Applications. Volume: 13, lssue: 4, 1997 pp299-305
[16] Qian Yu, Li Xiuxi, Jiang Yanrong, Wen Yanqin. An expert system for real-time fault diagnosis of complex chemical processes. Expert Systems with Applications. Volume: 24, lssue: 4, 2003 pp425-432
[17] Tarifa. Enrique E, Scenna. Nicolas J. Fault diagnosis, direct graphs, and fuzzy logic. Compters & Chemical Engineering Volume: 21, 1997 pp S649-S654
[18] Satyanarayana T. Subramanyam G, Rao. K. V. Rama. Implementing an Expert System for Fault Diagnosis of Electronic Equipment. Engineering Applications of Artficial Intellingence. Volume: 8, lssue: 3, 1995 pp 355-364
[19] 矢田泰雄 橡胶工艺的质量保证 橡胶参考资料 第24卷第6期 1994 pp43-48
[20] Robert F．Ohm影响混炼的添加剂 橡胶参考资料 第28卷第10期 1998 pp45-50
[21] 王培义 混炼胶不合格的原因分析及处理方法 轮胎工业 第19卷第10期 1999 pp631-633
[22] 张海，贺得化，陈薇，马铁军．混炼胶的可塑性预测贺控制 合成橡胶工业 第6期 1997 pp234-236
[23] 张海 密炼机橡胶混炼工艺的进展 中国橡胶 第18卷 第4期 pp24-25
[24] 张海等 密炼机橡胶混炼工艺的瞬时功率控制法 橡胶工业 第40卷 pp348-342
[25] 张海等 提高混炼胶分散性的提高 橡胶工业 第45卷 pp229-232
[26] 孙万田，邬齐宾 橡胶混炼过程胶料粘度的在线估计 自动化仪表第22卷 第9期 2001pp4-6
[27] 袁洪芳，曾昆，蒋志农 FMS 智能故障诊断专家系统的建立与开发 自动化技术与应用 第22卷 第5期 2003
[28] 关惠玲 设备故障诊断专家系统及应用(M) 北京：机械工业出版社 2000：11
[29] 钟秉林 机械故障诊断学北京：机械工业出版社 1997．12
[30] 杨萍，吴捷 复杂系统故障诊断综述 测控技术 1998 Vol17 pp8-10
[31] 张为国 模糊控制理论与应用[M] 陕西：西北工业大学出版社 1999．10
[32] 武波 专家系统[M] 北京：北京理工大学出版社 2001．1
[33] 徐玉秀等 复杂机械故障诊断的分析和小波方法 北京：机械工业出版社 2003．3
[34] 石傅强，申炎化。机械故障诊断的分形方法 北京：冶金工业出版社 2001．3