天山野生杏种子萌发和抗旱生理生态学研究
|
摘要
天山野杏(Armeniaca vulgaris Lam.)是天山野果林逆温层的宝贵野生果树资源,生长在独特的自然环境下,具有较强的抗逆性。本研究以野外收集的野生苦仁杏(橙黄杏(Armeniaca vulgaris f. aurantica L. Wang et D. F. Cui.)、甜仁杏(Armeniaca vulgaris f. glyeyosma L. Wang et D. F. Cui.)种子和二年实生苗为实验材料,研究野生杏种子萌发过程中储藏物质、淀粉酶的动态变化、赤霉素对野生杏打破休眠的效应。探索不同类型的野生杏对田间自然干旱的响应机理,主要分析研究了野生杏在干旱条件下的膜完整性、叶片相对含水量、渗透调节、以及膜保护酶系统的活性变化。讨论了种子萌发与野杏田间干旱的生理生态学问题。
研究结果表明,赤霉素可以打破天山野杏的休眠,其中对甜仁杏的作用更为显著。种皮膜透性两次增加对应了种子萌发的第一相快速吸水阶段和第三相种胚突破种皮的阶段,甜仁杏和苦仁杏的种皮对赤霉素处理的响应存在较大差异。种子萌发之前子叶中可溶性糖含量显著增高,而种子萌发之后迅速下降。苦仁杏的可溶性糖含量高于甜仁杏,较高的可溶性糖含量保证了萌发的代谢供给。野杏干种子中具有一定量的α-淀粉酶和β-淀粉酶活性,萌发的种子中α-淀粉酶的活性比未萌发的种子活性高。可溶性糖含量与α-淀粉酶的活性成反比,说明可溶性糖对淀粉酶的活性有反馈抑制作用。种子萌发之前具有较高的β-淀粉酶活性,并且未受高浓度可溶性糖的抑制,萌发之后活性显著下降,推测β-淀粉酶对种子打破休眠有一定的作用。
对于二年生实生苗叶片的渗透调节和抗氧化系统的研究表明:持续干旱使叶片相对含水量下降,质膜相对渗透率先上升后下降,野生甜仁杏1号的叶片相对含水量始终比其他类型的天山野杏高。野生甜仁1号和野生苦仁2号的钾离子含量首先升高,野生甜仁2号和野生苦仁1号的钾离子含量也在40天开始升高。各类型的钠离子含量在第40天显著高于对照,之后离子作为渗透调节物质含量有所下降。有机渗透调节物质的含量在干旱胁迫20天后显著升高,升高的时间早晚不同,按照由早到晚的顺序依次是:可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、脯氨酸,但类型之间还有差异。渗透调节的有机物升高以后膜透性下降明显。
田间自然干旱植株除了受到水分胁迫外还受温度变化和空气相对湿度的影响。不同的阶段起清除H2O2作用的酶不同,干旱前期主要是CAT活性增高,干旱后期POD活性才缓慢增加到最大值,说明膜脂过氧化程度加重。持续干旱的前40天野生苦仁杏2号丙二醛含量升高的最缓慢,并在40天显著低于其他类型,说明它的膜受伤害程度最低。不同类型的野杏,适应能力也不同。综合来看,野生甜仁杏1号抗性较强,野生苦仁杏号2次之,野生甜仁杏2号的抗性最低。
Wild Apricot(Armeniaca vulgaris Lam.)is a precious resource of wild fruit trees, and resistant to the environmental stresses. In this study, we collected different types of bitter and sweet kernel wild apricot seeds (Armeniaca vulgaris f. aurantica L. Wang et D. F. Cui.; Armeniaca vulgaris f. glyeyosma L. Wang et D. F. Cui.). Study on the dynamic changes of storage material and amylase during the seed germination, as well as effect of GA on wild apricot breaking dormancy, and the drought stress resistant mechanism of two-year old seedling of wild apricot. Study conserned to leaf relative water content, cell membrane permeability, osmotic adjustment, inorganic and organic solutent, activity of antioxidases in the wild apricot under drought stress condition.
The result shows that, GA could break the seed dormancy of wild apricot. There were different responsive changes in cell membrane permeability between bitter and sweet apricot seed caot to GA treatment. Cell membrane permeability increases for two times which are firstly corresponding to the rapid water absorpsion stage and second to the phase of embryo breakthrough the seed caot during germination. Cotyledons before seed germination of soluble sugar content was significantly higher, but after the rapid decline in seed germination.There wereα-amylase andβ-amylase activity in dry seeds,α-amylase on germination seeds was haiger than no germination seeds. Soluble sugar content andα-amylase activity is inversely proportional, that showed soluble sugar on the amylase activity feedback inhibition. There was highβ-amylase acitvity in seeds before germination, andβ-amylase acitvity was unaffected by high concentrations of soluble sugar. The activity ofβ-amylase significant decline after germination . Speculate thatβ-amylase acitvity have a certain role to break the dormant seeds.
The biennial seedling leaves osmoregulation and antioxidant system studies showed that persistent drought could decrease leaves relative water content and the change trendency of membrane permeability increased at the first and decreased following. Relative water content of sweet apricot-wild 1 leaves higher than the other types of always wild. Sodium and potassium ions of sweet apricot-wild 1 and bitter wild- apricot 2 increased more rapidly in the stress. Organic osmolyte content in the late stage of drought significantly increased, but they increased at the different time following the order of soluble protein, soluble sugar proline. But there are differences between the types. Osmotic regulation of organic matter increased after the membrane permeability decreased significantly.
The water stress also was affected by changes in temperature and relative humidity of the air except drought in the field. The different enzymes afforded functions at different stages to eliminate peroxidase: CAT activity increased mainly at the early drought period but POD activity increased at the late drought period as the lipid peroxidation increase. MDA of bitter wild- apricot 2 slowly increased during drought 40 days, and in 40 days was significantly lower than other types, that showed that it hurt the least. The physiological changes of the different types of wild apricot were different. Overally, sweet apricot-wild 1 and bitter wild- apricot 2 have strong resistance sweet apricot-wild 2 has the least capacity to adapt to the environment.
研究结果表明,赤霉素可以打破天山野杏的休眠,其中对甜仁杏的作用更为显著。种皮膜透性两次增加对应了种子萌发的第一相快速吸水阶段和第三相种胚突破种皮的阶段,甜仁杏和苦仁杏的种皮对赤霉素处理的响应存在较大差异。种子萌发之前子叶中可溶性糖含量显著增高,而种子萌发之后迅速下降。苦仁杏的可溶性糖含量高于甜仁杏,较高的可溶性糖含量保证了萌发的代谢供给。野杏干种子中具有一定量的α-淀粉酶和β-淀粉酶活性,萌发的种子中α-淀粉酶的活性比未萌发的种子活性高。可溶性糖含量与α-淀粉酶的活性成反比,说明可溶性糖对淀粉酶的活性有反馈抑制作用。种子萌发之前具有较高的β-淀粉酶活性,并且未受高浓度可溶性糖的抑制,萌发之后活性显著下降,推测β-淀粉酶对种子打破休眠有一定的作用。
对于二年生实生苗叶片的渗透调节和抗氧化系统的研究表明:持续干旱使叶片相对含水量下降,质膜相对渗透率先上升后下降,野生甜仁杏1号的叶片相对含水量始终比其他类型的天山野杏高。野生甜仁1号和野生苦仁2号的钾离子含量首先升高,野生甜仁2号和野生苦仁1号的钾离子含量也在40天开始升高。各类型的钠离子含量在第40天显著高于对照,之后离子作为渗透调节物质含量有所下降。有机渗透调节物质的含量在干旱胁迫20天后显著升高,升高的时间早晚不同,按照由早到晚的顺序依次是:可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、脯氨酸,但类型之间还有差异。渗透调节的有机物升高以后膜透性下降明显。
田间自然干旱植株除了受到水分胁迫外还受温度变化和空气相对湿度的影响。不同的阶段起清除H2O2作用的酶不同,干旱前期主要是CAT活性增高,干旱后期POD活性才缓慢增加到最大值,说明膜脂过氧化程度加重。持续干旱的前40天野生苦仁杏2号丙二醛含量升高的最缓慢,并在40天显著低于其他类型,说明它的膜受伤害程度最低。不同类型的野杏,适应能力也不同。综合来看,野生甜仁杏1号抗性较强,野生苦仁杏号2次之,野生甜仁杏2号的抗性最低。
Wild Apricot(Armeniaca vulgaris Lam.)is a precious resource of wild fruit trees, and resistant to the environmental stresses. In this study, we collected different types of bitter and sweet kernel wild apricot seeds (Armeniaca vulgaris f. aurantica L. Wang et D. F. Cui.; Armeniaca vulgaris f. glyeyosma L. Wang et D. F. Cui.). Study on the dynamic changes of storage material and amylase during the seed germination, as well as effect of GA on wild apricot breaking dormancy, and the drought stress resistant mechanism of two-year old seedling of wild apricot. Study conserned to leaf relative water content, cell membrane permeability, osmotic adjustment, inorganic and organic solutent, activity of antioxidases in the wild apricot under drought stress condition.
The result shows that, GA could break the seed dormancy of wild apricot. There were different responsive changes in cell membrane permeability between bitter and sweet apricot seed caot to GA treatment. Cell membrane permeability increases for two times which are firstly corresponding to the rapid water absorpsion stage and second to the phase of embryo breakthrough the seed caot during germination. Cotyledons before seed germination of soluble sugar content was significantly higher, but after the rapid decline in seed germination.There wereα-amylase andβ-amylase activity in dry seeds,α-amylase on germination seeds was haiger than no germination seeds. Soluble sugar content andα-amylase activity is inversely proportional, that showed soluble sugar on the amylase activity feedback inhibition. There was highβ-amylase acitvity in seeds before germination, andβ-amylase acitvity was unaffected by high concentrations of soluble sugar. The activity ofβ-amylase significant decline after germination . Speculate thatβ-amylase acitvity have a certain role to break the dormant seeds.
The biennial seedling leaves osmoregulation and antioxidant system studies showed that persistent drought could decrease leaves relative water content and the change trendency of membrane permeability increased at the first and decreased following. Relative water content of sweet apricot-wild 1 leaves higher than the other types of always wild. Sodium and potassium ions of sweet apricot-wild 1 and bitter wild- apricot 2 increased more rapidly in the stress. Organic osmolyte content in the late stage of drought significantly increased, but they increased at the different time following the order of soluble protein, soluble sugar proline. But there are differences between the types. Osmotic regulation of organic matter increased after the membrane permeability decreased significantly.
The water stress also was affected by changes in temperature and relative humidity of the air except drought in the field. The different enzymes afforded functions at different stages to eliminate peroxidase: CAT activity increased mainly at the early drought period but POD activity increased at the late drought period as the lipid peroxidation increase. MDA of bitter wild- apricot 2 slowly increased during drought 40 days, and in 40 days was significantly lower than other types, that showed that it hurt the least. The physiological changes of the different types of wild apricot were different. Overally, sweet apricot-wild 1 and bitter wild- apricot 2 have strong resistance sweet apricot-wild 2 has the least capacity to adapt to the environment.
引文
1. 阎国荣,许正.天山山区野生果树资源[J].北方园艺,2001,24(136):24-27.
2. 侯冬花,萨拉木·艾尼瓦尔,海利力·库尔班,古丽博斯坦,巴图.伊犁不同类型野生杏花期冻害及坐果率研究[J] .新疆农业科学,2007,44(2):122-125.
3. Kostina K F .Application of phytogeographical method to apricot classification Moscow: Trud Nikit Bot Sad 1964, 37: 45-63.
4. Zhebentyayeva T N, Reighard G I, Gorina V M,Abbott A G. Simple sequence repeat (SSR)analysis for assessment of genetic variability in apricot gemplasm[J]. Theor Appl Genet, 2003, 106: 435-444.
5. 林培钧,崔乃然.天山野果林资源-伊犁野果林综合研究[M].北京.中国林业出版社,2004:46.
6. 热依曼·牙森,玉苏甫,阿布里提甫.新疆杏资源及其开发利用[J].新疆农业科学,2005,42(增):49-51.
7. 王磊,崔大方,林培钧,许正,赵永生,张汉斐.新疆野生杏的种下类型[J].新疆师范大学学报,(自然科学版), 1997,16(3):31-35.
8. 何天明,陈学森,张大海,徐麟,刘宁,高疆生,许正.中国普通杏种质资源若干生物学性状的频度分布[J].园艺学报,2007,34(1) :17-22.
9. 王玉柱,孙浩元,杨丽.我国杏树发展现状分析及建议[J].中国农业科技导报,2003,5(2):24-27.
10. 赵铎.新疆杏资源与生产考察[J].山西果树,2003,(3).
11. 傅立国.中国植物红皮书[M].北京:科学出版社,1992.
12. 许民宪.杏树抗旱生态生理研究初报[M].中国园艺学会年会论文摘要集,1985,11.
13. 李嘉瑞,任小林,王民柱.干旱对果树光合的影响及水分胁迫信息传递[J].干旱地区农业研究,1996,14(3):69-72.
14. 杨向娜,魏安智,杨途熙,郑元.仁用杏 3 个生理指标与抗寒性的关系研究[J].西北林学院学报,2006,21(3) :30-33.
15. 蒲光兰,袁大刚,胡学华,周兰英,邓家林,刘永红.杏树抗旱性研究.西北林学院学报[J].2005,20(3):40-43.
16. 周海燕.金昌市 4 种乔木抗旱性生理指标的研究[J].中国沙漠,1997,17 (3) :301- 303.
17. 李德全,高辉远,孟庆伟.植物生理学[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,1999,第 1 版.
18. Bewley, J.D. Seed germination and dormancy[J]. Plant Cell, 1997, 9: 1-5.
19. Crowe, J.H., and Crowe, L.M. Membrane integrity in anhydrobiotic organisms: Toward a mechanism for stabilizing dry seeds. In Water and Life, G.N. Somero, C.B. Osmond, and C.L.Bolis, eds ,Berlin: Springer-Verlag,1992:87-103.
20. 傅爱根,王爱国,罗广华.大豆萌发过程的活性氧代谢[J].热带亚热带植物学报,1997,5(4):32-38.
21. 赵玉锦,王台.水稻种子萌发过程中 α-淀粉酶与萌发速率关系的分析[J].植物学通报,2001,18(2):226-230.
22. 陆定志,施天生,陈龙飞.杂交水稻及其亲本三系种子萌发过程中淀粉酶活性与胚乳物质消长的关系[J].杂交水稻,1987 (3) :21-25.
23. Botha, F.C., Potgieter, G.P., Botha, A.-M. Respiratory metabolism and gene expression during seed germination[J]. Plant Growth Regul. 1992,11,211-224.
24. Ehrenshaft, M., Brambl, R..Respiration and mitochondrialbiogenesis in germinating embryos of maize[J]. Plant Physiol.1990,93:295-304.
25. Attucci, S., Carde, J.P., Raymond, P., Saint Gès, V., Spiteri, A., Pradet, A.. Oxidative phosphorylation by mitochondria extracted from dry sunflower seeds[J]. Plant Physiol. 1991, 95, 390-398.
26. Morohashi, Y., Bewley, J.D. Development of mitochondrial activities in pea cotyledons during and following germination of the axis[J]. Plant Physiol. 1980, 66, 70-73.
27. Morohashi, Y. Patterns of mitochondrial development in reserve tissue of germinated seeds: A survey[J]. Physiol Plant. 1986, 6: 653-658.
28. Ehrenshaft, M., Brambl, R. Respiration and mitochondrial biogenesis in germinating embryos of maize[J]. Plant Physiol. 1990, 93, 295-304.
29. Zlatanova, J.S., Ivanov, P.V., Stoilov, L.M., Chimshirova, K.V.,and Stanchev, B.S. DNA repair precedes replicative synthesis during early germination of maize. Plant Mol. Biol. 1987. 10, 139-144.
30. Osborne, D.J., Boubriak, 1.1.DNA and desiccation tolerance[J]. Seed Sci. Res.1994 , 4, 175-185.
31. Welbaum, G.E., and Bradford, K.J.. Water relations of seed development and germination in muskmelon (Cucumismelo L.).V. Water relations of imbibition and germination[J]. Plant Physiol[J]. 1990, 92, 1046-1062.
32. Bradford, K.J. Water relations in seed germination. In Seed Development and Germination, J. Kigel and G. Galili, eds (New York: Marcel Dekker), 1995, 351-396.
33. 吴沿友,吴德勇,张红萍,刘建,李国祥.大豆子叶中的碳酸酐酶活性和光合特性研究[J].河南农业科学,2007,2:43-45.
34. 王忠.植物生理学[M].北京:中国农业出版社.2000.5,第 1 版.
35. 陆定志,杨煌峰,施天生,陈龙飞.杂交水稻干种子内存在 α-淀粉酶[J].植物生理学报,1987,13 :418-421.
36. 柴家荣.不同烟草类型种子萌发期淀粉酶及糖类物质动态研究[J].种子,2006,25(10):9-12.
37. 陈禅友,刘磊.长豇豆种子萌发进程中生理生化指标动态变化[J].种子,2006,(9):30-33.
38. 刘忠华,董源,路丙社.阿月浑子种子萌发过程中贮藏物质含量的初步研究[J].种子,2002,6:28-30.
39. Dommes, J., Van de Walle, C. Polysome formation and incorporation of new ribosomes into polysomes during germinationof the embryonic axis of maize[J]. Physiol. Plant. 1990, 79, 289-296.
40.Comai, L.,and Harada, J.J. Transcriptional activities in dry seed nuclei indicate the timing of the transition from embryogeny to germination[J]. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA .1990, 87, 2671-2674.
41.Lane, B.G. Cellular desiccation and hydration: Developmentally regulated proteins, and the maturation and germination of seed embryos[J]. FASEB J. 1991, 5, 2893-2901.
42.Berry, T.A., and Bewley, J.D. A role for the surrounding fruit tissues in preventing germination of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) seeds. A consideration of the osmotic environment and abscisic acid[J]. Plant Physiol. 1992, 100, 951-957.
43.Bewley, J.D., and Marcus, A. Gene expression in seed development and germination. Prog. Nucleic Acid[J]. Res.Mol. Biol. 1990, 38,165-193.
44. Evelyn P. Biochemical changes in the rice grain during germination[J]. Plant physiol. 1972, 49:751-756.
45. Evelyn P. Palmiano and Bienvenido. Juliano.Changes in the Activity of Some Hydrolase, Peroxidase,and Catalase in the Rice Seed during Germination[J]. Plant Physiol. 1973, 52, 274-277.
46. 郝建军,康宗利.植物生理学[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005,第 1 版.
47. 白永富,卢秀萍.烟草种子萌发期间可溶性蛋白质含量与游离氨基酸含量的相关性研究[J].植物生理科学,2006,(8):286-288.
48. 潘瑞炽.植物生理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2001,第 4 版:219-221.
49. Shibuya N , Iwasaki T. Polysaccharides and glycoproteins in the rice endosperm cell wall[J] . Agric Biol Chem , 1978 , 42 : 2259-2266.
50. Reid JSG., Meier H. Enzymatic activities and galactomannan mobilization in germinating seeds of fenugreek ( Tri gonel la f oenum-graecum L. Leguminosae) . Secretion of α-galactosidase and β-mannosidase by t he aleurone layer [J]. Planta , 1973 ,112 : 301-308.
51.Edwards ME., Marshall E , Gidley M J . Transfer specificity of detergent-solubilized fenugreek galactomannanan galactosylt ransferase.[J] Plant Physiol , 2002 , 129 : 1391-1397.
52.McCleary BV , Mat heson N K. Galactomannan structure and β-mannanase and β-mannanosidase activity in germinating legume seeds[J]. Phytochemist ry , 1975 , 14 : 1187-1194.
53. Groot SPC , Rokicka B K, Vermeer E. Gibberellin-induced hydrolysis of endosperm cell walls in gibberellin-deficient tomato seeds prior to radicle prot rusion[J]. Planta , 1988 , 174 : 500-504.
54. Nonogaki H , Morohashi Y. An endo-β-mannanase develops exclusively in the micropylar endosperm of tomato seeds prior to radicle emergence[J]. Plant Physiol , 1996 , 110 : 555-559.
55. Toorop PE , Bewley JD , Hilhorst H W M. Endo-β-man-nanase isoforms are present in t he endosperm and embryo of tomato seeds , but are not essentially linked to t he completion of germination[J]. Planta , 1996 , 200 : 153-158.
56. Still D W, Dahal P , Bradford K J . A single seed assay for endo-β-mannanase activity from tomato endosperm and radicle tissues[J]. Plant Physiol , 1997 , 113 : 13-20.
57. 任艳芳,何俊瑜,王晓峰.水稻种子萌发过程中降解半乳甘露聚糖的三个酶活性的动态[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2007, 21 (3) :275-280.
58. Still D. W. and Bradford K. J.. Endo-[beta]-Mannanase Activity from Individual Tomato Endosperm Caps and Radicle Tips in Relation to Germination Rates[J]. Plant Physiol,1997, 113, 21-29.
59. 郑晓鹰, 李秀清.西瓜种子内源 β-半乳甘露聚糖酶活性与分布以及与萌发速度的关系[J].广西植物,2007,27 (3) :503-507.
60. 张东向. H2O2对水稻和玉米种子萌发的影响[J].植物生理学通讯,1996,32(2):115-117.
61. 傅家瑞.种子生理[M].北京:科学出版社,1985,344-345.
62. 刘亚萍,计巧灵,周小云.胡杨种子萌发过程中几种相关酶的活性变化[J].植物生理学通讯,2005,41(5):607-609.
63. 陈刚,王广志,刘秀丽,招启柏,宋平,王忠.不同处理对烟草种子萌发及过氧化氢酶活性的影响[J].烟草科技/ 重要研究报告,2002,175(2):11-15.
64. 高文远,李志亮,肖培根.甘草种子萌发初期过氧化物酶的研究[J].中国中药杂志,1998,23(4):212-215.
65. 郭明军,杨晓玲,张培玉,项殿芳,齐永顺.山楂种子休眠与萌发生理研究——山楂种子 POD 活性及其同工酶的变化与休眠的关系[J].河北农业技术师范学院学报,1997,11(3):25-28.
66. Vleeshouwers, L.M. Bouwmeester, H.J. Karssen, C.M. Redefining seed dormancy: an attempt to integrate physiology and ecology [J]. Ecology. 1995. 83(6):1031-1037.
67. 曹帮华,蔡春菊.银杏种子后熟生理与内源激素变化的研究[J].林业科学,2006,42(2):32-37.
68. 尹黎燕,王彩石,叶要妹,等.观赏树木体眠的研究方法[J].种子,2002(1) :45-47.
69. 王文章,陈杰,刘恩举.红松种子休眠与种皮的关系[J].东北林业大学学报,1986,(02) .
70. 叶常丰,戴心维.种子学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1994.
71. Simmands J A,Simpson GM . Incrcased participation of pentose phosphare pathway in response to afterripening and gibberelic acid treatment in caryopses of Avena fatna [J].Canadian J Botany. 1971, 49: 1843-1840.
72. Bcrlca .J D, Black M. Physiology and biochemistry of seeds. Vol.H[M]. New York: Spring-Veriag Berlin Hcidelberg,1988
73. 赵永华,刘惠卿,杨世林,刘铁城.呼吸抑制剂NaN3对西洋参种子休眠和萌发的影响及其与温度的相互作用.基层中药杂志,2000,14(4) :6-7.
74. 孔祥海.抑制物质与种子休眠[J].龙岩师专学报,2006,6:50-52.
75. 邢 勇,武月琴.种子休眠与致休眠因子[J].生物学教学,2003,28(5):7-8.
76. 李宏博,刘延吉,李天来.GA3对辽东木楤种子解除体眠中信号分子变化的影响[J].园艺学报,2006, 33 (2) :414-410.
77. 乌凤章,刘桂丰,姜静,陆天聪,王柏臣.种子萌发调控的分子机理研究进展[J].北方园艺,2008 (2):54-58.
78. Sun T P.Chbler F. Molecular mechanism of gibberellin signaling in plants[J].Annu. Rev. Plant Biology , 2004 . 55: 197-223.
79. Lee S, Cheng H. K.Wang W. Gbberellin regulates Arabidopsis seed germination via RCL2 .a GAI/ RGA-like gene whose expresaer is up-regulated following imbition[J]. Genes, 2002 , 16 : 646-658.
80. Tyler L .Thomas S G. HuJ .et al. Della proteins and gibberellircregulated seed germination and floral development in Arabidopsis [J].Plant physiol . 2004 . 135: 1008-1019.
81. Steber C M .Cooney S, McCourt P. Isolation of the GA-response mutant slyl as Stephen MS.Neit EO. Gnetic analysis of gibberellin signal transduction[J]. Plant physiol , 1996 , 112 : 11-17.
82. Dill A .Thomas S G. Hu J .et al. The Arabidopsis F-box protein sleepyl targets gibberellin signaling repressors for gibberellin-induced degradation[J]. Plant Cell .2004 .16:1392-1405.
83. 侯冬花,萨拉木·艾尼瓦尔,海利力·库尔班.种子体眠与体眠解除的研究进展[J].新疆农业科学,2007,44(3) :349-354.
84. 赵晓光.打破山桃种子体眠方法的研究[J].种子,2005,24(5):62-63.
85. 谢大森,何晓明,林毓娥,彭庆务,赫新洲.打破冬瓜种子体眠试验初报[J].广东农业科学,2002,2:18-20.
86. Larcher W. Physiological plant ecology(4th edn). Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2003.3.
87. 蒋高明 编.植物生理生态学[M].高等教育出版社,2004-12.
88. 张国平,周伟军译.植物生理生态学。浙江大学出版社,2003-5。
89. Martin C. E. , Higley M. , and WANG W.Z. Ecophysiological significance of C02-recycling via crassulacean acid metabolism in talinum calycinum engelm. (Portulacaceae)[J]. Plant Physiol.1988 ,86, 562-568.
90. Burghardt M. , Riederer M. . Ecophysiological relevance of cuticular transpiration of deciduous and evergreen plants in relation to stomatal closure and leaf water potential[J]. Experimental Botany, 2003,54: 1941-1949.
91. Giuliani R. , Flore A. J. .The effect of water shortage on potted peach trees in relation to ecophysiological parameters and infra-red thermometry[J]. Hort Science,1998,33: 443-558.
92. Michael C. F. Proctor. Comparative ecophysiological measurements on the light responses, water relations and desiccation tolerance of the filmyferns Hymenophyllum wilsonii Hook. and H. tunbrigense (L.) Smith [J]. Annals of Botany 91: 717-727.
93. 卢毅军,王华胜,葛滢,常杰.土壤水分对华荠宁光合生理生态特性影响的研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2007,15(1):67-70.
94. 彭晚霞,王克林,宋同清,曾馥平,王久荣,肖孔操.施肥结构对茶树( Camellia sinensis (L . ) Kuntze)光合作用及其生态生理因子日变化的影响[J].生态学报,2008,28(1):84-91.
95. 蒋华伟,方芳,郭水良.日本菟丝子( Cuscuta japonica)寄生对加拿大一枝黄花( Solidago canadensis)生理生态特性的影响[J].生态学报,2008,28(1):399-406.
96. 张寄阳,刘祖贵,段爱旺,孟兆江.棉花对水分胁迫及复水的生理生态响应[J].棉花学报,2006,18 (6):398-399.
97. Larry C. B., David M. R, Loren H. R., Christian L., Russell L. M., and Lisa A. D.. Genetic architecture of leaf ecophysiological [J]Helianthus. 2007, 98(2):142-146.
98. Reymond M. , Muller B., Leonardi A., Charcosset A., Tardieu F.. Combining quantitative trait loci analysis and an ecophysiological model to analyze the genetic variability of the responses of maize leaf growth to temperature and water deficit[J]. Plant Physiology, 2003, 131, 664-675.
99. 康绍忠.西北地区农业节水与水资源持续利用[M].西北农业大学农业水土工程研究所和农业部农业水土工程重点开放实验室主编.国农业出版社,1999:1-35.
100. 李凤,陈法扬.生态恢复与可持续发展[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(6):187-189.
101. 雍会.新疆绿洲生态农业经济可持续发展对策研究.中国农业资源与区划,2006,27(4):41-43.
102. 申元村.拓展中国绿洲研究,促进干旱区域可持续发展[J].干旱区研究,2007,24(4) :415.
103. 赵昕.中国西部干旱地区的农业气候资源现状与利用[J].青海农林科技,2006,4:51-53.
104. 汤章城.植物对水分胁迫的反应和适应性[J].植物生理学通讯,1983,4:1-7.
105. Hsiao T C.Plant response to water stress.Ann[J].Rev.Plant Physiol, 1973,24:519-570.
106. 彭祚登. 油松种源/家系抗旱性评价与选择的研究[博士论文]. 北京:北京林业大学,2000:3-4.
107. 王洪预,李秋祝,赵宏伟,魏永霞,潘俊波.不同生育时期干旱处理对春玉米保护酶活性及产量的影响[J]. 东北农业大学学报,2007,38(1):13-17.
108. 利容千,王建波.植物逆境细胞及生理学[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社.
109. .张海保,朱西儒,刘鸿先.感染束顶病后香蕉过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶的活性变化[J].植物生理学通讯,1996,32(5) :321-327.
110. 吴永红,甘霖,吴玉琴.锦橙叶片POD动力学研究[J].果树学报,200l,18(2):72-74.
111. 王秀芹,战吉成,黄卫东.植物对弱光逆境的响应[J].园艺学进展(第五辑) :832-837.
112. 黄少白,刘晓忠,戴秋杰.紫外光B辐射对菠菜叶片脂质过氧化作用的影响[[J].植物学报,1998,40(6):542-547.
113. 李宪利,高东升,顾曼如.铵态和硝态氮对苹果植株SOD和POD活性的影响(简报)[J].植物生理学通讯,1997,33(4) :254-256.
114. 宋纯鹏,梅慧生.Ca2+对叶绿体中超氧物自由基因以及由ACC形成乙烯的影响[J].植物生理学报,1992,18(1) :55-62.
115. 束怀瑞.果树栽培生理学[M].农业出版社,1998.
116. ShiW M,M uramoto Y, U eda A,TakabeT. Cloning of peroxisomal ascorbate peroxidase gene from barley and enhanced theimotolerance by overexpressing in A rabidopsis thaliana [J] Gene, 2001, 273(1):23-27.
117. Zhang H,W ang J,Nickel U,et al Cloning and expression of an Arabidopsis gene encoding a putative peroxisomal ascorbate peroxidase [J]. PLnnt Mol.Biol., 1997, 34(6): 967-971.
118. 长乐,王萍萍,曹子谊.盐地碱蓬(suaeda salsa) APX基因的克隆及盐胁迫下的表达[J].杭物生理与分子生物学报,2002,28 (4):261-266.
119. 王惠哲,庞金安,李淑菊,霍振荣.弱光处理对春季温室不同品种黄瓜生长发育的影响[J].河南农业大学学报,2006,40(2) :156-160.
120. 王洪预,李秋祝,赵宏伟,魏永霞,潘俊波. 不同生育时期干旱处理对春玉米保护酶活性及产量的影响[J]. 东北农业大学学报,2007,38(2):13-17.
121. 陈少裕.膜脂过氧化与植物逆境胁迫[J].植物学通报,1989,6(4):211-217.
122. MishraRK. SinghalGS. Funetion of Photosynthetie aPParatus of intact wheat leaves under highlight and and heat stress and its relationshiP with Peroxidation of thylakoid lipids[J].Plant Physiol, 1992, 98:l-6.
123. FeierabendJ,SehaanC,HertwigB. Photoinaetivation of eatalase occurs under both high and low Temperature stress conditions and aceomPanies Photoinhibition of Photosystemll[J].Plant Physiol, 1992, 100(3): 1554-1561.
124. Jing R L,Chang X P, Hu R H. Effects of exogenous betaine on the drought resistance of winter Wheat seedlings[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 1998, 16 (2): 1-5.
125. Liang ZH, Luo A L. A ccumulation of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase induced by drought and saltstress in sugarbeet leaves[J]. Journal of Plant Physiology, 1996, 22(2): 161-164.
126. Gorham J, Mcdonel L E, Jones R G. Determination of betaine as ultraviolet absorbing[J]. Analysis Chemical Acta, 1982, 138: 277-283.
127. Ludlow M M, Muchow R C. A critical evalution of the traits for improving crop yield in water limited environment[J]. Advances in Agronomy, 1990, 43: 107-153.
128. 尹尚军,石德成,颜宏.Na2CO3胁迫下星星草胁迫反应部位的差异[J].草业学报,2001,10(4):101-106.
129. 汤章诚.植物生理与分子生物学.见:张德颐,朱治平主编.植物分子生物学与生物工程[M].北京:科学出版社,1991.197.
130. Zhang H Y ,Zhao K F.Effects of salt and water stresses on osmotic adjustmentof suaeda salsa seedlings[J] .Acta Botanica Sinica,1998 ,40:56-61.
131. 赵可夫,冯立田,卢元芳.九龙江口秋茄和白骨壤的渗透调节剂及其贡献[J].海洋与湖沼,1999,30(1):58-61.
132. 徐云岭,余叔文.植物适应逆境过程中的能量消耗[J].植物生理通讯,1990,6:70.
133. Jones M. M., Osmond C. B., Turner N. C.Accumulation of solutes in leaves of soughum and sunflower in response to water deficits [J]. Aust J Plant Physiol, 1982,7: 193-205.
134. Saneoka H., lshiguro S., Moghaieb R. E. A., Effect of salinity and abscisic acid on accumulation of glycine betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase mRNA in Sorghum leaves (Sorghum bicolor) [J]. J Plant Physiol, 2001.158: 853-859.
135. Li D Q, Zhou Q, Cheng B G. Osmostic adjustment and osmolytes of different drought-resistant wheat varieties under soil drought stress [J]. Acta Phytophsiologica Sinica, 1992, 18 (1) : 374.
136. Wang Z. W , Stutte G. W.. The role of carbohydrates in active osmotic adjustment in apple under water stress [J]. Amer Soc Hort Sci, 1992, 117 (5) : 816-823.
137. Gebre G. M., Tschaplinski T J., Tuskan G. A., et al.. Clonal and seasonal differences in leaf osmotic potential and organic solutes of five hybrid poplar clones grown under field conditions [J].Tree Physiol, 1998, 18(10) : 645-652.
138. 张明生,杜建厂,谢波,谈锋,杨永华.水分胁迫下甘薯叶片渗透调节物质含量与品种抗旱性的关系[J].南京农业人学学报,2004,27(4):123-125.
139. 徐世健,安黎哲,冯虎元,王勋陵,李新荣.两种沙生植物抗旱生理指标的比较研究[J].西北植物学报 2000, 20( 2) :224-228.
140. 王宝山.植物生理学[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:277.
141. 陈少瑜,郎南军,李吉跃.干旱胁迫下坡柳等幼苗质膜相对透性和脯氨酸含量的变[J].广西植物 ,2006,1:80-84 .
142. 陈托兄,张金林,陆妮.不同类型抗盐植物整株水平游离脯氨酸的分配[J].草业学报,2006,1:36-41.
143. 颜宏,石德成,尹尚军.盐碱胁迫对羊草体内N及几种有机代谢产物积累的影响[J].东北师大学报(自然科学版),2000,32(3):47-52.
144. 尹尚军,石德成,颜宏.碱胁迫下星星草的主要胁变反应[J]. 草业学报,2003,12(4):51-57.
145. 邓雪柯,乔代蓉,李良.低温胁迫对紫花苜蓿生理特性影响的研究[J].四川大学学报(自然科学版) ,2005 ,1:190-194.
146. 黎明,李福秀,马焕成.香木莲对短时低温胁迫处理的生理生态响应[J].北方园艺,2006 ,1 :37-39.
147. 肖雯,贾恢先,蒲陆梅.几种盐生植物抗盐生理指标的研究[J].西北植物学报,2000,20(5):818-825.
148. 王娟,李德全.逆境条件下植物体内渗透调节物质的积累与活性氧代谢[J].植物学报,2001,18(4):459-465.
149. 涂三思.黄姜POD同工酶及高温胁迫下脯氨酸可溶性糖和丙二醛含量变化的研究[J].武汉:华中农业大学.
150. 汤章城.植物生理与分子生物学,对渗透和淹水胁迫的适应机理[M],北京:科学出版社,1991.739-751.
151. 张立军.小麦幼苗干旱逆境蛋白与抗旱性关系的研究[J].沈阳农业人学学报,1998,29(2) :106-109.
152. 王洪春.干旱诱导蛋自的研究进展[J].华北农学报,1990,5(增刊):8-12.
153. Hur J., jung K.H., Lee C.H., et al. Stressinducible OsP5CS2 gene is essential for salt and cold tolerance in rice[J]. Plant Science, 2004, 167 : 417-426.
154. 王茂良.植物抗渗透胁迫及其与脯氨酸的关系[J].北京园林,2006(2) :21-24.
155. 潘瑞炽.植物生理学(第五版) [M]. 北京:高等教育出版社,2004:218.
156. 傅家瑞.种子的活力及其生理生化基础[ J ].种子,1984,3 (3) :1-6.
157. 郑光华,史忠礼,赵同芳,等编.实用种子生理学[M ].北京:农业出版社,1990:113,123,240.
158. 周冀衡,朱小平,王彦亭,等编.烟草生理与生物化学[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,1996: 279-280.
159. 李合生.现代植物生理学[M ].北京:高等教育出片社,2004:417-420.
160. Rehman S. Park I H. Effect of scarification, GA and chilling on the germination of goldenrain-tree (Kolereuteria paniculata L.) seed [J]. Scientia Horticulturae. 2000, 85: 319-324.
161. Seiler G J. Seed maturity, storage time and temperature, and media treatment effect on germination of two wild sunflowers [J]. Aagro J. 1998, 90: 221-226.
162. 邹奇.植物生理生化实验指导[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
163. Rick W, Stegbauer H P. Measurement of reducing groups [M]. 1974, In HU Bergmeyer.
164. Seiler G J. Seed maturity, storage time and temperature, and media treatment effect on germination of two wild sunflowers[J]. Aagro. J, 1998, 90: 221--226.
165. Ward J M.Snuth A M.Shah P K, et al. A new role for the Arabidopsis AF2 transcription factor.LEAFY PETIOLE.in gibberellircinduced germination is revealed by the misexpression of a homologous gene.SOB2/ DRNLIKE[J]. Plant cell , 2006 , 18:29-39.
166. Nancy Schmitz,Suzanne R. Abrams and Allison R. Kermode. Changes in ABA turnover and sensitivity that accompany dormancy termination of yellow-cedar(Chamaecyparis nootkatensis) seeds .Journal of Experimental Botany, 2002,53(366) : 89-101.
167. 张元寿主编,植物病理生理学[M]南京:江苏科学技术出版社,1996,217-219.
168. 赵宇瑛,尚冰,宋晓东.苦杏仁甘的研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2005,33(6):1097-1098.
169. 张宇和.果树繁殖[M].上海:上海科技出版社,1984,438-435.
170. Wilson KB, Baldocchi DD, Hanson PJ. Leaf age effects the seasonal pattern of photosynthetic capacity and net ecosystem exchange of carbon in a deciduous forest[J]. Plant Cell and environ. 2001, 24 : 571-583.
171. Fischer G, Shah M, van Velthuizen H, Nachtergaele FO. Global agro-ecological assessment for agriculture in the 21st century. Laxenburg, Austria: ⅡASA and FAO.
172. Fitter, AH. And Hay, RKM. Environmental physiology of plants. 2nd ed. Academic Press, London. 1987, 121-184.
173. Ashraf, M., McNeilly, T. and Bradshaw, A.D. Patterns of ion distribution in selected NaCl tolerant and normal lines of four grass species[J]. Biol. Plant., 1990, 32 : 302-312.
175. Flowers, T.J. physiology of halophytes[J]. Plant and soil. 1985, 89: 41-56.4
175. Yeo, A.R., Lee, K.S., Izard, P., Boursier, P.J. and Flowers, T.J. Short and long-term effects of salinity on leaf 5growth in rice (Oryza sativa L.). J. Exp. Bot. 1991, 42: 881-89.
176. Johan, A. H. Osmoregulation[J]. Plant Physiol, 1976, 27: 485-505.
177. Hsiao, T.C., Acevedo, E. Fereres, E. Henderson, D.W. Stress metabolism. Water stress, growth and osmotic adjustment[J]. Phil Trans Roy Soc Lond (B). 1976, 273: 479-500.
178. Morgan, JM., Osmoregulation and water stress in higher plants[J]. Plant Physiol., 1984, 35: 299-319.
179. Munns, R. Why measure osmotic adjustment?[J]. Plant Physiol., 1988, 15: 717-726.
180. 武维华 主编.植物生理学[M].科学出版社,2003:430.
181. Kurban, H., Saneoka, H., Nehira, K., Adilla, R., and Fujita, K. Effect of salinity on growth and accumulation of organic and inorganic solutes in the leguminous plants Alhagi pseudoalhagi and Vigna radiata. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 1998, 44, 589-97.
182. 汤章诚.植物生理与分子生物学[M].见:张德颐,朱治平主编.植物分子生物学与生物工程. 北京:科学出版社,1991.197.
183. 鲍坦主编.土壤农化分析(上)[M].中国农业出版社,2000.
184. 余叔文,汤章城主编.现代植物生理学实验指南[M].北京:科技出版社,1999,314-315.
185. 邹奇.植物生理生化实验指导[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
186. 张宪政主编.作物生理研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1999:119-120.
187. Rana Munns. Why Measure Osmotic Adjustment[J]. Plant Physiol., 1988, 15, 717-726.
188. 王建革,苏晓华,张冰玉,黄秦军,张香华,孙宝启.植物抗旱研究上作中的问题与方法初探[J].中国农学通报,2004,20(4):93--96.
189. 李合生,赵世杰.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].武汉:华中农业大学出版社,2000,167-169.
190. 李合生,陈翠莲,洪玉枝主编.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].华中农业大学规划教材,1998,136-137.
191. 赵世杰主编.植物生理学实验指导[M].中国农业科技出版社,1998,10.
192. Grittle Reena Pinhero, Mulpuri V. Changes in activities of an- tioxidant enzymes and their relationship to genetic and pachobu-trazol induced chilling to lerance of Maize Seedlings[J]. Plant Physiol, 1997, 114: 695-704.
193. Alskog G, Huss-Danell K. Superoxide dismutase, catalase and nitrogenase activities of symbiotic Frankia (Alnusincana) in response to different oxygen tensions. Physiol . Plant, 1997, 99 : 286-292.
194. Dhindsa R S, MateweW. Drought tolerance in two moses: correlated with enzymatic defense against lipid peroxidation. Jour.EXP. Bet. , 1980, 32 : 79- 91.
195. Wolfgrrg F,O sswald, Robert Kraus etc. Comparison of the Enzymatic activities of dehydroasco rbic acid reductase, glutath ione reductase, Catalase, Peroxidase and Superoxide dismutase of healthy and damaged Sp ruceneedles (Picea abies (L. ) karst. ) , J.Plant Physio l, 1992, 139 : 742-748.
196. Kendall E J ,M ckersie B D. F ree radical and freezing injury to cell membranes of w inter wheat. Physio logia P lantarum, 1989, 76: 86-94.
197. Dellon Goot , Gonzezca , Pastorigm, Trippvis . A ntioxidant defenses under hyperoxygenic and hypero smo ticconditions in leaves of two lines of maize w ith differential sensitivity to drought [J]. Plant Cell Physiol. , 1993, 34: 1023-1028.
198. 郭振飞,卢少云,李宝盛,李明启.不同耐旱性水稻幼苗对氧化胁迫的反应[J].植物学报,1997,39 (8) : 748-752.
199. 龚吉蕊,张立新,赵爱芬,毕玉蓉.油蒿(Artemisia ordosica)抗旱生理生化特性研究初报[J].中国沙漠,2002,22 (4) :387-392.
200. 曾韶西,王以柔,刘鸿先.低温光照下与黄瓜子叶叶绿素降低有关的酶促反应[J].植物生理学报,1991,17 (2) :177-182.
201. Niinoml A ,Mor Imoto M , Shimiza S. Lipid peroxidation by the [peroxidase-H2O 2-pheno lic ] system [J]. Plant Cell Physiol.1987, 28: 731-734.
2. 侯冬花,萨拉木·艾尼瓦尔,海利力·库尔班,古丽博斯坦,巴图.伊犁不同类型野生杏花期冻害及坐果率研究[J] .新疆农业科学,2007,44(2):122-125.
3. Kostina K F .Application of phytogeographical method to apricot classification Moscow: Trud Nikit Bot Sad 1964, 37: 45-63.
4. Zhebentyayeva T N, Reighard G I, Gorina V M,Abbott A G. Simple sequence repeat (SSR)analysis for assessment of genetic variability in apricot gemplasm[J]. Theor Appl Genet, 2003, 106: 435-444.
5. 林培钧,崔乃然.天山野果林资源-伊犁野果林综合研究[M].北京.中国林业出版社,2004:46.
6. 热依曼·牙森,玉苏甫,阿布里提甫.新疆杏资源及其开发利用[J].新疆农业科学,2005,42(增):49-51.
7. 王磊,崔大方,林培钧,许正,赵永生,张汉斐.新疆野生杏的种下类型[J].新疆师范大学学报,(自然科学版), 1997,16(3):31-35.
8. 何天明,陈学森,张大海,徐麟,刘宁,高疆生,许正.中国普通杏种质资源若干生物学性状的频度分布[J].园艺学报,2007,34(1) :17-22.
9. 王玉柱,孙浩元,杨丽.我国杏树发展现状分析及建议[J].中国农业科技导报,2003,5(2):24-27.
10. 赵铎.新疆杏资源与生产考察[J].山西果树,2003,(3).
11. 傅立国.中国植物红皮书[M].北京:科学出版社,1992.
12. 许民宪.杏树抗旱生态生理研究初报[M].中国园艺学会年会论文摘要集,1985,11.
13. 李嘉瑞,任小林,王民柱.干旱对果树光合的影响及水分胁迫信息传递[J].干旱地区农业研究,1996,14(3):69-72.
14. 杨向娜,魏安智,杨途熙,郑元.仁用杏 3 个生理指标与抗寒性的关系研究[J].西北林学院学报,2006,21(3) :30-33.
15. 蒲光兰,袁大刚,胡学华,周兰英,邓家林,刘永红.杏树抗旱性研究.西北林学院学报[J].2005,20(3):40-43.
16. 周海燕.金昌市 4 种乔木抗旱性生理指标的研究[J].中国沙漠,1997,17 (3) :301- 303.
17. 李德全,高辉远,孟庆伟.植物生理学[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,1999,第 1 版.
18. Bewley, J.D. Seed germination and dormancy[J]. Plant Cell, 1997, 9: 1-5.
19. Crowe, J.H., and Crowe, L.M. Membrane integrity in anhydrobiotic organisms: Toward a mechanism for stabilizing dry seeds. In Water and Life, G.N. Somero, C.B. Osmond, and C.L.Bolis, eds ,Berlin: Springer-Verlag,1992:87-103.
20. 傅爱根,王爱国,罗广华.大豆萌发过程的活性氧代谢[J].热带亚热带植物学报,1997,5(4):32-38.
21. 赵玉锦,王台.水稻种子萌发过程中 α-淀粉酶与萌发速率关系的分析[J].植物学通报,2001,18(2):226-230.
22. 陆定志,施天生,陈龙飞.杂交水稻及其亲本三系种子萌发过程中淀粉酶活性与胚乳物质消长的关系[J].杂交水稻,1987 (3) :21-25.
23. Botha, F.C., Potgieter, G.P., Botha, A.-M. Respiratory metabolism and gene expression during seed germination[J]. Plant Growth Regul. 1992,11,211-224.
24. Ehrenshaft, M., Brambl, R..Respiration and mitochondrialbiogenesis in germinating embryos of maize[J]. Plant Physiol.1990,93:295-304.
25. Attucci, S., Carde, J.P., Raymond, P., Saint Gès, V., Spiteri, A., Pradet, A.. Oxidative phosphorylation by mitochondria extracted from dry sunflower seeds[J]. Plant Physiol. 1991, 95, 390-398.
26. Morohashi, Y., Bewley, J.D. Development of mitochondrial activities in pea cotyledons during and following germination of the axis[J]. Plant Physiol. 1980, 66, 70-73.
27. Morohashi, Y. Patterns of mitochondrial development in reserve tissue of germinated seeds: A survey[J]. Physiol Plant. 1986, 6: 653-658.
28. Ehrenshaft, M., Brambl, R. Respiration and mitochondrial biogenesis in germinating embryos of maize[J]. Plant Physiol. 1990, 93, 295-304.
29. Zlatanova, J.S., Ivanov, P.V., Stoilov, L.M., Chimshirova, K.V.,and Stanchev, B.S. DNA repair precedes replicative synthesis during early germination of maize. Plant Mol. Biol. 1987. 10, 139-144.
30. Osborne, D.J., Boubriak, 1.1.DNA and desiccation tolerance[J]. Seed Sci. Res.1994 , 4, 175-185.
31. Welbaum, G.E., and Bradford, K.J.. Water relations of seed development and germination in muskmelon (Cucumismelo L.).V. Water relations of imbibition and germination[J]. Plant Physiol[J]. 1990, 92, 1046-1062.
32. Bradford, K.J. Water relations in seed germination. In Seed Development and Germination, J. Kigel and G. Galili, eds (New York: Marcel Dekker), 1995, 351-396.
33. 吴沿友,吴德勇,张红萍,刘建,李国祥.大豆子叶中的碳酸酐酶活性和光合特性研究[J].河南农业科学,2007,2:43-45.
34. 王忠.植物生理学[M].北京:中国农业出版社.2000.5,第 1 版.
35. 陆定志,杨煌峰,施天生,陈龙飞.杂交水稻干种子内存在 α-淀粉酶[J].植物生理学报,1987,13 :418-421.
36. 柴家荣.不同烟草类型种子萌发期淀粉酶及糖类物质动态研究[J].种子,2006,25(10):9-12.
37. 陈禅友,刘磊.长豇豆种子萌发进程中生理生化指标动态变化[J].种子,2006,(9):30-33.
38. 刘忠华,董源,路丙社.阿月浑子种子萌发过程中贮藏物质含量的初步研究[J].种子,2002,6:28-30.
39. Dommes, J., Van de Walle, C. Polysome formation and incorporation of new ribosomes into polysomes during germinationof the embryonic axis of maize[J]. Physiol. Plant. 1990, 79, 289-296.
40.Comai, L.,and Harada, J.J. Transcriptional activities in dry seed nuclei indicate the timing of the transition from embryogeny to germination[J]. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA .1990, 87, 2671-2674.
41.Lane, B.G. Cellular desiccation and hydration: Developmentally regulated proteins, and the maturation and germination of seed embryos[J]. FASEB J. 1991, 5, 2893-2901.
42.Berry, T.A., and Bewley, J.D. A role for the surrounding fruit tissues in preventing germination of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) seeds. A consideration of the osmotic environment and abscisic acid[J]. Plant Physiol. 1992, 100, 951-957.
43.Bewley, J.D., and Marcus, A. Gene expression in seed development and germination. Prog. Nucleic Acid[J]. Res.Mol. Biol. 1990, 38,165-193.
44. Evelyn P. Biochemical changes in the rice grain during germination[J]. Plant physiol. 1972, 49:751-756.
45. Evelyn P. Palmiano and Bienvenido. Juliano.Changes in the Activity of Some Hydrolase, Peroxidase,and Catalase in the Rice Seed during Germination[J]. Plant Physiol. 1973, 52, 274-277.
46. 郝建军,康宗利.植物生理学[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005,第 1 版.
47. 白永富,卢秀萍.烟草种子萌发期间可溶性蛋白质含量与游离氨基酸含量的相关性研究[J].植物生理科学,2006,(8):286-288.
48. 潘瑞炽.植物生理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2001,第 4 版:219-221.
49. Shibuya N , Iwasaki T. Polysaccharides and glycoproteins in the rice endosperm cell wall[J] . Agric Biol Chem , 1978 , 42 : 2259-2266.
50. Reid JSG., Meier H. Enzymatic activities and galactomannan mobilization in germinating seeds of fenugreek ( Tri gonel la f oenum-graecum L. Leguminosae) . Secretion of α-galactosidase and β-mannosidase by t he aleurone layer [J]. Planta , 1973 ,112 : 301-308.
51.Edwards ME., Marshall E , Gidley M J . Transfer specificity of detergent-solubilized fenugreek galactomannanan galactosylt ransferase.[J] Plant Physiol , 2002 , 129 : 1391-1397.
52.McCleary BV , Mat heson N K. Galactomannan structure and β-mannanase and β-mannanosidase activity in germinating legume seeds[J]. Phytochemist ry , 1975 , 14 : 1187-1194.
53. Groot SPC , Rokicka B K, Vermeer E. Gibberellin-induced hydrolysis of endosperm cell walls in gibberellin-deficient tomato seeds prior to radicle prot rusion[J]. Planta , 1988 , 174 : 500-504.
54. Nonogaki H , Morohashi Y. An endo-β-mannanase develops exclusively in the micropylar endosperm of tomato seeds prior to radicle emergence[J]. Plant Physiol , 1996 , 110 : 555-559.
55. Toorop PE , Bewley JD , Hilhorst H W M. Endo-β-man-nanase isoforms are present in t he endosperm and embryo of tomato seeds , but are not essentially linked to t he completion of germination[J]. Planta , 1996 , 200 : 153-158.
56. Still D W, Dahal P , Bradford K J . A single seed assay for endo-β-mannanase activity from tomato endosperm and radicle tissues[J]. Plant Physiol , 1997 , 113 : 13-20.
57. 任艳芳,何俊瑜,王晓峰.水稻种子萌发过程中降解半乳甘露聚糖的三个酶活性的动态[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2007, 21 (3) :275-280.
58. Still D. W. and Bradford K. J.. Endo-[beta]-Mannanase Activity from Individual Tomato Endosperm Caps and Radicle Tips in Relation to Germination Rates[J]. Plant Physiol,1997, 113, 21-29.
59. 郑晓鹰, 李秀清.西瓜种子内源 β-半乳甘露聚糖酶活性与分布以及与萌发速度的关系[J].广西植物,2007,27 (3) :503-507.
60. 张东向. H2O2对水稻和玉米种子萌发的影响[J].植物生理学通讯,1996,32(2):115-117.
61. 傅家瑞.种子生理[M].北京:科学出版社,1985,344-345.
62. 刘亚萍,计巧灵,周小云.胡杨种子萌发过程中几种相关酶的活性变化[J].植物生理学通讯,2005,41(5):607-609.
63. 陈刚,王广志,刘秀丽,招启柏,宋平,王忠.不同处理对烟草种子萌发及过氧化氢酶活性的影响[J].烟草科技/ 重要研究报告,2002,175(2):11-15.
64. 高文远,李志亮,肖培根.甘草种子萌发初期过氧化物酶的研究[J].中国中药杂志,1998,23(4):212-215.
65. 郭明军,杨晓玲,张培玉,项殿芳,齐永顺.山楂种子休眠与萌发生理研究——山楂种子 POD 活性及其同工酶的变化与休眠的关系[J].河北农业技术师范学院学报,1997,11(3):25-28.
66. Vleeshouwers, L.M. Bouwmeester, H.J. Karssen, C.M. Redefining seed dormancy: an attempt to integrate physiology and ecology [J]. Ecology. 1995. 83(6):1031-1037.
67. 曹帮华,蔡春菊.银杏种子后熟生理与内源激素变化的研究[J].林业科学,2006,42(2):32-37.
68. 尹黎燕,王彩石,叶要妹,等.观赏树木体眠的研究方法[J].种子,2002(1) :45-47.
69. 王文章,陈杰,刘恩举.红松种子休眠与种皮的关系[J].东北林业大学学报,1986,(02) .
70. 叶常丰,戴心维.种子学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1994.
71. Simmands J A,Simpson GM . Incrcased participation of pentose phosphare pathway in response to afterripening and gibberelic acid treatment in caryopses of Avena fatna [J].Canadian J Botany. 1971, 49: 1843-1840.
72. Bcrlca .J D, Black M. Physiology and biochemistry of seeds. Vol.H[M]. New York: Spring-Veriag Berlin Hcidelberg,1988
73. 赵永华,刘惠卿,杨世林,刘铁城.呼吸抑制剂NaN3对西洋参种子休眠和萌发的影响及其与温度的相互作用.基层中药杂志,2000,14(4) :6-7.
74. 孔祥海.抑制物质与种子休眠[J].龙岩师专学报,2006,6:50-52.
75. 邢 勇,武月琴.种子休眠与致休眠因子[J].生物学教学,2003,28(5):7-8.
76. 李宏博,刘延吉,李天来.GA3对辽东木楤种子解除体眠中信号分子变化的影响[J].园艺学报,2006, 33 (2) :414-410.
77. 乌凤章,刘桂丰,姜静,陆天聪,王柏臣.种子萌发调控的分子机理研究进展[J].北方园艺,2008 (2):54-58.
78. Sun T P.Chbler F. Molecular mechanism of gibberellin signaling in plants[J].Annu. Rev. Plant Biology , 2004 . 55: 197-223.
79. Lee S, Cheng H. K.Wang W. Gbberellin regulates Arabidopsis seed germination via RCL2 .a GAI/ RGA-like gene whose expresaer is up-regulated following imbition[J]. Genes, 2002 , 16 : 646-658.
80. Tyler L .Thomas S G. HuJ .et al. Della proteins and gibberellircregulated seed germination and floral development in Arabidopsis [J].Plant physiol . 2004 . 135: 1008-1019.
81. Steber C M .Cooney S, McCourt P. Isolation of the GA-response mutant slyl as Stephen MS.Neit EO. Gnetic analysis of gibberellin signal transduction[J]. Plant physiol , 1996 , 112 : 11-17.
82. Dill A .Thomas S G. Hu J .et al. The Arabidopsis F-box protein sleepyl targets gibberellin signaling repressors for gibberellin-induced degradation[J]. Plant Cell .2004 .16:1392-1405.
83. 侯冬花,萨拉木·艾尼瓦尔,海利力·库尔班.种子体眠与体眠解除的研究进展[J].新疆农业科学,2007,44(3) :349-354.
84. 赵晓光.打破山桃种子体眠方法的研究[J].种子,2005,24(5):62-63.
85. 谢大森,何晓明,林毓娥,彭庆务,赫新洲.打破冬瓜种子体眠试验初报[J].广东农业科学,2002,2:18-20.
86. Larcher W. Physiological plant ecology(4th edn). Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2003.3.
87. 蒋高明 编.植物生理生态学[M].高等教育出版社,2004-12.
88. 张国平,周伟军译.植物生理生态学。浙江大学出版社,2003-5。
89. Martin C. E. , Higley M. , and WANG W.Z. Ecophysiological significance of C02-recycling via crassulacean acid metabolism in talinum calycinum engelm. (Portulacaceae)[J]. Plant Physiol.1988 ,86, 562-568.
90. Burghardt M. , Riederer M. . Ecophysiological relevance of cuticular transpiration of deciduous and evergreen plants in relation to stomatal closure and leaf water potential[J]. Experimental Botany, 2003,54: 1941-1949.
91. Giuliani R. , Flore A. J. .The effect of water shortage on potted peach trees in relation to ecophysiological parameters and infra-red thermometry[J]. Hort Science,1998,33: 443-558.
92. Michael C. F. Proctor. Comparative ecophysiological measurements on the light responses, water relations and desiccation tolerance of the filmyferns Hymenophyllum wilsonii Hook. and H. tunbrigense (L.) Smith [J]. Annals of Botany 91: 717-727.
93. 卢毅军,王华胜,葛滢,常杰.土壤水分对华荠宁光合生理生态特性影响的研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2007,15(1):67-70.
94. 彭晚霞,王克林,宋同清,曾馥平,王久荣,肖孔操.施肥结构对茶树( Camellia sinensis (L . ) Kuntze)光合作用及其生态生理因子日变化的影响[J].生态学报,2008,28(1):84-91.
95. 蒋华伟,方芳,郭水良.日本菟丝子( Cuscuta japonica)寄生对加拿大一枝黄花( Solidago canadensis)生理生态特性的影响[J].生态学报,2008,28(1):399-406.
96. 张寄阳,刘祖贵,段爱旺,孟兆江.棉花对水分胁迫及复水的生理生态响应[J].棉花学报,2006,18 (6):398-399.
97. Larry C. B., David M. R, Loren H. R., Christian L., Russell L. M., and Lisa A. D.. Genetic architecture of leaf ecophysiological [J]Helianthus. 2007, 98(2):142-146.
98. Reymond M. , Muller B., Leonardi A., Charcosset A., Tardieu F.. Combining quantitative trait loci analysis and an ecophysiological model to analyze the genetic variability of the responses of maize leaf growth to temperature and water deficit[J]. Plant Physiology, 2003, 131, 664-675.
99. 康绍忠.西北地区农业节水与水资源持续利用[M].西北农业大学农业水土工程研究所和农业部农业水土工程重点开放实验室主编.国农业出版社,1999:1-35.
100. 李凤,陈法扬.生态恢复与可持续发展[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(6):187-189.
101. 雍会.新疆绿洲生态农业经济可持续发展对策研究.中国农业资源与区划,2006,27(4):41-43.
102. 申元村.拓展中国绿洲研究,促进干旱区域可持续发展[J].干旱区研究,2007,24(4) :415.
103. 赵昕.中国西部干旱地区的农业气候资源现状与利用[J].青海农林科技,2006,4:51-53.
104. 汤章城.植物对水分胁迫的反应和适应性[J].植物生理学通讯,1983,4:1-7.
105. Hsiao T C.Plant response to water stress.Ann[J].Rev.Plant Physiol, 1973,24:519-570.
106. 彭祚登. 油松种源/家系抗旱性评价与选择的研究[博士论文]. 北京:北京林业大学,2000:3-4.
107. 王洪预,李秋祝,赵宏伟,魏永霞,潘俊波.不同生育时期干旱处理对春玉米保护酶活性及产量的影响[J]. 东北农业大学学报,2007,38(1):13-17.
108. 利容千,王建波.植物逆境细胞及生理学[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社.
109. .张海保,朱西儒,刘鸿先.感染束顶病后香蕉过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶的活性变化[J].植物生理学通讯,1996,32(5) :321-327.
110. 吴永红,甘霖,吴玉琴.锦橙叶片POD动力学研究[J].果树学报,200l,18(2):72-74.
111. 王秀芹,战吉成,黄卫东.植物对弱光逆境的响应[J].园艺学进展(第五辑) :832-837.
112. 黄少白,刘晓忠,戴秋杰.紫外光B辐射对菠菜叶片脂质过氧化作用的影响[[J].植物学报,1998,40(6):542-547.
113. 李宪利,高东升,顾曼如.铵态和硝态氮对苹果植株SOD和POD活性的影响(简报)[J].植物生理学通讯,1997,33(4) :254-256.
114. 宋纯鹏,梅慧生.Ca2+对叶绿体中超氧物自由基因以及由ACC形成乙烯的影响[J].植物生理学报,1992,18(1) :55-62.
115. 束怀瑞.果树栽培生理学[M].农业出版社,1998.
116. ShiW M,M uramoto Y, U eda A,TakabeT. Cloning of peroxisomal ascorbate peroxidase gene from barley and enhanced theimotolerance by overexpressing in A rabidopsis thaliana [J] Gene, 2001, 273(1):23-27.
117. Zhang H,W ang J,Nickel U,et al Cloning and expression of an Arabidopsis gene encoding a putative peroxisomal ascorbate peroxidase [J]. PLnnt Mol.Biol., 1997, 34(6): 967-971.
118. 长乐,王萍萍,曹子谊.盐地碱蓬(suaeda salsa) APX基因的克隆及盐胁迫下的表达[J].杭物生理与分子生物学报,2002,28 (4):261-266.
119. 王惠哲,庞金安,李淑菊,霍振荣.弱光处理对春季温室不同品种黄瓜生长发育的影响[J].河南农业大学学报,2006,40(2) :156-160.
120. 王洪预,李秋祝,赵宏伟,魏永霞,潘俊波. 不同生育时期干旱处理对春玉米保护酶活性及产量的影响[J]. 东北农业大学学报,2007,38(2):13-17.
121. 陈少裕.膜脂过氧化与植物逆境胁迫[J].植物学通报,1989,6(4):211-217.
122. MishraRK. SinghalGS. Funetion of Photosynthetie aPParatus of intact wheat leaves under highlight and and heat stress and its relationshiP with Peroxidation of thylakoid lipids[J].Plant Physiol, 1992, 98:l-6.
123. FeierabendJ,SehaanC,HertwigB. Photoinaetivation of eatalase occurs under both high and low Temperature stress conditions and aceomPanies Photoinhibition of Photosystemll[J].Plant Physiol, 1992, 100(3): 1554-1561.
124. Jing R L,Chang X P, Hu R H. Effects of exogenous betaine on the drought resistance of winter Wheat seedlings[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 1998, 16 (2): 1-5.
125. Liang ZH, Luo A L. A ccumulation of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase induced by drought and saltstress in sugarbeet leaves[J]. Journal of Plant Physiology, 1996, 22(2): 161-164.
126. Gorham J, Mcdonel L E, Jones R G. Determination of betaine as ultraviolet absorbing[J]. Analysis Chemical Acta, 1982, 138: 277-283.
127. Ludlow M M, Muchow R C. A critical evalution of the traits for improving crop yield in water limited environment[J]. Advances in Agronomy, 1990, 43: 107-153.
128. 尹尚军,石德成,颜宏.Na2CO3胁迫下星星草胁迫反应部位的差异[J].草业学报,2001,10(4):101-106.
129. 汤章诚.植物生理与分子生物学.见:张德颐,朱治平主编.植物分子生物学与生物工程[M].北京:科学出版社,1991.197.
130. Zhang H Y ,Zhao K F.Effects of salt and water stresses on osmotic adjustmentof suaeda salsa seedlings[J] .Acta Botanica Sinica,1998 ,40:56-61.
131. 赵可夫,冯立田,卢元芳.九龙江口秋茄和白骨壤的渗透调节剂及其贡献[J].海洋与湖沼,1999,30(1):58-61.
132. 徐云岭,余叔文.植物适应逆境过程中的能量消耗[J].植物生理通讯,1990,6:70.
133. Jones M. M., Osmond C. B., Turner N. C.Accumulation of solutes in leaves of soughum and sunflower in response to water deficits [J]. Aust J Plant Physiol, 1982,7: 193-205.
134. Saneoka H., lshiguro S., Moghaieb R. E. A., Effect of salinity and abscisic acid on accumulation of glycine betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase mRNA in Sorghum leaves (Sorghum bicolor) [J]. J Plant Physiol, 2001.158: 853-859.
135. Li D Q, Zhou Q, Cheng B G. Osmostic adjustment and osmolytes of different drought-resistant wheat varieties under soil drought stress [J]. Acta Phytophsiologica Sinica, 1992, 18 (1) : 374.
136. Wang Z. W , Stutte G. W.. The role of carbohydrates in active osmotic adjustment in apple under water stress [J]. Amer Soc Hort Sci, 1992, 117 (5) : 816-823.
137. Gebre G. M., Tschaplinski T J., Tuskan G. A., et al.. Clonal and seasonal differences in leaf osmotic potential and organic solutes of five hybrid poplar clones grown under field conditions [J].Tree Physiol, 1998, 18(10) : 645-652.
138. 张明生,杜建厂,谢波,谈锋,杨永华.水分胁迫下甘薯叶片渗透调节物质含量与品种抗旱性的关系[J].南京农业人学学报,2004,27(4):123-125.
139. 徐世健,安黎哲,冯虎元,王勋陵,李新荣.两种沙生植物抗旱生理指标的比较研究[J].西北植物学报 2000, 20( 2) :224-228.
140. 王宝山.植物生理学[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:277.
141. 陈少瑜,郎南军,李吉跃.干旱胁迫下坡柳等幼苗质膜相对透性和脯氨酸含量的变[J].广西植物 ,2006,1:80-84 .
142. 陈托兄,张金林,陆妮.不同类型抗盐植物整株水平游离脯氨酸的分配[J].草业学报,2006,1:36-41.
143. 颜宏,石德成,尹尚军.盐碱胁迫对羊草体内N及几种有机代谢产物积累的影响[J].东北师大学报(自然科学版),2000,32(3):47-52.
144. 尹尚军,石德成,颜宏.碱胁迫下星星草的主要胁变反应[J]. 草业学报,2003,12(4):51-57.
145. 邓雪柯,乔代蓉,李良.低温胁迫对紫花苜蓿生理特性影响的研究[J].四川大学学报(自然科学版) ,2005 ,1:190-194.
146. 黎明,李福秀,马焕成.香木莲对短时低温胁迫处理的生理生态响应[J].北方园艺,2006 ,1 :37-39.
147. 肖雯,贾恢先,蒲陆梅.几种盐生植物抗盐生理指标的研究[J].西北植物学报,2000,20(5):818-825.
148. 王娟,李德全.逆境条件下植物体内渗透调节物质的积累与活性氧代谢[J].植物学报,2001,18(4):459-465.
149. 涂三思.黄姜POD同工酶及高温胁迫下脯氨酸可溶性糖和丙二醛含量变化的研究[J].武汉:华中农业大学.
150. 汤章城.植物生理与分子生物学,对渗透和淹水胁迫的适应机理[M],北京:科学出版社,1991.739-751.
151. 张立军.小麦幼苗干旱逆境蛋白与抗旱性关系的研究[J].沈阳农业人学学报,1998,29(2) :106-109.
152. 王洪春.干旱诱导蛋自的研究进展[J].华北农学报,1990,5(增刊):8-12.
153. Hur J., jung K.H., Lee C.H., et al. Stressinducible OsP5CS2 gene is essential for salt and cold tolerance in rice[J]. Plant Science, 2004, 167 : 417-426.
154. 王茂良.植物抗渗透胁迫及其与脯氨酸的关系[J].北京园林,2006(2) :21-24.
155. 潘瑞炽.植物生理学(第五版) [M]. 北京:高等教育出版社,2004:218.
156. 傅家瑞.种子的活力及其生理生化基础[ J ].种子,1984,3 (3) :1-6.
157. 郑光华,史忠礼,赵同芳,等编.实用种子生理学[M ].北京:农业出版社,1990:113,123,240.
158. 周冀衡,朱小平,王彦亭,等编.烟草生理与生物化学[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,1996: 279-280.
159. 李合生.现代植物生理学[M ].北京:高等教育出片社,2004:417-420.
160. Rehman S. Park I H. Effect of scarification, GA and chilling on the germination of goldenrain-tree (Kolereuteria paniculata L.) seed [J]. Scientia Horticulturae. 2000, 85: 319-324.
161. Seiler G J. Seed maturity, storage time and temperature, and media treatment effect on germination of two wild sunflowers [J]. Aagro J. 1998, 90: 221-226.
162. 邹奇.植物生理生化实验指导[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
163. Rick W, Stegbauer H P. Measurement of reducing groups [M]. 1974, In HU Bergmeyer.
164. Seiler G J. Seed maturity, storage time and temperature, and media treatment effect on germination of two wild sunflowers[J]. Aagro. J, 1998, 90: 221--226.
165. Ward J M.Snuth A M.Shah P K, et al. A new role for the Arabidopsis AF2 transcription factor.LEAFY PETIOLE.in gibberellircinduced germination is revealed by the misexpression of a homologous gene.SOB2/ DRNLIKE[J]. Plant cell , 2006 , 18:29-39.
166. Nancy Schmitz,Suzanne R. Abrams and Allison R. Kermode. Changes in ABA turnover and sensitivity that accompany dormancy termination of yellow-cedar(Chamaecyparis nootkatensis) seeds .Journal of Experimental Botany, 2002,53(366) : 89-101.
167. 张元寿主编,植物病理生理学[M]南京:江苏科学技术出版社,1996,217-219.
168. 赵宇瑛,尚冰,宋晓东.苦杏仁甘的研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2005,33(6):1097-1098.
169. 张宇和.果树繁殖[M].上海:上海科技出版社,1984,438-435.
170. Wilson KB, Baldocchi DD, Hanson PJ. Leaf age effects the seasonal pattern of photosynthetic capacity and net ecosystem exchange of carbon in a deciduous forest[J]. Plant Cell and environ. 2001, 24 : 571-583.
171. Fischer G, Shah M, van Velthuizen H, Nachtergaele FO. Global agro-ecological assessment for agriculture in the 21st century. Laxenburg, Austria: ⅡASA and FAO.
172. Fitter, AH. And Hay, RKM. Environmental physiology of plants. 2nd ed. Academic Press, London. 1987, 121-184.
173. Ashraf, M., McNeilly, T. and Bradshaw, A.D. Patterns of ion distribution in selected NaCl tolerant and normal lines of four grass species[J]. Biol. Plant., 1990, 32 : 302-312.
175. Flowers, T.J. physiology of halophytes[J]. Plant and soil. 1985, 89: 41-56.4
175. Yeo, A.R., Lee, K.S., Izard, P., Boursier, P.J. and Flowers, T.J. Short and long-term effects of salinity on leaf 5growth in rice (Oryza sativa L.). J. Exp. Bot. 1991, 42: 881-89.
176. Johan, A. H. Osmoregulation[J]. Plant Physiol, 1976, 27: 485-505.
177. Hsiao, T.C., Acevedo, E. Fereres, E. Henderson, D.W. Stress metabolism. Water stress, growth and osmotic adjustment[J]. Phil Trans Roy Soc Lond (B). 1976, 273: 479-500.
178. Morgan, JM., Osmoregulation and water stress in higher plants[J]. Plant Physiol., 1984, 35: 299-319.
179. Munns, R. Why measure osmotic adjustment?[J]. Plant Physiol., 1988, 15: 717-726.
180. 武维华 主编.植物生理学[M].科学出版社,2003:430.
181. Kurban, H., Saneoka, H., Nehira, K., Adilla, R., and Fujita, K. Effect of salinity on growth and accumulation of organic and inorganic solutes in the leguminous plants Alhagi pseudoalhagi and Vigna radiata. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 1998, 44, 589-97.
182. 汤章诚.植物生理与分子生物学[M].见:张德颐,朱治平主编.植物分子生物学与生物工程. 北京:科学出版社,1991.197.
183. 鲍坦主编.土壤农化分析(上)[M].中国农业出版社,2000.
184. 余叔文,汤章城主编.现代植物生理学实验指南[M].北京:科技出版社,1999,314-315.
185. 邹奇.植物生理生化实验指导[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
186. 张宪政主编.作物生理研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1999:119-120.
187. Rana Munns. Why Measure Osmotic Adjustment[J]. Plant Physiol., 1988, 15, 717-726.
188. 王建革,苏晓华,张冰玉,黄秦军,张香华,孙宝启.植物抗旱研究上作中的问题与方法初探[J].中国农学通报,2004,20(4):93--96.
189. 李合生,赵世杰.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].武汉:华中农业大学出版社,2000,167-169.
190. 李合生,陈翠莲,洪玉枝主编.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].华中农业大学规划教材,1998,136-137.
191. 赵世杰主编.植物生理学实验指导[M].中国农业科技出版社,1998,10.
192. Grittle Reena Pinhero, Mulpuri V. Changes in activities of an- tioxidant enzymes and their relationship to genetic and pachobu-trazol induced chilling to lerance of Maize Seedlings[J]. Plant Physiol, 1997, 114: 695-704.
193. Alskog G, Huss-Danell K. Superoxide dismutase, catalase and nitrogenase activities of symbiotic Frankia (Alnusincana) in response to different oxygen tensions. Physiol . Plant, 1997, 99 : 286-292.
194. Dhindsa R S, MateweW. Drought tolerance in two moses: correlated with enzymatic defense against lipid peroxidation. Jour.EXP. Bet. , 1980, 32 : 79- 91.
195. Wolfgrrg F,O sswald, Robert Kraus etc. Comparison of the Enzymatic activities of dehydroasco rbic acid reductase, glutath ione reductase, Catalase, Peroxidase and Superoxide dismutase of healthy and damaged Sp ruceneedles (Picea abies (L. ) karst. ) , J.Plant Physio l, 1992, 139 : 742-748.
196. Kendall E J ,M ckersie B D. F ree radical and freezing injury to cell membranes of w inter wheat. Physio logia P lantarum, 1989, 76: 86-94.
197. Dellon Goot , Gonzezca , Pastorigm, Trippvis . A ntioxidant defenses under hyperoxygenic and hypero smo ticconditions in leaves of two lines of maize w ith differential sensitivity to drought [J]. Plant Cell Physiol. , 1993, 34: 1023-1028.
198. 郭振飞,卢少云,李宝盛,李明启.不同耐旱性水稻幼苗对氧化胁迫的反应[J].植物学报,1997,39 (8) : 748-752.
199. 龚吉蕊,张立新,赵爱芬,毕玉蓉.油蒿(Artemisia ordosica)抗旱生理生化特性研究初报[J].中国沙漠,2002,22 (4) :387-392.
200. 曾韶西,王以柔,刘鸿先.低温光照下与黄瓜子叶叶绿素降低有关的酶促反应[J].植物生理学报,1991,17 (2) :177-182.
201. Niinoml A ,Mor Imoto M , Shimiza S. Lipid peroxidation by the [peroxidase-H2O 2-pheno lic ] system [J]. Plant Cell Physiol.1987, 28: 731-734.