多功能清雪车清雪装置研究
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摘要
本文以积雪物理力学分析为基础,对不同类型的路面积雪进行分类,并针对不同类型的积雪,分析、论述机械式清雪方法应用特点,确定了多功能清雪车的设计方案;以多功能清雪车牵引主机——装载机的功能参数为依据,确定了螺旋集雪扬雪清除浮雪、碾压铣削和刮送清除硬化积雪、风吹滚刷清除残留浮雪的不同类型积雪清除方法、属具类型及属具组合形式;针对不同类型积雪清除方法及其属具结构特点,以除雪属具技术参数的分析、计算为基础,进行了不同除雪属具的结构设计。除雪试验结果表明,多功能清雪车能够有效清除路面不同类型的积雪,达到了设计要求。
Snow remover is a sort of special equipment using in cleaning up the snowand ice on the roads to ensure driving safety and roads unblocked. In China, thesnow coverage is very large in winter. The tasks of removing the snow and ice onroads are very demanding, so the snow removers have a very big market. With ourcountry’s economic development, more and more freeways, crossroads, airfieldshave being built. But, the removers we currently have are too few to satisfy themarket needs. On the other hand, the imported new-types snow removers are veryexpensive and have to wait for a long time for the after services. Last but not least,these imported machines can’t adapt well our country’s road situations. From all ofabove, it could be seen that it has great important significance and economicadvantage to develop ourselves snow removers that fit our country’s snowingcoverage.
The research was performed with the research project“the design ofmultifunction snow remover”. According to the clearance method of differencetype snow, the multifunction snow remover was designed with the loader fortraction host, which had multi operation tools. The operation tools was designedand assembled based on the analysis and computation of its parameters for thepurpose of clearing difference type snow. The dissertation main includes thefollowing.
(1) The physical properties values of the snow, which included density,classification, hardness, anti-shear strength, friction property were analysis. TheHinteractional relationsH between road and snow were analyzed, which is theHfoundationH of the design of multifunction snow remover and the key parameters’ computation.
(2) More comprehensive classification methods of the snow removers wereprovided. The classification methods were summarized referring to as many asrelative materials. The parameters of loader and the tools of multifunction snowremover were analyzed and introduced. The functions of the snow tools wereintroduced detailed. The traction and power balance of the whole machine werecomputed and analyzed.
(3) To clear fresh snow, the equipment of spiral snow collection andcentrifugal snow cast was designed, and its structure was introduced. The powerand rotate speed of spiral snow collection, the power and rotate speed of centrifugalsnow cast, the distance of cast, et al, were computed and analyzed.
(4) The equipment of roller and shovel were designed for pressed snowclearance. The structure of roller was introduced. The blades of roller was analyzedand designed especially. The HtangentialH HresistanceH and Htraction forceH of roller werecalculated. The calculation results showed the loader could provide enough powerunder rated condition.
(5) The equipment of rolling brush was designed to clear residue floating snow.The structure parameters, rotate speed, stress, power of rolling brush werecomputed and analyzed. The parameters of fan blowing snow were HreasonablyHdetermined.
(6) The Hhydraulic controlH system of multifunction snow remover wasdesigned in accordance with the principle of clearing snow quickly and the loaderHfunctional recoveryH fast. The power HdistributionH of HhydraulicH motors in HhydrauliccontrolH system was calculated and designed. According to the work requirements,the parameters of motors were analyzed and computed. Finally, the motors wereselected.
(6) The roller was tested to clean the pressed snow by cutting and cracking.The equipment of spiral snow collection and centrifugal snow cast was tested to clear fresh snow. The results showed that the equipments meet the demand.
Snow remover is a sort of special equipment using in cleaning up the snowand ice on the roads to ensure driving safety and roads unblocked. In China, thesnow coverage is very large in winter. The tasks of removing the snow and ice onroads are very demanding, so the snow removers have a very big market. With ourcountry’s economic development, more and more freeways, crossroads, airfieldshave being built. But, the removers we currently have are too few to satisfy themarket needs. On the other hand, the imported new-types snow removers are veryexpensive and have to wait for a long time for the after services. Last but not least,these imported machines can’t adapt well our country’s road situations. From all ofabove, it could be seen that it has great important significance and economicadvantage to develop ourselves snow removers that fit our country’s snowingcoverage.
The research was performed with the research project“the design ofmultifunction snow remover”. According to the clearance method of differencetype snow, the multifunction snow remover was designed with the loader fortraction host, which had multi operation tools. The operation tools was designedand assembled based on the analysis and computation of its parameters for thepurpose of clearing difference type snow. The dissertation main includes thefollowing.
(1) The physical properties values of the snow, which included density,classification, hardness, anti-shear strength, friction property were analysis. TheHinteractional relationsH between road and snow were analyzed, which is theHfoundationH of the design of multifunction snow remover and the key parameters’ computation.
(2) More comprehensive classification methods of the snow removers wereprovided. The classification methods were summarized referring to as many asrelative materials. The parameters of loader and the tools of multifunction snowremover were analyzed and introduced. The functions of the snow tools wereintroduced detailed. The traction and power balance of the whole machine werecomputed and analyzed.
(3) To clear fresh snow, the equipment of spiral snow collection andcentrifugal snow cast was designed, and its structure was introduced. The powerand rotate speed of spiral snow collection, the power and rotate speed of centrifugalsnow cast, the distance of cast, et al, were computed and analyzed.
(4) The equipment of roller and shovel were designed for pressed snowclearance. The structure of roller was introduced. The blades of roller was analyzedand designed especially. The HtangentialH HresistanceH and Htraction forceH of roller werecalculated. The calculation results showed the loader could provide enough powerunder rated condition.
(5) The equipment of rolling brush was designed to clear residue floating snow.The structure parameters, rotate speed, stress, power of rolling brush werecomputed and analyzed. The parameters of fan blowing snow were HreasonablyHdetermined.
(6) The Hhydraulic controlH system of multifunction snow remover wasdesigned in accordance with the principle of clearing snow quickly and the loaderHfunctional recoveryH fast. The power HdistributionH of HhydraulicH motors in HhydrauliccontrolH system was calculated and designed. According to the work requirements,the parameters of motors were analyzed and computed. Finally, the motors wereselected.
(6) The roller was tested to clean the pressed snow by cutting and cracking.The equipment of spiral snow collection and centrifugal snow cast was tested to clear fresh snow. The results showed that the equipments meet the demand.
引文
[1] 田晋跃. 国外道路除雪机械技术发展概况[J].专用汽车,2001,(4):43-44.
[2] 姬光才.日本除雪机械的发展及现状[J].筑路机械与施工机械化,1996(01).
[3] 张 哲,王潮海.美国公路冬季养护新技术[J].吉林交通科技,2000 (01).
[4] 廉在燮,谢根宝.高速公路除冰机械的探讨[J].吉林交通科技,1994(01).
[5] 张 哲,王潮海.美国公路冬季养护新技术[J].吉林交通科技,2000 (01).
[6] 王 振.国内除雪除冰机械现状邹议[J].工程机械,2002(07).
[7] 王 波.高效环保的机场跑道除冰液[J].民航科技,2000(03).
[8] 瓜景云.路面冰雪清除装置[J].筑路机械与施工机械,1989(02).
[9] 刘杰,郑训.公路工程机械的合理使用—装载机[J].工程机械与维修,1997(06).
[10] 高存厚,陆季挺.道路冰雪清除方法及其运用[J].山东交通科技,2000(07).
[11] 魏玉新,李 雷.冰雪清除法与产品开发[J].机械工程师,1999(08).
[12] 郑训、张世英等. 路及与路面机械[M]. 北京:机械工业出版社,2001:228-236.
[13] 方福森. 路面工程[M]. 北京:人民交通出版社,1998:1-8.
[14] H.φ.БOЧAPOBA:KOHCTPYИPOBAHИE И PacЧer KoЛecHиX MaЩИH BЦcokoИ ΠpoxoЛИЦИ. ocTИ,1983.
[15] 崔宪江编译. 除雪机械[M]. 北京:人民交通出版社,1988.
[16] 杨世敏、吴国进等. 高等级公路养护机械[M]. 北京:机械工业出版社,2003:188-204.
[17] 张荣滚. 公路养护机械[M]. 北京:人民交通出版社,2003:116-119.
[18] 马文星、邓洪超. 筑路与养护路机械[M]. 北京:化学工业出版社,2005:177-204.
[19] 徐东明、刘莉莉. 除雪车的设计计算[J]. 专用汽车,2001,(4):9-10.
[20] 王国安. 除雪机械结构原理和计算要点[J]. 建筑机械化,1995,(1):22-25.
[21] Von Bruins D H. und Dr?ger.Hans-Jürgen., Werkzeuge und Werkzeugmaschinen.Teil1, Carl Hanser Verlag, munchen, Wien 1975.
[22] Kronenberg.M.Grundzüge der Zerspanungslehre Zweitei Band.Springer-Verlag,1963.
[23] 陈元基. 压实机械与路面机械设计[M]. 北京:机械工业出版社,1985:169-179.
[24] 张长荣,振动压裂式破冰雪机的研制[J].筑路机械与施工机械化,1999(06).
[25] “Take special precaution to keep snow remuval equipment efficient and safe”,Clening & Maintenance Management,2001,37(9)
[26] By Bob Tracinski,“Snow removal safety”,Claning Maintenance Management,2001,36(9)
[27]“NEW SNOW REMOVAL GADGETS GET CONCEPT TEST”,Better roads,2000,70(12).
[28] Tan,Han-Shue:Bougler,Benodicte,Snowplow steering quidence system using roadway markers-problem formulation and solution concept,Vehile System Dynamics,1999;32(1).
[29] Kanemura,Naotoshi,Road snow removal and the snowfall information system in the City of Sapporo,Transportion Research Record,1998(1627).
[30] Campbell,James F: Langevin, Andre,Operations management for urban snow removal ang disposal,Transportation Research,Part A: Policy and Practice,1995,29(5).
[31] Fleege,E.J;Blackburn,R.R.,Spreader, equipment for anti-icing, Transportion Reseerch Recod,1995(1509).
[32] 《倾斜动线形成犁体曲面研究》课题组. 倾斜动线形成犁体曲面研究[M]. 北京:科学技术文献出版社,1978:1-65.
[33] 唐文初. 旋转机械式路面破冰雪装置[J]. 机械设计,1996,(9):28-30.
[34] 桂宏宙、甘小阳. 机场地面保障专用车辆的特点及发展前景[J]. 专用汽车,1999,(2):3-6.
[35] 彭旭东、谢友柏. 冰雪路面汽车轮胎的摩擦机理研究. 汽车技术,1998,(4):10-13.
[36] 赵恩棠. 道路除雪融冰的措施[J]. 东北公路,1994:28-37.
[37] 王佩玲. 除雪车的自动控制技术[J]. 专用汽车,1993,(2):58-61.
[38] 陆季挺、宋福荣等. FCX-1 型除雪机[J]. 建筑机械,2000,(12):41-42.
[39] Arshinov V, Alekseev G. Metal Cutting Theory and Cutting Tool Design. Moscow. 1976.
[40] 彭旭东.冰雪路面汽车轮胎的摩擦机理研究[J].汽车技术,1998(04).
[41] 张长荣. 除雪机配用车辆的选择与应用[J]. 建筑机械化,2000,(1):41-42.
[42] 邓洪超、马文星. DQX 路面除雪车浮雪铲除雪作业模型[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版),2005,(4):381-385.
[43] Debbie L.Feldman,Developing Technology Improves Snow and Ice Control,Public Works,1999,130(4).
[44] “Nimble Snowplow Trucks Sized for Expanding JJURBAN Interface Zones”, Public Works[J],2000,(8)131-134.
[45] Li Shenglin,Meng Xiangshuan,Qiu Xuting. The road sweeping-snow devices in country and overseas[J].Road machinery & construction mechanization: 2003(1)17—19
[46] Kempainen A, Milacic D ,etc. Modeling and testing snow ploughing forces on trucks[J]. International journal of vehicle design: 1998,(4):472—491
[47] Tan H-S, Bougler B, Steinfeld A. Snowplow steering guidance with gain stabilization[J].Vehicle system dynamics:2001,(36):279—305
[48] Feng shulin, Chen Gang, Wang Chunsheng. Snow removing on expressway in winter[J]. Road machinery & construction mechanization: 2004,(1):31—32
[49] Li Jing,Zhang Junrong. The dry-snow characteristic measuring in more frequency area and comparing with the calculated results by theoretics[J].Remote sensing technology and application:1994,(4):9—13
[50] 周松波,张凌志等.除雪机弹性避让装置[J].建筑机械,2001 年,第 6 期。
[51] 李介非,吴书琴.除雪机除雪部件的试验研究[J].机械工程师,1995(02).
[52] 诸文农. 履带推土机结构与设计[M]. 北京:机械工业出版社,1986:121-138.
[53] 周复光. 铲土运输机械设计与计算[M]. 北京:水利电力出版社,1988:1-117.
[2] 姬光才.日本除雪机械的发展及现状[J].筑路机械与施工机械化,1996(01).
[3] 张 哲,王潮海.美国公路冬季养护新技术[J].吉林交通科技,2000 (01).
[4] 廉在燮,谢根宝.高速公路除冰机械的探讨[J].吉林交通科技,1994(01).
[5] 张 哲,王潮海.美国公路冬季养护新技术[J].吉林交通科技,2000 (01).
[6] 王 振.国内除雪除冰机械现状邹议[J].工程机械,2002(07).
[7] 王 波.高效环保的机场跑道除冰液[J].民航科技,2000(03).
[8] 瓜景云.路面冰雪清除装置[J].筑路机械与施工机械,1989(02).
[9] 刘杰,郑训.公路工程机械的合理使用—装载机[J].工程机械与维修,1997(06).
[10] 高存厚,陆季挺.道路冰雪清除方法及其运用[J].山东交通科技,2000(07).
[11] 魏玉新,李 雷.冰雪清除法与产品开发[J].机械工程师,1999(08).
[12] 郑训、张世英等. 路及与路面机械[M]. 北京:机械工业出版社,2001:228-236.
[13] 方福森. 路面工程[M]. 北京:人民交通出版社,1998:1-8.
[14] H.φ.БOЧAPOBA:KOHCTPYИPOBAHИE И PacЧer KoЛecHиX MaЩИH BЦcokoИ ΠpoxoЛИЦИ. ocTИ,1983.
[15] 崔宪江编译. 除雪机械[M]. 北京:人民交通出版社,1988.
[16] 杨世敏、吴国进等. 高等级公路养护机械[M]. 北京:机械工业出版社,2003:188-204.
[17] 张荣滚. 公路养护机械[M]. 北京:人民交通出版社,2003:116-119.
[18] 马文星、邓洪超. 筑路与养护路机械[M]. 北京:化学工业出版社,2005:177-204.
[19] 徐东明、刘莉莉. 除雪车的设计计算[J]. 专用汽车,2001,(4):9-10.
[20] 王国安. 除雪机械结构原理和计算要点[J]. 建筑机械化,1995,(1):22-25.
[21] Von Bruins D H. und Dr?ger.Hans-Jürgen., Werkzeuge und Werkzeugmaschinen.Teil1, Carl Hanser Verlag, munchen, Wien 1975.
[22] Kronenberg.M.Grundzüge der Zerspanungslehre Zweitei Band.Springer-Verlag,1963.
[23] 陈元基. 压实机械与路面机械设计[M]. 北京:机械工业出版社,1985:169-179.
[24] 张长荣,振动压裂式破冰雪机的研制[J].筑路机械与施工机械化,1999(06).
[25] “Take special precaution to keep snow remuval equipment efficient and safe”,Clening & Maintenance Management,2001,37(9)
[26] By Bob Tracinski,“Snow removal safety”,Claning Maintenance Management,2001,36(9)
[27]“NEW SNOW REMOVAL GADGETS GET CONCEPT TEST”,Better roads,2000,70(12).
[28] Tan,Han-Shue:Bougler,Benodicte,Snowplow steering quidence system using roadway markers-problem formulation and solution concept,Vehile System Dynamics,1999;32(1).
[29] Kanemura,Naotoshi,Road snow removal and the snowfall information system in the City of Sapporo,Transportion Research Record,1998(1627).
[30] Campbell,James F: Langevin, Andre,Operations management for urban snow removal ang disposal,Transportation Research,Part A: Policy and Practice,1995,29(5).
[31] Fleege,E.J;Blackburn,R.R.,Spreader, equipment for anti-icing, Transportion Reseerch Recod,1995(1509).
[32] 《倾斜动线形成犁体曲面研究》课题组. 倾斜动线形成犁体曲面研究[M]. 北京:科学技术文献出版社,1978:1-65.
[33] 唐文初. 旋转机械式路面破冰雪装置[J]. 机械设计,1996,(9):28-30.
[34] 桂宏宙、甘小阳. 机场地面保障专用车辆的特点及发展前景[J]. 专用汽车,1999,(2):3-6.
[35] 彭旭东、谢友柏. 冰雪路面汽车轮胎的摩擦机理研究. 汽车技术,1998,(4):10-13.
[36] 赵恩棠. 道路除雪融冰的措施[J]. 东北公路,1994:28-37.
[37] 王佩玲. 除雪车的自动控制技术[J]. 专用汽车,1993,(2):58-61.
[38] 陆季挺、宋福荣等. FCX-1 型除雪机[J]. 建筑机械,2000,(12):41-42.
[39] Arshinov V, Alekseev G. Metal Cutting Theory and Cutting Tool Design. Moscow. 1976.
[40] 彭旭东.冰雪路面汽车轮胎的摩擦机理研究[J].汽车技术,1998(04).
[41] 张长荣. 除雪机配用车辆的选择与应用[J]. 建筑机械化,2000,(1):41-42.
[42] 邓洪超、马文星. DQX 路面除雪车浮雪铲除雪作业模型[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版),2005,(4):381-385.
[43] Debbie L.Feldman,Developing Technology Improves Snow and Ice Control,Public Works,1999,130(4).
[44] “Nimble Snowplow Trucks Sized for Expanding JJURBAN Interface Zones”, Public Works[J],2000,(8)131-134.
[45] Li Shenglin,Meng Xiangshuan,Qiu Xuting. The road sweeping-snow devices in country and overseas[J].Road machinery & construction mechanization: 2003(1)17—19
[46] Kempainen A, Milacic D ,etc. Modeling and testing snow ploughing forces on trucks[J]. International journal of vehicle design: 1998,(4):472—491
[47] Tan H-S, Bougler B, Steinfeld A. Snowplow steering guidance with gain stabilization[J].Vehicle system dynamics:2001,(36):279—305
[48] Feng shulin, Chen Gang, Wang Chunsheng. Snow removing on expressway in winter[J]. Road machinery & construction mechanization: 2004,(1):31—32
[49] Li Jing,Zhang Junrong. The dry-snow characteristic measuring in more frequency area and comparing with the calculated results by theoretics[J].Remote sensing technology and application:1994,(4):9—13
[50] 周松波,张凌志等.除雪机弹性避让装置[J].建筑机械,2001 年,第 6 期。
[51] 李介非,吴书琴.除雪机除雪部件的试验研究[J].机械工程师,1995(02).
[52] 诸文农. 履带推土机结构与设计[M]. 北京:机械工业出版社,1986:121-138.
[53] 周复光. 铲土运输机械设计与计算[M]. 北京:水利电力出版社,1988:1-117.