多功能路面清雪车侧雪铲研究
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摘要
本文结合国家经贸委“多功能路面清雪车”项目,针对一直以来困扰人们的新降雪及时清除问题,进行多功能清雪车侧雪铲(简称侧铲)的研究工作。主要研究内容如下:
(1)了解机械清雪的重要性及可行性。结合国内外目前的研究状况,明确清雪机械的发展趋势。
(2)研究积雪的物理机械性能。积雪作为侧铲的主要作业对象,其自身的性能对研究工作具有十分重要的意义。
(3)侧铲设计。结合目前先进的设计思想设计侧铲,并建立三维模型,进行运动仿真。
(4)整车受力及积雪的运动分析。计算清雪车在作业过程中整车的受力情况,分析各参数对清雪作业的影响;通过对雪单元体的研究,分析侧铲清雪作业时积雪的运动。
(5)稳定性分析。侧铲的特殊位置决定了其在作业过程中突出的稳定性问题。侧铲对清雪车作业稳定性的影响较大,需慎重考虑,才能保证清雪车安全作业。
Combined with the project of Multifunction Snow Remover's side shovel ofthe country economic trade committee,the paper researches the Snow Remover'sside shovel.
It's a common phenomenon that snows exist in many countries in winter. Thequestion of clearing snows in time, especially on streets and airports, puzzlespeople all the time. As a special machine, the multifunction snow remover shouldhave many merits, such as simple structure, easier operation, efficient and so on.The side shovel working together with the front shovel can increase the width ofclearing snows and improve efficiency.
The paper has researched the side shovel, which includes the performance ofsnows, the design of the side shovel, the strength of the whole machine when theside shovel working together with the front shovel, the moving track of snows andthe stability of the machine when it is working. The content mainly has severalaspects as followed:
Firstly, analyses the characteristics of snows. The ways of cleaning out snowsare decided by the characteristics of snows, which is very important for theresearch of action between snow and the machine. The characteristics of snowsconclude density, pressure, rigidity, humidity and friction between the shovel andsnows and so on, at the same time those parameters provide important gist for thedesign and the computation.
Secondly, designs the side shovel. It's the most important part in this paper,because the figure of the shovel board decides the efficiency of the side shovel.With the developing of the manufacture industry and technology in modern times,the skill of process complex cover has grown up, which offers technical guaranteefor the design of the shovel board. There are several kinds of sections of the shovelboard, such as camber, parabola, I involutes and II involutes. In this paper adoptsthe camber as the section of the shovel board. In this paper, the shovel board isdesigned with the three-dimensional design software, and the camber shovel boardis gained by intercepting taper cover.
Through setting up the three-dimensional model of the side shovel andprocessing sport simulation, the whole position can be knew, meantime saving thetime of modifying the design. The result of simulation makes the movement of theside shovel known. Process of the simulation reflects the original intention of thedesign, every part cooperates on reason, and the dimension of the flex setting couldsatisfy the demand of open-close athletic.The front and behind drag-frame have thefunction of connection and support. The former and behind stand-pole journeycould meet the requirements of the rising and the falling of the side shovel, and
make the snow remover work normally.Thirdly, analyses the forces of the whole machine. The side shovel and thefront shovel will get resistances of snows when they work together,but the powerafforded by the vehicle chassis is restricted, if the resistance increasing, themaximal working speed will reduce. At the same time, the result attests themovement of the snow in the side shovel. The simulation process of snows movingcan come true by using software. The course of the research is carried out by theway of the fluxionary, a snow-cell is used as the research object, and the snow'sathletics on the whole shovel is reflected by the athletics of the snow cell. Thesnow-cell gets the force effecting from the side shovel and the counterforce of thearound snow. The snow cell makes circumrotation athletics, and then flies off fromone end of the side shovel.The result of the simulation indicates that the snow cell is shot off fartheraway from the machine, reflects the whole snows on the surface of the shovel alsodo the same action in the working course, and proves the design of shovel board ofthe side shovel is reasonable.Fourthly, the side shovel affects the stability of the whole machine. Thespecial position decides the stability of the working process. The research on thestability includes lateral stability in vertical and circumrotation or slippage stabilityin horizontal. The side shovel is lifted by the rise-fall setting, and produces sidemoment, which reflects the stability in horizontal. The side shovel workingtogether with the front shovel, the resistance of snows would bring a side runningor slippage moment, which reflects the stability of snow remover in horizontal.Theresults of the calculation indicates that the stability in vertical has little influence,but when the speed is not too high, the snow remover wouldn't do slippagemovement , it will work normally.In this paper, the design of the side shovel and the force of the machine havebeen researched, the snow's movement with the side shovel operation has beenanalyzed, and the influence of the side shovel to the stability of the machine alsohas been researched. Some work will be continuously done in the future.Firstly, do experiments about the side shovel. After the sample machine of theside shovel is produced, a series of experiments should be done, and credible datacan be gained, the deficiency of the design could be validated, and the designshould be amended.Secondly, do the static analysis of the side shovel. If the every part of the sideshovel's design all adopt bigger safety factor, then wastes raw materials.Immobile-force analysis of every part should be done in the design, then thematerial will be confirmed according to the result of the analysis, and it will savethe material and reduce the cost.Thirdly, do more research on the shape of the side shovel. To optimize thedesign of the shape of the side shovel will be carried out by using the ADAMSsoftware. The shape of the side shovel should shoot the snow off farthest. Throughsign and change the variable of the design gradually in the course of the
optimization, the shape of the side shovel is changed, and the most reasonableresult is got.
(1)了解机械清雪的重要性及可行性。结合国内外目前的研究状况,明确清雪机械的发展趋势。
(2)研究积雪的物理机械性能。积雪作为侧铲的主要作业对象,其自身的性能对研究工作具有十分重要的意义。
(3)侧铲设计。结合目前先进的设计思想设计侧铲,并建立三维模型,进行运动仿真。
(4)整车受力及积雪的运动分析。计算清雪车在作业过程中整车的受力情况,分析各参数对清雪作业的影响;通过对雪单元体的研究,分析侧铲清雪作业时积雪的运动。
(5)稳定性分析。侧铲的特殊位置决定了其在作业过程中突出的稳定性问题。侧铲对清雪车作业稳定性的影响较大,需慎重考虑,才能保证清雪车安全作业。
Combined with the project of Multifunction Snow Remover's side shovel ofthe country economic trade committee,the paper researches the Snow Remover'sside shovel.
It's a common phenomenon that snows exist in many countries in winter. Thequestion of clearing snows in time, especially on streets and airports, puzzlespeople all the time. As a special machine, the multifunction snow remover shouldhave many merits, such as simple structure, easier operation, efficient and so on.The side shovel working together with the front shovel can increase the width ofclearing snows and improve efficiency.
The paper has researched the side shovel, which includes the performance ofsnows, the design of the side shovel, the strength of the whole machine when theside shovel working together with the front shovel, the moving track of snows andthe stability of the machine when it is working. The content mainly has severalaspects as followed:
Firstly, analyses the characteristics of snows. The ways of cleaning out snowsare decided by the characteristics of snows, which is very important for theresearch of action between snow and the machine. The characteristics of snowsconclude density, pressure, rigidity, humidity and friction between the shovel andsnows and so on, at the same time those parameters provide important gist for thedesign and the computation.
Secondly, designs the side shovel. It's the most important part in this paper,because the figure of the shovel board decides the efficiency of the side shovel.With the developing of the manufacture industry and technology in modern times,the skill of process complex cover has grown up, which offers technical guaranteefor the design of the shovel board. There are several kinds of sections of the shovelboard, such as camber, parabola, I involutes and II involutes. In this paper adoptsthe camber as the section of the shovel board. In this paper, the shovel board isdesigned with the three-dimensional design software, and the camber shovel boardis gained by intercepting taper cover.
Through setting up the three-dimensional model of the side shovel andprocessing sport simulation, the whole position can be knew, meantime saving thetime of modifying the design. The result of simulation makes the movement of theside shovel known. Process of the simulation reflects the original intention of thedesign, every part cooperates on reason, and the dimension of the flex setting couldsatisfy the demand of open-close athletic.The front and behind drag-frame have thefunction of connection and support. The former and behind stand-pole journeycould meet the requirements of the rising and the falling of the side shovel, and
make the snow remover work normally.Thirdly, analyses the forces of the whole machine. The side shovel and thefront shovel will get resistances of snows when they work together,but the powerafforded by the vehicle chassis is restricted, if the resistance increasing, themaximal working speed will reduce. At the same time, the result attests themovement of the snow in the side shovel. The simulation process of snows movingcan come true by using software. The course of the research is carried out by theway of the fluxionary, a snow-cell is used as the research object, and the snow'sathletics on the whole shovel is reflected by the athletics of the snow cell. Thesnow-cell gets the force effecting from the side shovel and the counterforce of thearound snow. The snow cell makes circumrotation athletics, and then flies off fromone end of the side shovel.The result of the simulation indicates that the snow cell is shot off fartheraway from the machine, reflects the whole snows on the surface of the shovel alsodo the same action in the working course, and proves the design of shovel board ofthe side shovel is reasonable.Fourthly, the side shovel affects the stability of the whole machine. Thespecial position decides the stability of the working process. The research on thestability includes lateral stability in vertical and circumrotation or slippage stabilityin horizontal. The side shovel is lifted by the rise-fall setting, and produces sidemoment, which reflects the stability in horizontal. The side shovel workingtogether with the front shovel, the resistance of snows would bring a side runningor slippage moment, which reflects the stability of snow remover in horizontal.Theresults of the calculation indicates that the stability in vertical has little influence,but when the speed is not too high, the snow remover wouldn't do slippagemovement , it will work normally.In this paper, the design of the side shovel and the force of the machine havebeen researched, the snow's movement with the side shovel operation has beenanalyzed, and the influence of the side shovel to the stability of the machine alsohas been researched. Some work will be continuously done in the future.Firstly, do experiments about the side shovel. After the sample machine of theside shovel is produced, a series of experiments should be done, and credible datacan be gained, the deficiency of the design could be validated, and the designshould be amended.Secondly, do the static analysis of the side shovel. If the every part of the sideshovel's design all adopt bigger safety factor, then wastes raw materials.Immobile-force analysis of every part should be done in the design, then thematerial will be confirmed according to the result of the analysis, and it will savethe material and reduce the cost.Thirdly, do more research on the shape of the side shovel. To optimize thedesign of the shape of the side shovel will be carried out by using the ADAMSsoftware. The shape of the side shovel should shoot the snow off farthest. Throughsign and change the variable of the design gradually in the course of the
optimization, the shape of the side shovel is changed, and the most reasonableresult is got.
引文
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[2] 田晋跃.国外道路除雪机械技术发展概况[J]. 专用汽车,2001,(04):43-44.
[3] 张红兵.科学技术促进除雪方式发展[J].发展商用汽车,2005,(10):75-77.
[4] 杨光,黄庆春,李广鹏,王柏刚.CL3.6 型犁式除雪装置的开发研制[J].Road Machinery & Construction Mechanization,1998,(03):10-12.
[5] 王涛,张永梅.国内外路面养护机械的技术水平及发展趋势(续)[J].建设机械技术与管理,1997,(03):39-42.
[6] 陆季挺,宋福荣,王勇. FCX-1 型除雪机[J]. 建筑机械,2000,(12):41-42.
[7] 姬光才.日本除雪机械的发展及现状[J]. 筑路机械与施工机械化,1996,(01): 41-42.
[8] 王智明,张连富.中国除雪机械现状及发展趋势[J].Road Machinery & Construction Mechanization.1999,(06):4-5.
[9] 杜鸣青.小型螺杆式清雪车研究[D].南京理工大学,硕士学位论文,2004.
[10] 王振.国内除雪除冰机械现状刍议[J].工程机械,2001,(06):46-47.
[11] 李晶.小型旋转式清雪车的总体设计和三维绘图[D].大连铁道学院,硕士学位论文,2003:30-50.
[12] 中国科学院兰州冰川冻土沙漠研究室.兰州大学地质地理系[M].北京:冰雪世界科学出版社,1978.
[13] 付建华.路面冰雪清除机研究.吉林大学机械科学与工程学院[D],硕士学位论文,2003:1-25.
[14] 李军.ADAMS 实例教程[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2002:50-20.
[15] 郑建荣.ADAMS——虚拟样机技术入门与提高[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[16] 封飚.汽车动力学特性仿真分析与 ADAMS 软件[J].城市车辆,2001,(03):13-15.
[17] 王利,巢凯年.ADAMS/Car 在汽车动力学仿真中的应用[J]. 四川工业学院学报, 2004,(09):154-157.
[18] 杜中华,狄长春,王兴贵.在 adams 中对零部件不规则曲面受力磨损后状态的近似模拟[J].机械研究与应用, 2002,(09):61-62.
[19] 高钦和,郭晓松.基于 ADAMS 的多级液压缸系统仿真建模[J].机床与液压 2003, (01):93-95.
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