多功能清雪车前雪铲仿真分析与改进研究
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摘要
本文结合国家经贸委项目“多功能路面清雪车”的试制样车——DQX型清雪车前雪铲进行研究。通过对铲板空间曲面、避障四杆机构、整车性能匹配的研究,提出改进方案。研究内容包括:以UG建模为基础,进行清除积雪的运动分析;避障四杆机构的Adams仿真分析;整车性能分析计算;以分析、计算结论为基础改进设计。
本文的主要工作如下:
(1)研究分析清雪车的国内外现状及发展趋势,总结清雪车分类。
(2)建立DQX清雪车前雪铲三维模型作为分析改进的基础。
(3)考虑除雪作业要求、工艺性、结构性等因素,参照相关试验数据选取合适的前雪铲结构参数。对前雪铲铲板空间曲面进行建模、分析、设计。
(4)利用球面三角形等相关知识求解雪在铲板上运动轨迹,验证前雪铲铲板空间曲面设计的合理性。
(5)对原避障机构进行仿真分析,改进不合理之处,使铲刃避障轨迹为上凸曲线。
(6)通过除雪车作业计算,分析前雪铲作业时整车的侧向稳定性、牵引特性及功率匹配特性,提出改进方案。
Snow remover (also called snow plow) is the special equipment used for cleaning up the snow and ice on the roads to ensure the communication safeties. In China, the snow coverage is very large in winter. The tasks of removing the snow and ice on roads are very demanding, so the snow removers have a very big market. With our country’s economic development, more and more freeways, crossroads, airfields were built. But, the removers we currently have are too few to satisfy the market needs. On the other hand, the imported new-types snow removers are very expensive and have to wait for a long time for the after services.
Last but not least, these imported machines can’t adapt well our country’s road situations. From all of above, it could be seen that it has great important significance and economic advantage to develop ourselves snow removers that fit our country’s snowing coverage.
This research was performed with the sample vehicle——DQX multifunction snow remover, which is the research program of the Sate Economic and Trade Commission. The single-direction plows are the most popular of all types’equipments of the snow removers. With regard the front shovel, the main research tasks are the structure design, the space shape design of the shovel surface, the research of the spring obstacles-avoiding mechanisms, the matching calculation and analysis of the whole truck’s capacities. As the ranges of the physical properties values of the snow are very large, and the road conditions are very complex, the design, analysis, and calculation of the snow removers have the characters of the experimentations and practices. To save the resources and shorten the development cycle, these research methods were adopted, such as, using UG software to build the model, analyzing the removed snow’s track directly on the model, using Adams to simulate the structure of avoiding obstacles, and using relative experience data to calculate the whole
本文的主要工作如下:
(1)研究分析清雪车的国内外现状及发展趋势,总结清雪车分类。
(2)建立DQX清雪车前雪铲三维模型作为分析改进的基础。
(3)考虑除雪作业要求、工艺性、结构性等因素,参照相关试验数据选取合适的前雪铲结构参数。对前雪铲铲板空间曲面进行建模、分析、设计。
(4)利用球面三角形等相关知识求解雪在铲板上运动轨迹,验证前雪铲铲板空间曲面设计的合理性。
(5)对原避障机构进行仿真分析,改进不合理之处,使铲刃避障轨迹为上凸曲线。
(6)通过除雪车作业计算,分析前雪铲作业时整车的侧向稳定性、牵引特性及功率匹配特性,提出改进方案。
Snow remover (also called snow plow) is the special equipment used for cleaning up the snow and ice on the roads to ensure the communication safeties. In China, the snow coverage is very large in winter. The tasks of removing the snow and ice on roads are very demanding, so the snow removers have a very big market. With our country’s economic development, more and more freeways, crossroads, airfields were built. But, the removers we currently have are too few to satisfy the market needs. On the other hand, the imported new-types snow removers are very expensive and have to wait for a long time for the after services.
Last but not least, these imported machines can’t adapt well our country’s road situations. From all of above, it could be seen that it has great important significance and economic advantage to develop ourselves snow removers that fit our country’s snowing coverage.
This research was performed with the sample vehicle——DQX multifunction snow remover, which is the research program of the Sate Economic and Trade Commission. The single-direction plows are the most popular of all types’equipments of the snow removers. With regard the front shovel, the main research tasks are the structure design, the space shape design of the shovel surface, the research of the spring obstacles-avoiding mechanisms, the matching calculation and analysis of the whole truck’s capacities. As the ranges of the physical properties values of the snow are very large, and the road conditions are very complex, the design, analysis, and calculation of the snow removers have the characters of the experimentations and practices. To save the resources and shorten the development cycle, these research methods were adopted, such as, using UG software to build the model, analyzing the removed snow’s track directly on the model, using Adams to simulate the structure of avoiding obstacles, and using relative experience data to calculate the whole
引文
[1] 郑训、张世英等. 路基与路面机械[M]. 北京:机械工业出版社,2001:228-236.
[2] 方福森. 路面工程[M]. 北京:人民交通出版社,1998:1-8.
[3] 崔宪江编译. 除雪机械[M]. 北京:人民交通出版社,1988.
[4] 杨世敏、吴国进等. 高等级公路养护机械[M]. 北京:机械工业出版社,2003:188-204.
[5] 陈元基. 压实机械与路面机械设计[M]. 北京:机械工业出版社,1985:169-179.
[6] 张荣滚. 公路养护机械[M]. 北京:人民交通出版社,2003:116-119.
[7] 诸文农. 履带推土机结构与设计[M]. 北京:机械工业出版社,1986:121-138.
[8] 马文星、邓洪超. 筑路与养护路机械[M]. 北京:化学工业出版社,2005:177-204.
[9] 武汉水利电力学院编著. 工程曲面的几何计算与展开[M]. 北京:水利出版社, 1980:20-73.
[10] 苏联Л.В.格亚捷夫. 犁体曲面理论[M]. 北京:中国工业出版社,1964:1-88.
[11] 复旦大学数学系. 曲线与曲面[M]. 北京:科学出版社,1977:34-107.
[12] 朱心雄. 自由曲线曲面造型技术[M]. 北京:科学出版社,2000:1-31
[13] 周复光. 铲土运输机械设计与计算[M]. 北京:水利电力出版社,1988:1-117.
[14] 《倾斜动线形成犁体曲面研究》课题组. 倾斜动线形成犁体曲面研究[M]. 北京:科学技术文献出版社,1978:1-65.
[15] 陈育仪. 工程机械优化设计[M]. 北京:中国铁道出版社,1987:245-308.
[16] 关文达. 汽车构造[M]. 北京:清华大学出版社,2004:209-389.
[17] 余志生. 汽车理论[M]. 北京:机械工业出版社,1996:1-35.
[18] 代汝泉. 汽车运行性能[M]. 北京:国防工业出版社,2003:46-202.
[19] 孙桓、陈作模. 机械原理[M]. 北京:高等教育出版社,2001:188-236.
[20] 曾正明. 实用工程材料技术手册[M]. 北京:机械工业出版社,2000:1-52,136-151,316-382,503-518.
[21] 赵波、龚勉、屠建中. UG CAD 实用教程[M]. 北京:清华大学出版社,2004
[22] 耿鲁怡、徐六飞编译. UG 结构分析培训教程[M]. 北京:清华大学出版社,2004,20-79.
[23] 李开林、李维等. UG NX2 工业设计培训教程[M]. 北京:清华大学出版社,2004,9-165.
[24] 严翼飞编译. UG 钣金设计培训教程[M]. 北京:清华大学出版社,2002:217-241.
[25] 胡晓康编译. UG 运动分析培训教程[M]. 北京:清华大学出版社,2004,279-293.
[26] 郑建荣. ADAMS—虚拟样机技术入门与提高[M] 北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[27] [美]Edward B. Magrab 等. MATLAB 原理与工程应用[M]. 北京:电子工业出版社,207-212
[28] Unigraphics Solutions Inc. Practical Applications of Unigraphics Volume one [M]. United States of America. 2004.
[29] Unigraphics Solutions Inc. Design Applications Using Unigraphics [M]. United States of America. 2004.
[30] 周松波、张凌志等. 除雪机械弹性避让装置[J]. 建筑机械,2001,(6):23-25.
[31] 李乔非、吴书琴. 除雪机除雪部件的试验研究[J]. 机械工程师,1995,(2):12-13.
[32] 徐东明、刘莉莉. 除雪车的设计计算[J]. 专用汽车,2001,(4):9-10.
[33] 唐文初. 旋转机械式路面破冰雪装置[J]. 机械设计,1996,(9):28-30.
[34] 桂宏宙、甘小阳. 机场地面保障专用车辆的特点及发展前景[J]. 专用汽车,1999,(2):3-6.
[35] 彭旭东、谢友柏. 冰雪路面汽车轮胎的摩擦机理研究. 汽车技术,1998,(4):10-13.
[36] 赵恩棠. 道路除雪融冰的措施[J]. 东北公路,1994:28-37.
[37] 王佩玲. 除雪车的自动控制技术[J]. 专用汽车,1993,(2):58-61.
[38] 陆季挺、宋福荣等. FCX-1 型除雪机. 建筑机械,2000,(12):41-42.
[39] 王国安. 除雪机械结构原理和计算要点. 建筑机械化,1995,(1):22-25.
[40] 田晋跃. 国外道路除雪机械技术发展概况. 专用汽车,2001,(4):43-44.
[41] 张长荣. 除雪机配用车辆的选择与应用. 建筑机械化,2000,(1):41-42.
[42] 邓洪超、马文星. DQX 路面除雪车浮雪铲除雪作业模型. 吉林大学学报(工学版),2005,(4):381-385.
[43] 付建华.路面冰雪清除机研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2003:1-10.
[44] “Take special precaution to keep snow removal equipment efficient and safe”,Cleaning & Maintenance Management[J],2001,(9):37-40.
[45] By Bob Tracinski,“Snow removal safety”,Cleaning Maintenance Management[J], 2001,(9):36-38.
[46] “New Snow Removal Gadgets Get Concept Test”, Better roads[J], 2000,(12):70-73.
[47] “Nimble Snowplow Trucks Sized for Expanding JJURBAN Interface Zones”, Public Works[J],2000,(8)131-134.
[48] Tan, Han-Shue: Bougler, Benodicte, Snowplow steering system using roadway markers-problem formulation and solution concept, Vehicle System Dynamics[J], 1999,(1):32-38.
[49] Kanemura, Naotoshi, Road snow removal and the snowfall information system in the City of Sapporo, Transportation Research Record[J],1998(16):27-30.
[50] Campbell,James F: Langevin, Andre, Operations management for urban snow removal and disposal, Transportation Research, Part A: Policy and Practice[J], 1995,(5):29-30.
[51] Fleege, E.J; Blackburn, R.R., Spreader, equipment for anti-icing, Transportation Research Record[J], 1995(09):15-18.
[52] Debbie L.Feldman, Developing Technology Improves Snow and Ice Control, Public Works[J],1999,(4):130-136.
[53] Li Shenglin,Meng Xiangshuan,Qiu Xuting. The road sweeping-snow devicesin country and overseas[J].Road machinery & construction mechanization: 2003(1)17—19
[54] Kempainen A, Milacic D ,etc. Modeling and testing snow ploughing forces on trucks[J]. International journal of vehicle design: 1998,(4):472—491
[55] Tan H-S, Bougler B, Steinfeld A. Snowplow steering guidance with gain stabilization[J].Vehicle system dynamics:2001,(36):279—305
[56] Feng shulin, Chen Gang, Wang Chunsheng. Snow removing on expressway in winter[J]. Road machinery & construction mechanization: 2004,(1):31—32
[57] Li Jing,Zhang Junrong. The dry-snow characteristic measuring in more frequency area and comparing with the calculated results by theoretic[J].Remote sensing technology and application:1994,(4):9—13
[2] 方福森. 路面工程[M]. 北京:人民交通出版社,1998:1-8.
[3] 崔宪江编译. 除雪机械[M]. 北京:人民交通出版社,1988.
[4] 杨世敏、吴国进等. 高等级公路养护机械[M]. 北京:机械工业出版社,2003:188-204.
[5] 陈元基. 压实机械与路面机械设计[M]. 北京:机械工业出版社,1985:169-179.
[6] 张荣滚. 公路养护机械[M]. 北京:人民交通出版社,2003:116-119.
[7] 诸文农. 履带推土机结构与设计[M]. 北京:机械工业出版社,1986:121-138.
[8] 马文星、邓洪超. 筑路与养护路机械[M]. 北京:化学工业出版社,2005:177-204.
[9] 武汉水利电力学院编著. 工程曲面的几何计算与展开[M]. 北京:水利出版社, 1980:20-73.
[10] 苏联Л.В.格亚捷夫. 犁体曲面理论[M]. 北京:中国工业出版社,1964:1-88.
[11] 复旦大学数学系. 曲线与曲面[M]. 北京:科学出版社,1977:34-107.
[12] 朱心雄. 自由曲线曲面造型技术[M]. 北京:科学出版社,2000:1-31
[13] 周复光. 铲土运输机械设计与计算[M]. 北京:水利电力出版社,1988:1-117.
[14] 《倾斜动线形成犁体曲面研究》课题组. 倾斜动线形成犁体曲面研究[M]. 北京:科学技术文献出版社,1978:1-65.
[15] 陈育仪. 工程机械优化设计[M]. 北京:中国铁道出版社,1987:245-308.
[16] 关文达. 汽车构造[M]. 北京:清华大学出版社,2004:209-389.
[17] 余志生. 汽车理论[M]. 北京:机械工业出版社,1996:1-35.
[18] 代汝泉. 汽车运行性能[M]. 北京:国防工业出版社,2003:46-202.
[19] 孙桓、陈作模. 机械原理[M]. 北京:高等教育出版社,2001:188-236.
[20] 曾正明. 实用工程材料技术手册[M]. 北京:机械工业出版社,2000:1-52,136-151,316-382,503-518.
[21] 赵波、龚勉、屠建中. UG CAD 实用教程[M]. 北京:清华大学出版社,2004
[22] 耿鲁怡、徐六飞编译. UG 结构分析培训教程[M]. 北京:清华大学出版社,2004,20-79.
[23] 李开林、李维等. UG NX2 工业设计培训教程[M]. 北京:清华大学出版社,2004,9-165.
[24] 严翼飞编译. UG 钣金设计培训教程[M]. 北京:清华大学出版社,2002:217-241.
[25] 胡晓康编译. UG 运动分析培训教程[M]. 北京:清华大学出版社,2004,279-293.
[26] 郑建荣. ADAMS—虚拟样机技术入门与提高[M] 北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[27] [美]Edward B. Magrab 等. MATLAB 原理与工程应用[M]. 北京:电子工业出版社,207-212
[28] Unigraphics Solutions Inc. Practical Applications of Unigraphics Volume one [M]. United States of America. 2004.
[29] Unigraphics Solutions Inc. Design Applications Using Unigraphics [M]. United States of America. 2004.
[30] 周松波、张凌志等. 除雪机械弹性避让装置[J]. 建筑机械,2001,(6):23-25.
[31] 李乔非、吴书琴. 除雪机除雪部件的试验研究[J]. 机械工程师,1995,(2):12-13.
[32] 徐东明、刘莉莉. 除雪车的设计计算[J]. 专用汽车,2001,(4):9-10.
[33] 唐文初. 旋转机械式路面破冰雪装置[J]. 机械设计,1996,(9):28-30.
[34] 桂宏宙、甘小阳. 机场地面保障专用车辆的特点及发展前景[J]. 专用汽车,1999,(2):3-6.
[35] 彭旭东、谢友柏. 冰雪路面汽车轮胎的摩擦机理研究. 汽车技术,1998,(4):10-13.
[36] 赵恩棠. 道路除雪融冰的措施[J]. 东北公路,1994:28-37.
[37] 王佩玲. 除雪车的自动控制技术[J]. 专用汽车,1993,(2):58-61.
[38] 陆季挺、宋福荣等. FCX-1 型除雪机. 建筑机械,2000,(12):41-42.
[39] 王国安. 除雪机械结构原理和计算要点. 建筑机械化,1995,(1):22-25.
[40] 田晋跃. 国外道路除雪机械技术发展概况. 专用汽车,2001,(4):43-44.
[41] 张长荣. 除雪机配用车辆的选择与应用. 建筑机械化,2000,(1):41-42.
[42] 邓洪超、马文星. DQX 路面除雪车浮雪铲除雪作业模型. 吉林大学学报(工学版),2005,(4):381-385.
[43] 付建华.路面冰雪清除机研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2003:1-10.
[44] “Take special precaution to keep snow removal equipment efficient and safe”,Cleaning & Maintenance Management[J],2001,(9):37-40.
[45] By Bob Tracinski,“Snow removal safety”,Cleaning Maintenance Management[J], 2001,(9):36-38.
[46] “New Snow Removal Gadgets Get Concept Test”, Better roads[J], 2000,(12):70-73.
[47] “Nimble Snowplow Trucks Sized for Expanding JJURBAN Interface Zones”, Public Works[J],2000,(8)131-134.
[48] Tan, Han-Shue: Bougler, Benodicte, Snowplow steering system using roadway markers-problem formulation and solution concept, Vehicle System Dynamics[J], 1999,(1):32-38.
[49] Kanemura, Naotoshi, Road snow removal and the snowfall information system in the City of Sapporo, Transportation Research Record[J],1998(16):27-30.
[50] Campbell,James F: Langevin, Andre, Operations management for urban snow removal and disposal, Transportation Research, Part A: Policy and Practice[J], 1995,(5):29-30.
[51] Fleege, E.J; Blackburn, R.R., Spreader, equipment for anti-icing, Transportation Research Record[J], 1995(09):15-18.
[52] Debbie L.Feldman, Developing Technology Improves Snow and Ice Control, Public Works[J],1999,(4):130-136.
[53] Li Shenglin,Meng Xiangshuan,Qiu Xuting. The road sweeping-snow devicesin country and overseas[J].Road machinery & construction mechanization: 2003(1)17—19
[54] Kempainen A, Milacic D ,etc. Modeling and testing snow ploughing forces on trucks[J]. International journal of vehicle design: 1998,(4):472—491
[55] Tan H-S, Bougler B, Steinfeld A. Snowplow steering guidance with gain stabilization[J].Vehicle system dynamics:2001,(36):279—305
[56] Feng shulin, Chen Gang, Wang Chunsheng. Snow removing on expressway in winter[J]. Road machinery & construction mechanization: 2004,(1):31—32
[57] Li Jing,Zhang Junrong. The dry-snow characteristic measuring in more frequency area and comparing with the calculated results by theoretic[J].Remote sensing technology and application:1994,(4):9—13