尾矿库堆坝试验研究及稳定性分析
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摘要
尾矿库是一种特殊的工业建筑物,是矿山三大控制性质工程之一。它的运营好坏,不仅影响到一个矿山企业的经济效益,而且与库区下游居民的生命财产安全问题及周边环境息息相关。尾矿库一旦发生事故,将会造成十分严重的后果。
凉山矿业有限公司拟在小打鹅沟新建一座尾矿库,属于山谷型尾矿库,小打鹅尾矿库采用上游法堆坝方式进行堆坝,初期坝坝顶标高1240m。本文以该尾矿库为研究对象,通过理论分析、物理模型试验、数值计算、工程实践相结合的方法,对室内尾矿的沉积规律和坝体的结构特点、尾矿的物理力学特性、以及尾矿堆积坝的稳定性等进行了系统研究。完成的主要工作和取得的科研成果如下:
①以小打鹅尾矿库的设计资料为依据,按照1:200的比尺缩小,堆积尾矿坝体模型。按照设计资料,在尾矿堆积坝体中埋设排水井、排水管以及地下水位测量管,测试尾矿堆积坝的渗流特性,探明了浸润线的位置,探索库内尾矿的沉积规律(颗粒分布情况)和坝体的结构特点(干滩面坡度、长度和分层)。
②利用2D-FLOW软件进行了尾矿坝渗流场的数值计算分析。
③对尾矿坝静力和动力稳定性进行了极限平衡法分析。
④利用ANSYS软件,对小打鹅尾矿库进行数值模拟计算,得出尾矿坝体的应力、应变等分布规律、坝体的变形和位移,以及正常情况下和洪水情况下的主应力和剪应力等。
Tailings Treasury is a special kind of industrial buildings. It is one of the three major controlling projects of mines. It's good or bad operation not only impact on the economic benefits of mining enterprises but also impact the residents safety of life and property who live in the lower reaches of the reservoir area and the surrounding environment. Once the tailing is in the event of accidents, it will result in very serious consequences.
Liangshan Mining Co., Ltd. proposed a new valley-based tailings dam in the Xiaodae ditch using the upstream dam construction method. The early crest elevation is 1240m. Based on the study for the tailings, the paper research on the indoor tailings deposition of the law, the dam structure, the physical and mechanical properties of tailings, the tailings piled up, as well as the stability of the dam, and so on, through physical model tests and theoretical analysis, numerical computation, engineering practice research methods. The completion of the work and achieved major scientific research are as follows:
①T ailings Treasury to the design of information-based, in accordance with the scale of 1:200 reduced the accumulation of tailings dam model. According to the information in the tailings piled up in the body buried drainage wells, drain pipes and underground water level measurement and testing of the tailings dam seepage accumulation characteristics of the invasion proved the location of the line, bank to explore the law of tailings deposition (particle distribution) and the structural characteristics of the dam (dry beach surface slope, length and grade-separated).
②Numerical analysis of the tailings dam seepage field using 2D-FLOW software.
③Limit equilibrium analysis of the tailings dam static and dynamic stability.
④Numerical simulation of Xiaodae tailings Reservoir using ANSYS software, which come to the stress and strain distribution of tailings dam body, the dam deformation and displacement, and the main stress and shear stress under normal circumstances and the flood of cases, etc.
凉山矿业有限公司拟在小打鹅沟新建一座尾矿库,属于山谷型尾矿库,小打鹅尾矿库采用上游法堆坝方式进行堆坝,初期坝坝顶标高1240m。本文以该尾矿库为研究对象,通过理论分析、物理模型试验、数值计算、工程实践相结合的方法,对室内尾矿的沉积规律和坝体的结构特点、尾矿的物理力学特性、以及尾矿堆积坝的稳定性等进行了系统研究。完成的主要工作和取得的科研成果如下:
①以小打鹅尾矿库的设计资料为依据,按照1:200的比尺缩小,堆积尾矿坝体模型。按照设计资料,在尾矿堆积坝体中埋设排水井、排水管以及地下水位测量管,测试尾矿堆积坝的渗流特性,探明了浸润线的位置,探索库内尾矿的沉积规律(颗粒分布情况)和坝体的结构特点(干滩面坡度、长度和分层)。
②利用2D-FLOW软件进行了尾矿坝渗流场的数值计算分析。
③对尾矿坝静力和动力稳定性进行了极限平衡法分析。
④利用ANSYS软件,对小打鹅尾矿库进行数值模拟计算,得出尾矿坝体的应力、应变等分布规律、坝体的变形和位移,以及正常情况下和洪水情况下的主应力和剪应力等。
Tailings Treasury is a special kind of industrial buildings. It is one of the three major controlling projects of mines. It's good or bad operation not only impact on the economic benefits of mining enterprises but also impact the residents safety of life and property who live in the lower reaches of the reservoir area and the surrounding environment. Once the tailing is in the event of accidents, it will result in very serious consequences.
Liangshan Mining Co., Ltd. proposed a new valley-based tailings dam in the Xiaodae ditch using the upstream dam construction method. The early crest elevation is 1240m. Based on the study for the tailings, the paper research on the indoor tailings deposition of the law, the dam structure, the physical and mechanical properties of tailings, the tailings piled up, as well as the stability of the dam, and so on, through physical model tests and theoretical analysis, numerical computation, engineering practice research methods. The completion of the work and achieved major scientific research are as follows:
①T ailings Treasury to the design of information-based, in accordance with the scale of 1:200 reduced the accumulation of tailings dam model. According to the information in the tailings piled up in the body buried drainage wells, drain pipes and underground water level measurement and testing of the tailings dam seepage accumulation characteristics of the invasion proved the location of the line, bank to explore the law of tailings deposition (particle distribution) and the structural characteristics of the dam (dry beach surface slope, length and grade-separated).
②Numerical analysis of the tailings dam seepage field using 2D-FLOW software.
③Limit equilibrium analysis of the tailings dam static and dynamic stability.
④Numerical simulation of Xiaodae tailings Reservoir using ANSYS software, which come to the stress and strain distribution of tailings dam body, the dam deformation and displacement, and the main stress and shear stress under normal circumstances and the flood of cases, etc.
引文
[1]魏作安,尹光志,沈楼燕等.探讨尾矿库设计领域中存在的问题[J].有色金属(分),2002,4:44~45.
[2]沈楼燕,魏作安.探讨矿山尾矿库闭库的一些问题[J].金属矿山,2002,6:47~48.
[3]梁雅丽.10·18南丹尾矿坝大坍塌[J].沿海环境,2000,12:7.
[4]徐宏达.我国尾矿库病害事故统计分析[J].工业建筑,2001,1(31):69~71.
[5]《中国有色金属尾矿库概论》编辑委员会.中国有色金属尾矿库概论[R].中国有色金属工业总公司,1992
[6]魏作安.细粒尾矿及其堆坝稳定性研究[D],重庆大学博士学位论文,2004,5~6.
[7]宁民霞.水对尾矿坝稳定性影响研究,硕士学位论文.阜新:辽宁工程技术大学,2003.
[8]孙玉科,杨志法,丁恩保等.中国露天矿边坡稳定性研究[J].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1999.
[9] Fanelli M. Automatic observation for dam safety[J]. International Water Power & Dam Construction.1979,31(11):106-111.
[10] Nelson J. Parameters affecting stability of tailings dams[J]. Proc of the Conf on Geotech Pract for Disposal of Solid Waste Mater,Ann Arbor,1977:440-460.
[11]《中国有色金属尾矿库概论》编辑委员会.中国有色金属尾矿库概论[R].北京:中国有色金属工业总公司,1992.
[12] Mittal H,Morgenstern N. Parameters for the design of tailings dams [J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 1975,1 (12):235-261.
[13] Brawner C. Design construction and repair of tailings dams for metal mines waste disposal [J]. Current Geotechnical Practice in Mine Waste Disposal,ASCE, 1979.
[14] Johnson J,Kane J. Failure of the church rock tailings dam [M]. Pro. Third Symp. On Uranium Mill Tailings Management, Colorado State University. 1980.
[15] Lowe J. Stability analysis of embankments[J],Analysis and Design in Geotechnical Engineering,ASCE,1975.
[16]昆明有色冶金设计研究院.会理县马鞍坪矿山废石综合利用有限责任公司矿山废石综合利用工程选矿厂尾矿库安全专篇[R],2006年12月.
[17]中国有色金属工业昆明勘察设计研究院.凉山矿业低品位矿石综合利用(小打鹅沟)尾矿库岩石工程详细勘察报告书[R].2006年12月.
[18]魏作安.细粒尾矿及其堆坝稳定性研究[D],重庆大学博士学位论文,2004,124-131.
[19]段志科,王延贵,戴清.水库泥沙数学模型与物理模型成果比较及应用[J].泥沙研究,1994,(12)4:43-47.
[20]张红武,江恩惠,白咏梅等.黄河高含沙洪水模型的相似律[M].郑州:河南科学技术出版社,1994.
[21]惠遇甲,王桂仙.河工模型试验[M].北京中国水利水电出版社,1996.
[22]夏常,张黎明.水工水利原型观测与模型试验[J].北京:中国电力出版社,1998.
[23]沈楼燕,魏作安.矿山尾矿库闭库设计的分析探讨[J].有色金属(矿山部分),2002 ,1:42-43.
[24]晏兴荣,王全明,李志容.尾矿坝植被种草的实践和意义[J].冶金矿山设计与建设,1998,30(6):62-63.
[25]祝玉学,戚国庆等.尾矿库工程分析与管理[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1999.
[26]苑莲菊.工程渗流力学及应用[M].北京:中国建材工业出版社,2001.
[27]柳厚生,宋军,陈克军,尾矿坝二维固结稳定渗流分析[J].矿冶工程,2002.
[28]赵坚,沈振中,尾矿复杂排水系统渗流计算方法的改进[J].河海大学学报,1997.
[29]北京软件公司.中文2D-Flow for Windows Verl.1用户使用手册[M].北京:北京软件公司, 1996.
[30]罗建林.圆弧条分法在尾矿安全评价中的应用.中国安全生产科学技术[J].2006.6.
[31] (美)Yang H.Huang,包承刚等译.土坡稳定分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1988.
[32]吕庭刚.尾矿坝坝体稳定性分析[J].云南冶金.2005.4.
[33]国家安全生产监督管理总局.尾矿库安全监督管理规定.2006.
[34]李建荣,德兴铜矿4号尾矿库尾矿堆积坝边坡稳定性分析[J].2002.
[35]辛鸿博,王余庆,高艳平.中国尾矿坝地震安全度(13)-1976年大石河尾矿坝一维地震反应分析[J].工业建筑,1995(6).
[36]高建生,李万升,王治平.中国尾矿坝地震安全度(14)-利用共振柱对尾矿砂的测试及分析工业建筑[J],1995(7).
[37]张超,杨春.尾矿料的动力特性试验研究[J].岩土力学,2006.1.
[38]中华人民共和国冶金工业部.YBJ11-86,上游法尾矿库堆积坝工程地质勘察规程,北京:冶金工业出版社.1987.
[39]徐宏达.我国尾矿库病害事故统计分析[J]工业建筑,2001,31(1):69~71.
[40]韦冠俊.安全原理与事故预测[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1995.
[41]刘铁民,张兴凯,刘功智.安全评价方法应用指南[M].北京:化学工业出版社(安全科学与工程出版中心),2002.
[2]沈楼燕,魏作安.探讨矿山尾矿库闭库的一些问题[J].金属矿山,2002,6:47~48.
[3]梁雅丽.10·18南丹尾矿坝大坍塌[J].沿海环境,2000,12:7.
[4]徐宏达.我国尾矿库病害事故统计分析[J].工业建筑,2001,1(31):69~71.
[5]《中国有色金属尾矿库概论》编辑委员会.中国有色金属尾矿库概论[R].中国有色金属工业总公司,1992
[6]魏作安.细粒尾矿及其堆坝稳定性研究[D],重庆大学博士学位论文,2004,5~6.
[7]宁民霞.水对尾矿坝稳定性影响研究,硕士学位论文.阜新:辽宁工程技术大学,2003.
[8]孙玉科,杨志法,丁恩保等.中国露天矿边坡稳定性研究[J].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1999.
[9] Fanelli M. Automatic observation for dam safety[J]. International Water Power & Dam Construction.1979,31(11):106-111.
[10] Nelson J. Parameters affecting stability of tailings dams[J]. Proc of the Conf on Geotech Pract for Disposal of Solid Waste Mater,Ann Arbor,1977:440-460.
[11]《中国有色金属尾矿库概论》编辑委员会.中国有色金属尾矿库概论[R].北京:中国有色金属工业总公司,1992.
[12] Mittal H,Morgenstern N. Parameters for the design of tailings dams [J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 1975,1 (12):235-261.
[13] Brawner C. Design construction and repair of tailings dams for metal mines waste disposal [J]. Current Geotechnical Practice in Mine Waste Disposal,ASCE, 1979.
[14] Johnson J,Kane J. Failure of the church rock tailings dam [M]. Pro. Third Symp. On Uranium Mill Tailings Management, Colorado State University. 1980.
[15] Lowe J. Stability analysis of embankments[J],Analysis and Design in Geotechnical Engineering,ASCE,1975.
[16]昆明有色冶金设计研究院.会理县马鞍坪矿山废石综合利用有限责任公司矿山废石综合利用工程选矿厂尾矿库安全专篇[R],2006年12月.
[17]中国有色金属工业昆明勘察设计研究院.凉山矿业低品位矿石综合利用(小打鹅沟)尾矿库岩石工程详细勘察报告书[R].2006年12月.
[18]魏作安.细粒尾矿及其堆坝稳定性研究[D],重庆大学博士学位论文,2004,124-131.
[19]段志科,王延贵,戴清.水库泥沙数学模型与物理模型成果比较及应用[J].泥沙研究,1994,(12)4:43-47.
[20]张红武,江恩惠,白咏梅等.黄河高含沙洪水模型的相似律[M].郑州:河南科学技术出版社,1994.
[21]惠遇甲,王桂仙.河工模型试验[M].北京中国水利水电出版社,1996.
[22]夏常,张黎明.水工水利原型观测与模型试验[J].北京:中国电力出版社,1998.
[23]沈楼燕,魏作安.矿山尾矿库闭库设计的分析探讨[J].有色金属(矿山部分),2002 ,1:42-43.
[24]晏兴荣,王全明,李志容.尾矿坝植被种草的实践和意义[J].冶金矿山设计与建设,1998,30(6):62-63.
[25]祝玉学,戚国庆等.尾矿库工程分析与管理[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1999.
[26]苑莲菊.工程渗流力学及应用[M].北京:中国建材工业出版社,2001.
[27]柳厚生,宋军,陈克军,尾矿坝二维固结稳定渗流分析[J].矿冶工程,2002.
[28]赵坚,沈振中,尾矿复杂排水系统渗流计算方法的改进[J].河海大学学报,1997.
[29]北京软件公司.中文2D-Flow for Windows Verl.1用户使用手册[M].北京:北京软件公司, 1996.
[30]罗建林.圆弧条分法在尾矿安全评价中的应用.中国安全生产科学技术[J].2006.6.
[31] (美)Yang H.Huang,包承刚等译.土坡稳定分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1988.
[32]吕庭刚.尾矿坝坝体稳定性分析[J].云南冶金.2005.4.
[33]国家安全生产监督管理总局.尾矿库安全监督管理规定.2006.
[34]李建荣,德兴铜矿4号尾矿库尾矿堆积坝边坡稳定性分析[J].2002.
[35]辛鸿博,王余庆,高艳平.中国尾矿坝地震安全度(13)-1976年大石河尾矿坝一维地震反应分析[J].工业建筑,1995(6).
[36]高建生,李万升,王治平.中国尾矿坝地震安全度(14)-利用共振柱对尾矿砂的测试及分析工业建筑[J],1995(7).
[37]张超,杨春.尾矿料的动力特性试验研究[J].岩土力学,2006.1.
[38]中华人民共和国冶金工业部.YBJ11-86,上游法尾矿库堆积坝工程地质勘察规程,北京:冶金工业出版社.1987.
[39]徐宏达.我国尾矿库病害事故统计分析[J]工业建筑,2001,31(1):69~71.
[40]韦冠俊.安全原理与事故预测[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1995.
[41]刘铁民,张兴凯,刘功智.安全评价方法应用指南[M].北京:化学工业出版社(安全科学与工程出版中心),2002.