南水北调东线穿黄河工程过河隧洞开挖涌水预测分析研究
|
摘要
本论文为论证水下隧洞开挖涌(渗)水这一主要地质问题,以南水北调东线穿黄河工程过河隧洞为例,较详细地论述了该工程的地质条件,特别是水文地质条件。
由于该隧洞自黄河河底以下可溶岩层中穿过,其主要工程地质问题为黄河水、潜水和岩溶裂隙水“三水相通”,隧洞开挖会发生涌水。
采用地面钻探、物探等勘探手段很难将隧洞地质情况进一步搞清,为此,开挖穿黄勘探试验洞不仅能查明隧洞的地质条件(重点为岩溶和水文地质条件),而且在开挖探洞中探索在岩溶地区用预先灌浆堵漏的方法开挖水下隧洞的可能性,进行各种科学试验,为以后隧洞的设计和施工提供必要的科学依据。勘探试验洞开挖成功至今已历经近二十年,实践表明,只要采用合理的工程处理措施,在复杂的水下岩溶区开挖隧洞是完全具备可行性,从而为工程实施奠定了重要基础。
本论文通过收集探洞各个时期的资料,进行分析整理归纳,采用各种方法对隧洞开挖时涌(渗)水情况进行预测和论述,并对涌(渗)水提出具体的工程处理措施。
In order to demonstrate the key geological problem of the rushing condition during the underwater tunnel excavation, this essay takes the east route of the South-North Water Transfer Project (SNWTP) as an example to give a minute description to the geological condition of this project, particularly its hydrological condition.
Due to cutting through the rock under the bottom of the Yellow River, the key engineering geological problem is the meeting of the Yellow River water, phreatic water and Karst fissure water. To excavate the tunnel will result in the rushing of water.
It’s different to make further clear of the tunnel’s geological condition by means of the following methods, such as drilling & geophysical exploration, etc. Therefore, excavating prospecting tunnel can not only finds out the tunnel’s geological condition (the focal point is Karst & hydrological condition), but also explores the possibility of excavating the underwater tunnel by grouting beforehand in the Karst area in the process of the excavation and carries out all kinds of scientific experiments, which can prove necessary scientific basis for the further design and construction of the tunnel.
Up to now, the successful excavation of prospecting tunnel has gone through for nearly twenty years. The practice shows that it is completely possible to excavate the underwater tunnel in the complicated Karst area as long as reasonable measures being used. All the above has established the important foundation of the construction.
This essay collects, analyses and concludes the excavation information of different periods, predicts and demonstrates the rushing condition during the tunnel excavation, and also raises the special step of the treatment.
由于该隧洞自黄河河底以下可溶岩层中穿过,其主要工程地质问题为黄河水、潜水和岩溶裂隙水“三水相通”,隧洞开挖会发生涌水。
采用地面钻探、物探等勘探手段很难将隧洞地质情况进一步搞清,为此,开挖穿黄勘探试验洞不仅能查明隧洞的地质条件(重点为岩溶和水文地质条件),而且在开挖探洞中探索在岩溶地区用预先灌浆堵漏的方法开挖水下隧洞的可能性,进行各种科学试验,为以后隧洞的设计和施工提供必要的科学依据。勘探试验洞开挖成功至今已历经近二十年,实践表明,只要采用合理的工程处理措施,在复杂的水下岩溶区开挖隧洞是完全具备可行性,从而为工程实施奠定了重要基础。
本论文通过收集探洞各个时期的资料,进行分析整理归纳,采用各种方法对隧洞开挖时涌(渗)水情况进行预测和论述,并对涌(渗)水提出具体的工程处理措施。
In order to demonstrate the key geological problem of the rushing condition during the underwater tunnel excavation, this essay takes the east route of the South-North Water Transfer Project (SNWTP) as an example to give a minute description to the geological condition of this project, particularly its hydrological condition.
Due to cutting through the rock under the bottom of the Yellow River, the key engineering geological problem is the meeting of the Yellow River water, phreatic water and Karst fissure water. To excavate the tunnel will result in the rushing of water.
It’s different to make further clear of the tunnel’s geological condition by means of the following methods, such as drilling & geophysical exploration, etc. Therefore, excavating prospecting tunnel can not only finds out the tunnel’s geological condition (the focal point is Karst & hydrological condition), but also explores the possibility of excavating the underwater tunnel by grouting beforehand in the Karst area in the process of the excavation and carries out all kinds of scientific experiments, which can prove necessary scientific basis for the further design and construction of the tunnel.
Up to now, the successful excavation of prospecting tunnel has gone through for nearly twenty years. The practice shows that it is completely possible to excavate the underwater tunnel in the complicated Karst area as long as reasonable measures being used. All the above has established the important foundation of the construction.
This essay collects, analyses and concludes the excavation information of different periods, predicts and demonstrates the rushing condition during the tunnel excavation, and also raises the special step of the treatment.
引文
[1]陆兆溱,工程地质学(第二版),北京:中国水利水电出版社,2001.192～193
[2]王梦恕,21世纪山岭隧道修建的趋势,铁道工程学报,1998,增刊:4～7
[3]关宝树,21世纪的地下空间利用,铁道工程学报,1998,增刊:553～557
[4]徐则民黄润秋,深埋特长隧道及其施工地质灾害,成都:西南交通大学出版社,2000
[5]刘丹,铁路隧道涌水研究的发展趋势,铁道工程学报,1998,增刊:599～603
[6]邹成杰,水利水电岩溶工程地质,北京:水利电力出版社,1994.296～297
[7]铁道部第二勘测设计院,岩溶工程地质,北京:中国铁道出版社,1984.227～261
[8]地质矿产部水文地质工程地质技术方法研究队,水文地质手册,北京:地质出版社,1978.201～203
[9]中华人民共和国水利部,SL31-2003,水利水电工程钻孔压水试验规程,北京:中国水利水电出版社,2003
[10]张怀军侯庆生王彦峡等,南水北调东线穿黄河隧洞涌水量预测,水利水电工程设计,2002,21(4):31～34
[11]蒋爵光,隧道工程地质,北京:中国铁道出版社,1991.185～229
[12]宋嶽张怀军李彦坡等,万家寨引黄入晋工程地质勘察与研究,郑州:黄河水利出版社,2007.134～136
[13]张成平张顶立王梦恕等,高水压富水区隧道限排衬砌注浆圈合理参数研究,岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(11):2270～2276
[14]刘丹李启彬,秦岭特长隧道涌水量的预测研究,煤田地质与勘探,2005,33(1):41～44
[15]石文慧,论铁路隧道涌水及泥屑流突出灾害的防治,铁路勘测与设计,1993,1:1～14
[16]吴云生李法昶楼文虎,秦岭隧道施工设计地质成果验证情况汇报,铁路勘测与设计,1999,1:1～7
[17]Junzheng M. Application of fuzzy mathematics in forecasting the quantity of gush water in tunnel, Tunnel and Water(J. Manuel Serrano), 1988,1:211～216
[18]水利电力部水利水电规划设计院,水利水电工程地质手册,北京:水利电力出版社,1985.97～99
[19]蒙彦雷明堂,岩溶区隧道涌水研究现状及建议,中国岩溶,2003,(12)
[20]郑黎明,隧道涌水灾害预测的随机性数学模型方法,西南交通大学学报,1998,33(3)
[21]黄涛杨立中,渗流-应力-温度耦合下裂隙围岩隧道涌水量的预测,西南交通大学学报,1999,34(5)
[22]聂志宏张弥白李妍,用经验公式计算隧道涌水量,铁道标准设计,2000
[23]朱大力李秋枫,预测隧道涌水量的方法,工程勘察,2000,(4)
[24]徐则民黄润秋罗杏春,特长岩溶隧道涌水预测的系统辨识方法,水文地质工程地质,2002,(4)
[25]董兴文,矿井最大涌水量计算与参数确定,工程勘察,1995,(4)
[26]黄润秋苟定才曲科等,圆梁山特长隧道施工地质灾害问题预测,成都理工学院学报,2001,28(2):111~115
[27]张倬元王士天王兰生,工程地质分析原理,北京:地质出版社,1980
[28]张咸恭王思敬张倬元等,中国工程地质学,北京:科学出版社,2000
[29]Rybach L. & Pfister M. How to predict rock temperature for deep Alpine tunnels. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 1994, 31: 261~270
[30]Goel R. K., Jethwa J. L. & Paithankar A. G. Tunneling through the young Himalayas; a case history of the Maneri-Uttarkashi power tunnel. Engineering Geology, 1995, 39: 31~44
[31]Bhasin R., Barton N., Grimstad E. & Chryssanthakis P. Engineering geological characterization of low strength anisotropic rocks in the Himalayan region for assessment of tunnel support. Engineering Geology, 1995, 40: 169~193.
[32]Kimura F., Okabayashi N. & Kawamoto T. Tunneling through squeezing rock in two large fault zone of Enasan tunnelⅡ. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 1987, 20: 151~166
[33]王贤能,深埋隧道工程水-热-力作用的基本原理及其灾害地质效应研究:[博士论文],成都:成都理工学院,1998
[34]Mansurov V. A. Acoustic emission from failing rock behavior. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 1994, 27: 173~182
[35]Amberg R. Design and construction of the Furka base tunnel. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 1983, 16: 215~231
[36]Fox P. P. & McHuron E. C. Engineering geology of the Boysen Tunnel, Wyoming. Bulletin of the Association of Engineering Geologists, 1984, 21(1): 101~109
[37]Lu Jialang & Lu-Haichang. Effect of bolts on failure modes near tunnel openings in soft rock. Geotechnique, 1993, 43(3): 433~442
[38]Aydan O., Akagi T. & Kawamoto. T. The Squeezing Potential of Rocks Around Tunnels; Theory and Prediction. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 1993, 26
[39]张祉道白继承,家竹箐隧道高瓦斯、大变形、大涌水的整治与对策,世界隧道,1998,(1):1~10
[40]Anagnostou G. A Model for Swelling Rock in Tunneling. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 1993, 26 (4): 307~331
[41]田开铭万力,各向异性裂隙介质渗透性的研究与评价,北京:学苑出版社,1989
[42]黄涛,渗流场与应力场耦合环境下裂隙围岩型隧道涌水量预测的研究:[博士学位论文],成都:西南交通大学,1997
[43]于书翰杜谟远,隧道施工,北京:人民交通出版社,1999
[44]何兰超方仲实,穿黄隧洞施工期渗水分析及涌水预防,海河水利,2003,(04)
[45]李彦军,新寨隧道涌水量预测方法的选择,西部探矿工程,2000,(01)
[46]孙庆国,南水北调东线工程的关键——穿黄河工程,水利水电工程设计,2002,21(1):7～9
[47]何发亮李苍松陈成宗,岩溶地区长大隧道涌水灾害预测预报技术,水文地质工程地质,2001,(05)
[48]任旭华陈祥荣单治钢,富水区深埋长隧洞工程中的主要水问题及对策,岩石力学与工程学报,2004,(11)
[49]孙建峰,对南水北调东线工程几个重要问题的认识,水利水电工程设计,2002,21(1):1～3
[50]徐则民黄润秋罗杏春,特长岩溶隧道涌水预测的系统辨识方法,水文地质工程地质,2002,(04)
[51]李兴高刘维宁张昀青,隧道渗涌水量的随机模型预测,中国安全科学学报,2002,(04)
[52]郑恒祥金栋黄海江等,长—恰线深埋长隧洞涌水预测及处理,人民黄河,2002,(07)
[53]綦彦波宋战平丁永君,岩溶富水隧道超前地质预报技术——以宜(昌)万(州)铁路金子山隧道为例,水利与建筑工程学报,2007,02
[54]牟春梅,长距离管道工程的主要岩溶工程地质问题,桂林工学院学报,2001,03
[55]程建铝宋战平,喀斯特地区铁路隧道工程地质灾害研究初探——以宜(昌)万(州)铁路金子山岩溶隧道为例,水利与建筑工程学报,2006,03
[56]苟定才黄润秋蒋良文等,渝怀线圆梁山隧道冷水河谷浅埋段渗漏分析,地质灾害与环境保护,2001,01
[57]王科黄润秋蒋良文等,圆梁山隧道桐麻岭背斜段岩溶与岩溶水特征研究,地质灾害与环境保护,2001,01
[58]李彪张子新,京珠高速公路石门坳隧道施工初探,地下空间,2001,01
[59]陈强朱宝龙刘少巍等,岩溶地区地下工程对环境影响的初步分析,水土保持学报,2003,05
[60]石文慧,论铁路隧道涌水灾害的防治,中国地质灾害与防治学报,1993,01
[61]叶志华韩行瑞张高朝等,隧道岩溶涌水专家评判系统在朱家岩隧道涌水预报中的应用,中国岩溶,2006,02
[2]王梦恕,21世纪山岭隧道修建的趋势,铁道工程学报,1998,增刊:4～7
[3]关宝树,21世纪的地下空间利用,铁道工程学报,1998,增刊:553～557
[4]徐则民黄润秋,深埋特长隧道及其施工地质灾害,成都:西南交通大学出版社,2000
[5]刘丹,铁路隧道涌水研究的发展趋势,铁道工程学报,1998,增刊:599～603
[6]邹成杰,水利水电岩溶工程地质,北京:水利电力出版社,1994.296～297
[7]铁道部第二勘测设计院,岩溶工程地质,北京:中国铁道出版社,1984.227～261
[8]地质矿产部水文地质工程地质技术方法研究队,水文地质手册,北京:地质出版社,1978.201～203
[9]中华人民共和国水利部,SL31-2003,水利水电工程钻孔压水试验规程,北京:中国水利水电出版社,2003
[10]张怀军侯庆生王彦峡等,南水北调东线穿黄河隧洞涌水量预测,水利水电工程设计,2002,21(4):31～34
[11]蒋爵光,隧道工程地质,北京:中国铁道出版社,1991.185～229
[12]宋嶽张怀军李彦坡等,万家寨引黄入晋工程地质勘察与研究,郑州:黄河水利出版社,2007.134～136
[13]张成平张顶立王梦恕等,高水压富水区隧道限排衬砌注浆圈合理参数研究,岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(11):2270～2276
[14]刘丹李启彬,秦岭特长隧道涌水量的预测研究,煤田地质与勘探,2005,33(1):41～44
[15]石文慧,论铁路隧道涌水及泥屑流突出灾害的防治,铁路勘测与设计,1993,1:1～14
[16]吴云生李法昶楼文虎,秦岭隧道施工设计地质成果验证情况汇报,铁路勘测与设计,1999,1:1～7
[17]Junzheng M. Application of fuzzy mathematics in forecasting the quantity of gush water in tunnel, Tunnel and Water(J. Manuel Serrano), 1988,1:211～216
[18]水利电力部水利水电规划设计院,水利水电工程地质手册,北京:水利电力出版社,1985.97～99
[19]蒙彦雷明堂,岩溶区隧道涌水研究现状及建议,中国岩溶,2003,(12)
[20]郑黎明,隧道涌水灾害预测的随机性数学模型方法,西南交通大学学报,1998,33(3)
[21]黄涛杨立中,渗流-应力-温度耦合下裂隙围岩隧道涌水量的预测,西南交通大学学报,1999,34(5)
[22]聂志宏张弥白李妍,用经验公式计算隧道涌水量,铁道标准设计,2000
[23]朱大力李秋枫,预测隧道涌水量的方法,工程勘察,2000,(4)
[24]徐则民黄润秋罗杏春,特长岩溶隧道涌水预测的系统辨识方法,水文地质工程地质,2002,(4)
[25]董兴文,矿井最大涌水量计算与参数确定,工程勘察,1995,(4)
[26]黄润秋苟定才曲科等,圆梁山特长隧道施工地质灾害问题预测,成都理工学院学报,2001,28(2):111~115
[27]张倬元王士天王兰生,工程地质分析原理,北京:地质出版社,1980
[28]张咸恭王思敬张倬元等,中国工程地质学,北京:科学出版社,2000
[29]Rybach L. & Pfister M. How to predict rock temperature for deep Alpine tunnels. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 1994, 31: 261~270
[30]Goel R. K., Jethwa J. L. & Paithankar A. G. Tunneling through the young Himalayas; a case history of the Maneri-Uttarkashi power tunnel. Engineering Geology, 1995, 39: 31~44
[31]Bhasin R., Barton N., Grimstad E. & Chryssanthakis P. Engineering geological characterization of low strength anisotropic rocks in the Himalayan region for assessment of tunnel support. Engineering Geology, 1995, 40: 169~193.
[32]Kimura F., Okabayashi N. & Kawamoto T. Tunneling through squeezing rock in two large fault zone of Enasan tunnelⅡ. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 1987, 20: 151~166
[33]王贤能,深埋隧道工程水-热-力作用的基本原理及其灾害地质效应研究:[博士论文],成都:成都理工学院,1998
[34]Mansurov V. A. Acoustic emission from failing rock behavior. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 1994, 27: 173~182
[35]Amberg R. Design and construction of the Furka base tunnel. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 1983, 16: 215~231
[36]Fox P. P. & McHuron E. C. Engineering geology of the Boysen Tunnel, Wyoming. Bulletin of the Association of Engineering Geologists, 1984, 21(1): 101~109
[37]Lu Jialang & Lu-Haichang. Effect of bolts on failure modes near tunnel openings in soft rock. Geotechnique, 1993, 43(3): 433~442
[38]Aydan O., Akagi T. & Kawamoto. T. The Squeezing Potential of Rocks Around Tunnels; Theory and Prediction. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 1993, 26
[39]张祉道白继承,家竹箐隧道高瓦斯、大变形、大涌水的整治与对策,世界隧道,1998,(1):1~10
[40]Anagnostou G. A Model for Swelling Rock in Tunneling. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 1993, 26 (4): 307~331
[41]田开铭万力,各向异性裂隙介质渗透性的研究与评价,北京:学苑出版社,1989
[42]黄涛,渗流场与应力场耦合环境下裂隙围岩型隧道涌水量预测的研究:[博士学位论文],成都:西南交通大学,1997
[43]于书翰杜谟远,隧道施工,北京:人民交通出版社,1999
[44]何兰超方仲实,穿黄隧洞施工期渗水分析及涌水预防,海河水利,2003,(04)
[45]李彦军,新寨隧道涌水量预测方法的选择,西部探矿工程,2000,(01)
[46]孙庆国,南水北调东线工程的关键——穿黄河工程,水利水电工程设计,2002,21(1):7～9
[47]何发亮李苍松陈成宗,岩溶地区长大隧道涌水灾害预测预报技术,水文地质工程地质,2001,(05)
[48]任旭华陈祥荣单治钢,富水区深埋长隧洞工程中的主要水问题及对策,岩石力学与工程学报,2004,(11)
[49]孙建峰,对南水北调东线工程几个重要问题的认识,水利水电工程设计,2002,21(1):1～3
[50]徐则民黄润秋罗杏春,特长岩溶隧道涌水预测的系统辨识方法,水文地质工程地质,2002,(04)
[51]李兴高刘维宁张昀青,隧道渗涌水量的随机模型预测,中国安全科学学报,2002,(04)
[52]郑恒祥金栋黄海江等,长—恰线深埋长隧洞涌水预测及处理,人民黄河,2002,(07)
[53]綦彦波宋战平丁永君,岩溶富水隧道超前地质预报技术——以宜(昌)万(州)铁路金子山隧道为例,水利与建筑工程学报,2007,02
[54]牟春梅,长距离管道工程的主要岩溶工程地质问题,桂林工学院学报,2001,03
[55]程建铝宋战平,喀斯特地区铁路隧道工程地质灾害研究初探——以宜(昌)万(州)铁路金子山岩溶隧道为例,水利与建筑工程学报,2006,03
[56]苟定才黄润秋蒋良文等,渝怀线圆梁山隧道冷水河谷浅埋段渗漏分析,地质灾害与环境保护,2001,01
[57]王科黄润秋蒋良文等,圆梁山隧道桐麻岭背斜段岩溶与岩溶水特征研究,地质灾害与环境保护,2001,01
[58]李彪张子新,京珠高速公路石门坳隧道施工初探,地下空间,2001,01
[59]陈强朱宝龙刘少巍等,岩溶地区地下工程对环境影响的初步分析,水土保持学报,2003,05
[60]石文慧,论铁路隧道涌水灾害的防治,中国地质灾害与防治学报,1993,01
[61]叶志华韩行瑞张高朝等,隧道岩溶涌水专家评判系统在朱家岩隧道涌水预报中的应用,中国岩溶,2006,02