黄土潜水层深井降水计算模型及黑河少陵塬隧洞的降水分析
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
随着高层建筑、地铁、长大隧道等工程的发展。降低地下水位的问题日益突
    出。目前对降水方案合理性的检验大多采用经验公式或根据泰斯的平面流理论进行
    计算,与实际情况差距较大。本文对黄土地区潜水含水层深井降水问题作了较系统
    地研究,初步得到如下研究成果。
     通过对少陵源区大量的抽水试验资料的整理,揭示了少陵塬区黄土厚潜水层
    深井抽水时的水流运动规律。经过分析发现在一定的抽水条件下,某点的潜水水位
    降深和此点含水层厚度的乘积与抽水时间呈对数关系变化。分析了水跃值的变化规
    律,当井出水量很大时,水跃值在短时间内达到最大值。而后随着抽水时间的延长
    缓慢减小;当井出水量较小时,在很长一段时间内,水跃值逐渐增大:井储容量对
    水跃值的变化影响很大。根据抽水试验资料建立了修正泰斯模型以及参数确定方
    法,将计算结果与试验资料对比,并对少陵源区的降水方案分析评价。表明此经验
    公式可以在黄土地区类似降水工程中应用。
     黄土地区群井抽水时,井周土层中水流为明显的三维流,随着抽水时间的延
    长,潜水含水层的厚度逐渐减小。应用泰斯公式计算时,按照平面的二维流来处理,
    潜水含水层的厚度也取为常数。本文根据黄土的渗透特性以及深井抽水时的水流规
    律,建立了黄土厚潜水含水层深井抽水时三维水流模型。
     应用C++语言编制了三维有限元程序。三维问题中,抽水井的处理是一个难
    点。在以前的二维程序中将抽水井简化为一个点,井出水量直接作用在这个点上,
    这种处理方法极易引起该点的水位异常;目前在三维问题中,由于抽水井穿越许多
    单元,此问题依然没有解决。本文试图将抽水井当作一系列虚单元来处理。此程序
    可以模拟单井抽水时计算区域各点水位降深随时间的变化,研究水流运动规律;求
    解任意边界条件下的群井定流量抽水问题,预测潜水位,指导施工开挖进度,评价
    降水方案的合理性。利用此程序计算了少陵塬区的降水问题,并与试验资料进行对
    比,验证了所建立的模型比较符合黄土地区潜水深井抽水时的水流运动规律,所编
    制的程序是正确的。
With the development of the economy, constructions for large buildings with deep
    basements,subways, tunnels,and many other structures often require the excavation of
    soil and rock to substantial depth below the natural water table. The problems about
    dewatering become more and more important. Now, the feasibility of dewatering plan
    is tested by experiential formulas or TaiSi's two dimensional law, thus big errors may
    be resulted. This paper studied systematically the problems about dewatering through
    deep well pumping in thick phreatic water of loess. Some preliminary results are
    following.
    I arranged data with well pumping tests in Shao Ling Yuan and sum up the laws of
    flows under the condition of deep well pumping in thick phreatic formations loess,
    which showed that, under a certain condition of pumping, the product of water table in
    a dot and the thickness of aquifer in this dot vary with pmping time by logarithm. I
    analyzed the law of well loss, if the rate of pumping is very large, water spring mounts
    to maximum in a short time,then with pumping extending well loss becoms small
    slowly, if the rate of pumping is small, well loss becomes big gradually in a long time.
    The reserves of water in pumping well influence the change of well loss considerably.
    On the basis of experimental data, I set up corrective TaiSi's model and studied the
    method of parameters settlement in the model. The comparison with the calculated
    results and experimental data showed that the model is feasible and the method of
    parameters settlement is correct. The experiential formula can be used into similar
    dewatering projects in the other loess region.
    Pumping with group wells in loess, flows in formations surrounding group wells are
    three dimensional obviously. With time of pumping, the thickness of phreatic
    formations become smaller and smaller. But when we calculate water table using
    TaiSi's formula, we consider flows as two dimensional flows, the thickness as constant.
    Considering above facts, I set up three dimensional flows model through deep well
    pumping in thick phreatic formations of loess in this paper.
    I made three dimensional program with computer language C++, in which the
    handle of pumping wells were very difficult. In previous two dimensional programs,
    wells were simplified a dot. The rate of pumping was considered that it was pumped out
    of this dot. According to my practice, water table calculated with this method is often
    extraordinary. Now in three dimensional programs, this problem has not been answered
    
    
    
    yet because of wells cutting across many elements. In this paper, I attempt to consider
    the group wells as many empty elemats. Using this program, we can calculate water
    table every place in computing region, study the law of fiows, answer the problems
    under group wells pumping in every boundary condition, predict water table, gulde the
    procedure of eation, evaluate the feasibility of dewatering plan, and revise the
    designed dewatering program. I calculatd the problems of Shao Ling Yuan with this
    program and compare the calculated results with the experiential results. from which
    showed that the model accord with the law of flows under the condition of deep well
    pamping in phreatic formations of loess and the program are correct.
引文
[1]李佩成,黄土含水层给水度合理取值的研究,水利学报,1999、11,38~41
    [2]薛禹群、吴吉春,地下水数值模拟在我国——回顾与展望,水文地质工程地质,1997、4,21~24
    [3]汪民,水文地质数值模型基础的薄弱性问题浅议,水文地质工程地质,1992(19)5,8~9
    [4]薛禹群、谢春红、吴吉春,地下水数值模拟和电模拟中存在的问题,水文地质工程地质,1996、6,49~51
    [5]吴昌瑜、李思慎、谢红,深基坑开挖中的降水设计问题,岩土工程学报,1999(21)3,348~350
    [6]马丽丽,深基坑开挖中的水文地质问题,工程勘察,1996、2,25~29
    [7]徐洪安,黄土地层基坑排水井的设计及成井技术,地下水,1992(14)3,140~143
    [8]薛根良,黄土地下水的补给与赋存形式探讨,水文地质工程地质,1995、1,38~39
    [9]王钢城、郑毅、张庆云,长春黄土状土的水温、工程地质特性及降水方案的确定,长春地质学院学报,1994(24)3,309~311
    [10]西安市黑河引水工程城市输水暗区(续建)见子和分流池~曲江池水厂段工程地质勘察报告,水利部陕西水利电力勘测设计研究院地质勘查总队,1998,7。
    [11]潘索,浅埋薄含水层内管道施工降水方案的选择,水文地质工程地质,1995、2,56~58
    [12]叶发广、葛树高、伍军、张治珲,水平井降水技术在热力隧道暗挖工程中的应用,水文地质工程地质,1998、3,53~54
    [13]王金生、李同斌、刘金山等,洪积扇潜水与冲洪积平原多层结构潜水、承压水水流模型研究,水文地质工程地质,1996、1,30~34
    [14]林学钰、廖资生,水文地质基础工作在地下水模型研究中的重要性,水文地质工程地质,1992(19)1,6~9
    [15]王新民、刘金英,三维潜水非稳定流反问题的变分有限元法,水文地质工程地质,1996、2,21~24
    [16]李国敏、石钦周、马英杰,郑州北郊水源地地下水流三维有限元模拟,水文地质工程地质,1996、5,4~7
    [17]李云山、李清欣 高秋惠,孔隙潜水井水跃值影响因素及相关方程的探讨,地下水,1994(16)1,31~34
    [18]徐至进,井周流场、水跃值与井内水位降深的关系,水文地质工程地质,1993、6,24~27
    [19]姚旭初、万力、苏学清,基坑降水中非稳定井流计算,工程勘察,1999、3,28~31
    [20]陈红,群井降水的实用计算方法,岩石力学与工程学报,1997(16)2,118~123
    [21]王文科,求解地下水非稳定流问题的局部坐标有限分析法,长春地质学院学报,1995(25)
    
    4,415~421
    [22]葛晓云,任意强度补给边界附近单井的非稳定流公式,水文地质工程地质,1991(18)3
    [23]薛凤海,关于用有限元法计算一类边界流量及水力坡度问题的探讨,水利学报,1992、7,57~61
    [24]陈雨孙,有限元法应用于水文地质的回顾及解析有限元法的提出,工程勘察,1994、2,23~28
    [25]陈雨孙,解析有限单元法的基本原理,工程勘察,1994、5,25~43
    [26]万力,浅议地下水数学模型的误差,水文地质工程地质,1992(19)4,8~9
    [27]魏晓妹、李佩成,利用“隔离井法”公式确定水文地质参数的图解方法,地下水,1993(15)4,141~143
    [28]李树仁,井点排水设计应注意的几个问题,水文地质工程地质,1992(19)4,51~53
    [29]张景林,水文地质参数与井径设计,水文地质与工程地质,1993、1,58~60
    [30]余颖禾,具有自由边界的二维渗流问题,应用数学和力学,1996(17)6,523~527
    [31]速宝玉,不变网格确定渗流自由面的节点虚流量法,河海大学学报,1991(19)5,114~117
    [32]张有天、陈平、王镭,有自由面渗流分析得初流量法,水利学报,1988、8,18~25
    [33]王媛,求解有自由面渗流问题的初流量法的改进,水利学报,1998、3,68~72
    [34]张有天、陈平、王镭,有排水孔的三维渗流场的有限元耦合分析,水利学报,1989、5,30~38
    [35]王贤能、黄润秋,有自由面渗流分析的高斯点法,水文地质工程地质,1997、6,1~4
    [36]Festus F. Akindunni and R.W. Gillham, Unsaturated and saturated flow in response to pumping of an unconfined aquifer : numerical investigation of delayed drainage, Ground water , 1992(30)6,873~883
    [37]Combined mathematical model of flow in an aquifer-horizontal well system, Michacal Tarshish , Ground water , 1992(30)6,931~935
    [38]Stanleys. Smith、Myron B. Allen、Jay Puckett and Thomas Edgar,The finite layermethod for ground water flow models, Water resources research ,1992(28)6,1715~1722
    [39]A.H.D. Cheng and O.K. Morohunfola , Multilayered leaky aquifer systems 1. pumping well solutions, 2. boundary element solutions, Water resources research,1993(29)8,2787~2811
    [40]AuenF. Moench , Computation of type curves for flow to partially penetrating wells in water-table aquifers , Ground water 1993(31)6,966~971
    [41]R.A. Johns, L. Senprini and P.V. Roberts, Estimating aquifer properties by nonlinear least -squares analysis of pump test response ,ground water,1992(30)1, 61~67
    [42]Zekai Sen , Unsteady ground-water flow toward extended wells , ground water,
    
    1992(30)1, 61~67
    [43]Thomas R.Macdonald and Peter K. Kitanidis,Modeling the free surface of an unconfined aquifer near a recirculation well, Ground water, 1993(31)5,774~780
    [44]A·G·chachadi and G·C·Mishra, Analysis of unsteady flow to a large diameter well experiencing well loss , Ground Water , 1992(30)3,369~375
    [45]T.N. Narasimhan and Ming Zhu, Transient flow of water to a well in an unconfined aquifer-applicability of some conceptual models, Water resources research,1993(29)1, 179~191
    [46]张蔚榛,地下水非稳定流计算和地下水资源评价,科学出版社,1983
    [47]陈雨孙,地下水运动与资源评价,中国建筑工业出版社,1986
    [48]张宏仁,地下水非稳定流理论的发展和应用,地质出版社,1975
    [49]薛禹群,地下水动力学原理,地质出版社,1986
    [50]仵彦卿,张倬元,岩体水力学导论,成都:西南交通大学出版社,1995
    [51]徐士良,计算机常用算法,清华大学出版社,1995
    [52]王勖成、邵敏,有限单元法基本原理和数值方法,清华大学出版社,1997
    [53]顾慰慈,渗流计算原理及应用,中国建材工业出版社,2000、6
    [54]卢文喜,地下水系统的模拟预测和优化管理,科学出版社,1999
    [55]罗焕炎、陈雨孙,地下水运动的数值模拟,中国建筑工业出版社 1986
    [56]郭东屏、宋焱勋、钱会、冉兴龙,地下水动力学,科学技术出版社,1993
    [57]杨菊生、揽生瑞,有限元程序设计,西安交通大学出版社,1990
    [58]陈雨孙,单井水力学,中国建筑工业出版社,1977
    [59]雅·贝·尔著,许消铭等译,地下水水力学,1985

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700