渗渠取水工程水力特性试验研究
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摘要
渗渠取水是利用埋设在地下含水层中带孔眼的水平渗水管道和渠道,借水的渗透和重力流,来截流和集取地下水和河床潜流水,做为给水水源。渗渠工程设计主要包括水平集水管、反滤层、导水管、集水井、泵房和其他附属构筑物等。当前,世界许多国家的工厂和中、小城镇都使用渗渠。取水量是否达到设计要求是衡量渗渠成功与否的关键,故对渗渠取水工程水力特性进行研究很有意义。
本文在理论分析的基础上,结合室内模型试验,对渗渠取水工程中相关水力特性进行了分析研究,主要取得的研究成果有:
1.设计渗渠过程中选择位置时要注意,渗渠应选择在河流水力条件良好的河段,避免设在有壅水的河段和弯曲河段的凸岸。取水地段最好选在靠近主流线附近,因为此处流速大,混浊度低,河床淤塞程度较其它部位为轻,甚至不发生淤塞。只有这样,才能保证在河水浑浊的情况下,河床床面冲淤变化对渗渠产水量的影响最小。
2.引入了渗渠滤管长径比与产水量比的概念,根据滤管极限长度算出极限长径比,并建立了相应的经验公式,由于滤管长径比是无量纲量,故所得经验公式在渗渠滤管极限长径比范围内都是有效的,具有一定的适用性。
3.通过量纲分析,这个无量纲量,研究φ与滤管开孔率n的关系得出相应的经验公式:φ= 0.0664 n+ 0.4079,该公式可以反映出一定范围内渗渠产水量与滤管开孔率的定量关系,由于该公式中的各物理量均为无量纲量,故具有较强的适用性。
渗渠作为一种水平的集水构筑物,具有设计、施工容易实现、造价低廉、出水水质优良、适应性强、泥沙处理能力高、施工简便、易被广大用户接受的优点,只需稍做处理就可直接用于人畜饮用。因此,在新疆利用渗渠集取河渠及其岸边地下浅含水,对改善人畜用水质量有着很明显的效果。本文的研究成果将对渗渠取水工程在新疆的推广应用起到促进作用。
Abstract: The infiltration ditch uses the ditch and channel with holes to obtain water through the infiltration and gravity of water. The design of infiltration ditch contains the obtaining water tube, anti-filter layer, well, pump house and other accessory building. Nowadays, many country’s factory and city use infiltration ditch to obtain water.
The amount of water production whether come up to the demand is very critical to measure the infiltration ditch’s success or failure. Therefore, the study on the hydraulic characteristics of the infiltration ditch has a great significance.
Through the theories analysis, combining with the experiment, the water power character of infiltration ditch has been studied in this paper. The main result of study can be shown as follows:
1. We must pay more attention to the location of the infiltration ditch. We’d better choose the middle of river for the obtaining water place, because it has a high current velocity and low muddy degree, the silt up degree at this part of river bed is not severity compared with others.
2. The conception of the amount of water production ratio and the length diameter ratio of filter tube is proposed in this paper. The experience formula of the amount of water production ratio and the length diameter ratio is also given. Because the variate of the formula has no scale, so the formula is adapt to a broad scope.
3. Through the study of scale, the no scale number has been defined. The infiltration ditch hole rate and the no scale numberφ’s experience formula is got:φ= 0.0664 n+ 0.4079. The mensurable relation of infiltration ditch’s water production and the filter tube’s hole rate can be reflected from the experience formula. Because the formula is made up of no scale number, so it can be used widely in the engineering.
The infiltration ditch is a horizontal catchment build, which has advantage of design and construction easily implement, low cost, good quality of obtain water, strong applicability, high capability of disposing sand and well accepted by users. So the infiltration ditch is used to obtain river and bank water, which has a efficient result to improve the drinking water of people and animals in Xin Jiang. The study achievement of this paper will make contribution to the application of the infiltration ditch engineering in Xin Jiang.
本文在理论分析的基础上,结合室内模型试验,对渗渠取水工程中相关水力特性进行了分析研究,主要取得的研究成果有:
1.设计渗渠过程中选择位置时要注意,渗渠应选择在河流水力条件良好的河段,避免设在有壅水的河段和弯曲河段的凸岸。取水地段最好选在靠近主流线附近,因为此处流速大,混浊度低,河床淤塞程度较其它部位为轻,甚至不发生淤塞。只有这样,才能保证在河水浑浊的情况下,河床床面冲淤变化对渗渠产水量的影响最小。
2.引入了渗渠滤管长径比与产水量比的概念,根据滤管极限长度算出极限长径比,并建立了相应的经验公式,由于滤管长径比是无量纲量,故所得经验公式在渗渠滤管极限长径比范围内都是有效的,具有一定的适用性。
3.通过量纲分析,这个无量纲量,研究φ与滤管开孔率n的关系得出相应的经验公式:φ= 0.0664 n+ 0.4079,该公式可以反映出一定范围内渗渠产水量与滤管开孔率的定量关系,由于该公式中的各物理量均为无量纲量,故具有较强的适用性。
渗渠作为一种水平的集水构筑物,具有设计、施工容易实现、造价低廉、出水水质优良、适应性强、泥沙处理能力高、施工简便、易被广大用户接受的优点,只需稍做处理就可直接用于人畜饮用。因此,在新疆利用渗渠集取河渠及其岸边地下浅含水,对改善人畜用水质量有着很明显的效果。本文的研究成果将对渗渠取水工程在新疆的推广应用起到促进作用。
Abstract: The infiltration ditch uses the ditch and channel with holes to obtain water through the infiltration and gravity of water. The design of infiltration ditch contains the obtaining water tube, anti-filter layer, well, pump house and other accessory building. Nowadays, many country’s factory and city use infiltration ditch to obtain water.
The amount of water production whether come up to the demand is very critical to measure the infiltration ditch’s success or failure. Therefore, the study on the hydraulic characteristics of the infiltration ditch has a great significance.
Through the theories analysis, combining with the experiment, the water power character of infiltration ditch has been studied in this paper. The main result of study can be shown as follows:
1. We must pay more attention to the location of the infiltration ditch. We’d better choose the middle of river for the obtaining water place, because it has a high current velocity and low muddy degree, the silt up degree at this part of river bed is not severity compared with others.
2. The conception of the amount of water production ratio and the length diameter ratio of filter tube is proposed in this paper. The experience formula of the amount of water production ratio and the length diameter ratio is also given. Because the variate of the formula has no scale, so the formula is adapt to a broad scope.
3. Through the study of scale, the no scale number has been defined. The infiltration ditch hole rate and the no scale numberφ’s experience formula is got:φ= 0.0664 n+ 0.4079. The mensurable relation of infiltration ditch’s water production and the filter tube’s hole rate can be reflected from the experience formula. Because the formula is made up of no scale number, so it can be used widely in the engineering.
The infiltration ditch is a horizontal catchment build, which has advantage of design and construction easily implement, low cost, good quality of obtain water, strong applicability, high capability of disposing sand and well accepted by users. So the infiltration ditch is used to obtain river and bank water, which has a efficient result to improve the drinking water of people and animals in Xin Jiang. The study achievement of this paper will make contribution to the application of the infiltration ditch engineering in Xin Jiang.
引文
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