渗滤取水现场试验的渗流场特征及数值模拟研究
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摘要
集取河床渗透水的渗滤取水技术是最近几年才发展起来的一项傍河取水新技术。本论文针对渗滤取水工程中水量计算不准确这一问题，进行了如下的探讨和研究：
(1) 结合某渗滤取水工程现场模拟试验，并以多孔介质地下水渗流的基本原理为指导，对试验的渗流场特征进行分析。
(2) 根据试验的渗流场特征，建立试验的水文地质数学模型，应用Modfolw进行数值模拟。
(3) 对渗滤取水的取水量影响因素分析。首先探讨了滤床地下水的水动力特征对取水量的影响。第二，应用试验建立的渗滤取水水文地质数学模型，对渗滤取水的取水量影响因素进行数值模拟分析。
研究表明：
(1) 渗滤取水的渗流场具有典型的饱和三维稳定流特征；渗滤取水滤床中地下水与河流的水力联系比较紧密，滤床中的地下水处于承压状态。
(2) 根据试验所建立的饱和三维稳定流数学模型是适用的。
(3) 滤床堵塞和泥膜增厚可能产生滤床中水动力特征的改变，会产生非饱和流导致出水量的衰减。
(4) 滤床的渗透性能越好，河床水力传导系数越高，河水水位越高，取水面积越大，取水管之间的间距越大，则最大取水量越大；水位降深与取水量成正比关系。
The technique of infiltration diversion near the river,collecting the water from the riverbed,is a new one developed in recent years. To solve the problem that the water quantity can not be calculated correctly,the following researches were made:
(1) Discussing the properties of the on-site experimental seepage flow field of one infiltration diversion project guided by the basic theory of groundwater flow in porous media.
(2) Establishing the mathematical model of hydrology based on the analysis of seepage flow field of the experiment and doing the numerical simulation with Modflow.
(3) Analyzing the factors that influence the water quantity. Firstly,study the hydrodynamic properties in the filtering bed;secondly,analyze the influencing factors by the method of numerical simulation with the above mathematical model.
The researches indicated:
(1) The seepage flow field of infiltration diversion is characterized by three-dimensional,saturated and steady flow. There is the close hydraulic relationship between the river and the groundwater in the filtering bed,and the groundwater is confined.
(2) The three-dimensional,saturated and steady mathematical model established on the basis of the experiment is applicable.
(3) The blockage of filtering bed and the thickening of the argitan can cause the change of hydrodynamic properties in the filtering bed,which leads to the decrease of water quantity.
(4) The maximum water quantity becomes greater,the better is the filtering bed permeability,the higher the river hydraulic conductance,the higher the river level,the larger the water-collecting area and the bigger the distance between collecting pipes. The water quantity varies directly with drawdown.
(1) 结合某渗滤取水工程现场模拟试验，并以多孔介质地下水渗流的基本原理为指导，对试验的渗流场特征进行分析。
(2) 根据试验的渗流场特征，建立试验的水文地质数学模型，应用Modfolw进行数值模拟。
(3) 对渗滤取水的取水量影响因素分析。首先探讨了滤床地下水的水动力特征对取水量的影响。第二，应用试验建立的渗滤取水水文地质数学模型，对渗滤取水的取水量影响因素进行数值模拟分析。
研究表明：
(1) 渗滤取水的渗流场具有典型的饱和三维稳定流特征；渗滤取水滤床中地下水与河流的水力联系比较紧密，滤床中的地下水处于承压状态。
(2) 根据试验所建立的饱和三维稳定流数学模型是适用的。
(3) 滤床堵塞和泥膜增厚可能产生滤床中水动力特征的改变，会产生非饱和流导致出水量的衰减。
(4) 滤床的渗透性能越好，河床水力传导系数越高，河水水位越高，取水面积越大，取水管之间的间距越大，则最大取水量越大；水位降深与取水量成正比关系。
The technique of infiltration diversion near the river,collecting the water from the riverbed,is a new one developed in recent years. To solve the problem that the water quantity can not be calculated correctly,the following researches were made:
(1) Discussing the properties of the on-site experimental seepage flow field of one infiltration diversion project guided by the basic theory of groundwater flow in porous media.
(2) Establishing the mathematical model of hydrology based on the analysis of seepage flow field of the experiment and doing the numerical simulation with Modflow.
(3) Analyzing the factors that influence the water quantity. Firstly,study the hydrodynamic properties in the filtering bed;secondly,analyze the influencing factors by the method of numerical simulation with the above mathematical model.
The researches indicated:
(1) The seepage flow field of infiltration diversion is characterized by three-dimensional,saturated and steady flow. There is the close hydraulic relationship between the river and the groundwater in the filtering bed,and the groundwater is confined.
(2) The three-dimensional,saturated and steady mathematical model established on the basis of the experiment is applicable.
(3) The blockage of filtering bed and the thickening of the argitan can cause the change of hydrodynamic properties in the filtering bed,which leads to the decrease of water quantity.
(4) The maximum water quantity becomes greater,the better is the filtering bed permeability,the higher the river hydraulic conductance,the higher the river level,the larger the water-collecting area and the bigger the distance between collecting pipes. The water quantity varies directly with drawdown.
引文
1．薛禹群．地下水动力学原理．北京：地质出版社，1986．12
2．雅贝尔著，许涓铭等译．地下水水力学．北京：地质出版社，1985．12
3．朱学愚，谢春红．地下水运移模型．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1990．9
4．OTTO D. L STRACK, Groundwater Mechanics. Prentice Hall Englewood Cliffs, New Jersy, 1988.
5．王昌杰等．河流动力学．人民交通出版社，2001．2
6．顾慰慈．渗流计算原理与应用．北京：中国建材工业出版社，2000．8
7．McDonald, M. G., A.W. Harbaugh. A modular three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water flow model. Techniques of Water resources Investigations, Book 6, A1, U. S. geological Survey, 1988.
8．吴剑锋，朱学愚．由MODFLOW浅谈地下水流数值模拟软件的发展趋势．工程勘察，2000，(2)
9．Hunt, B. Mathematical analysis of groundwater resources. Butterworths, Cambridge, 1983..
10．地质部水文地质工程地质研究所选编．地下水资源评价理论与方法的研究．中国首届地下水资源评价学术会议论文选编．北京：地质出版社，1982．4
11．张瑞，吴林高．地下水资源评价与管理．上海：同济大学出版社，1997．1．
12．李广贺，刘兆昌，张旭．水资源利用工程与管理．清华大学出版社，1998．1
13．苑莲菊，李振栓等工程渗流力学与应用．北京：中国建材工业出版社，2001．7
14．陈崇希，唐仲华．地下水流动问题数值方法．武汉：中国地质大学出版社，1990．6
15．沈照理等．水文地质学．北京：科学出版社，1991．4
16．严煦世，范谨初．给水工程．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1999．12第四版
17．毛昶熙．渗流计算分析与控制．北京：水利电力出版社，1990．5
18．陈雨孙．地下水运动与资源评价．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1986
19．BMDKOUBI A, GANJIDOUST H, GHDERT, et al. Performance of asubsurface constructed wetland in Iran[J]. Wat Sci Tech, 1998, 38, (1): 345-350.
20．WILSON L C, AMY G L, GERBA C P, et al. Water quality changes during soil aquifer treatment of tertiary effluent[J]. Water Environ Res, 1995, 67: 371-375.
21．薛禹群 吴吉春，面临21世纪的中国地下水模拟问题．水文地质工程地质，1999，(5)
22．张蔚榛．地下水非稳定流计算和地下水资源评价．北京：科学出版社，1983．12
23．M. P. Anderson and W. W. Woessner, Applied groundwater modeling. simulation of flow and advective transport, Academic Press, 1992
24．Reid M E, Dreiss S J. Modeling the effects of unsaturated stratified sediments on groundwater recharge from intermittent streams. J. Hydrology, 1990, 114: 149～174
25．刘国东．傍河地下水与河水脱节机理研究．长春科技大学学报，1998，(1)
26．王允麟，谭浩等．关于渗渠取水设计的几个问题．给水排水，1997，(10)
27．薛禹群，吴吉春．地下水数值模拟在我国—回顾与展望．水文地质工程地质，1997，(4)
28．李晓，邓高．渗流井滤膜的初步实验研究．地质灾害与环境保护，1997，(3)
29．Wheeler M F, Roboraon R R, Chilakapati A. Three-dimensional diaremediation medeling in heterogenerous porous medial. Prodceeding Ⅸ International Conference on Compute Methods in Water Resources. Vo12, Mathemtical Modeling in Water Resources. Computer Mechanics Publications, 1992
30．王允麟，吴光春等．集取河床渗透水的辐射井运行分析．武汉工业大学学报，31．1995，(3)31．
Celin M A, Gray W. G. Numerical methods for differential equations. New jersey: Englewood Cliffs, 1992, 45-46
32. Peaceman D. W. Fundamentals of numerical reservoir simulation. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1997
33．刑志东，孙文海等，在砂卵石含水层打辐射井成井技术的试验研究．工程勘察，1996，(3)
34．何江涛等．污水土地处理技术与污水资源化．地学前缘，2001，(3)
35．钱会，郑西来，樊秀峰．傍河取水越河稳定渗流问题的三维数值模拟研究．水利学报，1999，(3)
36．王允麟，王涟等．辐射管集水计算模型研究．工程勘察，1995，(5)
37．阮如新．均质滤料过滤过程的水头损失计算模型．中国给水排水，2000，(2)
38．汪自力，张俊霞等，饱各—非饱和渗流模型在多层自由面渗流分析中的应用．人民黄河，1997，(1)
39. Hill, M. C., Solving groundwater flow problems by conjugate-gradient methods and the strongly implicit procedure, Water Resour. Res. 1990, 26(9), 1961-1969.
40．谢水波等．河床渗井出水量的计算．衡阳工学院学报，1994，(1)
41. ZHAN Mei-Li, SU Bao-yu. New method of simulating concentrated drain holes in seepage control analysis. Journal of Hydrodynamics, Ser, B, 1999(3)
42．王镭，刘中，张有天．有排水孔幕的渗流场分析．水利学报，1992，(2)
43．金为芝，史文仪．供水水文地质学．上海：同济大学出版社，1989(第一版)
44．边际，敦书会等，数值模拟方法在评价地下水资源时区内河流的处理方法．工程勘察，1998，(5)
45．汪自力等，饱和-渗流模型在多层自由面渗流分析中的应用．人民黄河，1997(1)
46．卢玉东．潜水含水层水压力传递的时效性．西安地质学院学报，1997(12，增刊)
47. Freeze, R. A. and J. A. Cherry. Prentice-Hall, Groundwater. Inc. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1979
48. Rushton K R. Seepage and groundwater flow. New York: Wiley, 1997
49. Homer R M W. Deep filtration: a new look at the basis equation. Wat Res, 1986
50．蒋亚萍，陈余道，MODFLOW——套水文地质学实用计算软件．广西地质，1996，(3)
51. David M. Diodato. Software Spotlight. Ground Water. Vol. 36(1).
52．林学钰、侯印伟等．地下水水量水质模拟及管理程序集．吉林科学技术出版社，1988．7
53．陈台智，周志彰．施工天然滤床渗流井取水工程，探矿工程，1995，(1)
54．张益谦，刘福仁等．人工含水层净化取水尝试．工程勘察，1995，(4)
55. U. S. Depratment of the Interior Water and Power Resources Service. Ground Water Manual. Denver, 1981.
56．吴耀国，王超等．徐州市奎河河流-地下水渗流系统处理水中氮．上海环境科学，2000，(1)
57. Michael C. Kemp, Dennis B. Geroge. Subsurface flow constructed wetlands treating municipal wastewater for nitrogen transfomation and reuoval. Water Environ. Res., 1997, (69)
2．雅贝尔著，许涓铭等译．地下水水力学．北京：地质出版社，1985．12
3．朱学愚，谢春红．地下水运移模型．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1990．9
4．OTTO D. L STRACK, Groundwater Mechanics. Prentice Hall Englewood Cliffs, New Jersy, 1988.
5．王昌杰等．河流动力学．人民交通出版社，2001．2
6．顾慰慈．渗流计算原理与应用．北京：中国建材工业出版社，2000．8
7．McDonald, M. G., A.W. Harbaugh. A modular three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water flow model. Techniques of Water resources Investigations, Book 6, A1, U. S. geological Survey, 1988.
8．吴剑锋，朱学愚．由MODFLOW浅谈地下水流数值模拟软件的发展趋势．工程勘察，2000，(2)
9．Hunt, B. Mathematical analysis of groundwater resources. Butterworths, Cambridge, 1983..
10．地质部水文地质工程地质研究所选编．地下水资源评价理论与方法的研究．中国首届地下水资源评价学术会议论文选编．北京：地质出版社，1982．4
11．张瑞，吴林高．地下水资源评价与管理．上海：同济大学出版社，1997．1．
12．李广贺，刘兆昌，张旭．水资源利用工程与管理．清华大学出版社，1998．1
13．苑莲菊，李振栓等工程渗流力学与应用．北京：中国建材工业出版社，2001．7
14．陈崇希，唐仲华．地下水流动问题数值方法．武汉：中国地质大学出版社，1990．6
15．沈照理等．水文地质学．北京：科学出版社，1991．4
16．严煦世，范谨初．给水工程．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1999．12第四版
17．毛昶熙．渗流计算分析与控制．北京：水利电力出版社，1990．5
18．陈雨孙．地下水运动与资源评价．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1986
19．BMDKOUBI A, GANJIDOUST H, GHDERT, et al. Performance of asubsurface constructed wetland in Iran[J]. Wat Sci Tech, 1998, 38, (1): 345-350.
20．WILSON L C, AMY G L, GERBA C P, et al. Water quality changes during soil aquifer treatment of tertiary effluent[J]. Water Environ Res, 1995, 67: 371-375.
21．薛禹群 吴吉春，面临21世纪的中国地下水模拟问题．水文地质工程地质，1999，(5)
22．张蔚榛．地下水非稳定流计算和地下水资源评价．北京：科学出版社，1983．12
23．M. P. Anderson and W. W. Woessner, Applied groundwater modeling. simulation of flow and advective transport, Academic Press, 1992
24．Reid M E, Dreiss S J. Modeling the effects of unsaturated stratified sediments on groundwater recharge from intermittent streams. J. Hydrology, 1990, 114: 149～174
25．刘国东．傍河地下水与河水脱节机理研究．长春科技大学学报，1998，(1)
26．王允麟，谭浩等．关于渗渠取水设计的几个问题．给水排水，1997，(10)
27．薛禹群，吴吉春．地下水数值模拟在我国—回顾与展望．水文地质工程地质，1997，(4)
28．李晓，邓高．渗流井滤膜的初步实验研究．地质灾害与环境保护，1997，(3)
29．Wheeler M F, Roboraon R R, Chilakapati A. Three-dimensional diaremediation medeling in heterogenerous porous medial. Prodceeding Ⅸ International Conference on Compute Methods in Water Resources. Vo12, Mathemtical Modeling in Water Resources. Computer Mechanics Publications, 1992
30．王允麟，吴光春等．集取河床渗透水的辐射井运行分析．武汉工业大学学报，31．1995，(3)31．
Celin M A, Gray W. G. Numerical methods for differential equations. New jersey: Englewood Cliffs, 1992, 45-46
32. Peaceman D. W. Fundamentals of numerical reservoir simulation. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1997
33．刑志东，孙文海等，在砂卵石含水层打辐射井成井技术的试验研究．工程勘察，1996，(3)
34．何江涛等．污水土地处理技术与污水资源化．地学前缘，2001，(3)
35．钱会，郑西来，樊秀峰．傍河取水越河稳定渗流问题的三维数值模拟研究．水利学报，1999，(3)
36．王允麟，王涟等．辐射管集水计算模型研究．工程勘察，1995，(5)
37．阮如新．均质滤料过滤过程的水头损失计算模型．中国给水排水，2000，(2)
38．汪自力，张俊霞等，饱各—非饱和渗流模型在多层自由面渗流分析中的应用．人民黄河，1997，(1)
39. Hill, M. C., Solving groundwater flow problems by conjugate-gradient methods and the strongly implicit procedure, Water Resour. Res. 1990, 26(9), 1961-1969.
40．谢水波等．河床渗井出水量的计算．衡阳工学院学报，1994，(1)
41. ZHAN Mei-Li, SU Bao-yu. New method of simulating concentrated drain holes in seepage control analysis. Journal of Hydrodynamics, Ser, B, 1999(3)
42．王镭，刘中，张有天．有排水孔幕的渗流场分析．水利学报，1992，(2)
43．金为芝，史文仪．供水水文地质学．上海：同济大学出版社，1989(第一版)
44．边际，敦书会等，数值模拟方法在评价地下水资源时区内河流的处理方法．工程勘察，1998，(5)
45．汪自力等，饱和-渗流模型在多层自由面渗流分析中的应用．人民黄河，1997(1)
46．卢玉东．潜水含水层水压力传递的时效性．西安地质学院学报，1997(12，增刊)
47. Freeze, R. A. and J. A. Cherry. Prentice-Hall, Groundwater. Inc. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1979
48. Rushton K R. Seepage and groundwater flow. New York: Wiley, 1997
49. Homer R M W. Deep filtration: a new look at the basis equation. Wat Res, 1986
50．蒋亚萍，陈余道，MODFLOW——套水文地质学实用计算软件．广西地质，1996，(3)
51. David M. Diodato. Software Spotlight. Ground Water. Vol. 36(1).
52．林学钰、侯印伟等．地下水水量水质模拟及管理程序集．吉林科学技术出版社，1988．7
53．陈台智，周志彰．施工天然滤床渗流井取水工程，探矿工程，1995，(1)
54．张益谦，刘福仁等．人工含水层净化取水尝试．工程勘察，1995，(4)
55. U. S. Depratment of the Interior Water and Power Resources Service. Ground Water Manual. Denver, 1981.
56．吴耀国，王超等．徐州市奎河河流-地下水渗流系统处理水中氮．上海环境科学，2000，(1)
57. Michael C. Kemp, Dennis B. Geroge. Subsurface flow constructed wetlands treating municipal wastewater for nitrogen transfomation and reuoval. Water Environ. Res., 1997, (69)