雪峰山1号隧道工程地下水环境分析研究
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摘要
隧道工程建设中,地下水是影响隧道施工安全、工程质量及工程结构稳定的重要因素,也是隧道使用过程中的主要隐患,容易导致水土流失等环境问题。因此,掌握隧道区围岩中地下水分布及赋存规律,并建立水文地质模型,对隧道涌水量进行定量评价显得尤为重要。
雪峰山1号隧道全长11679m,最大埋深约为840m,地层岩性复杂,隧道区分布有背斜、断层等地质构造,围岩类型丰富,属典型长大隧道。
本文在进行雪峰山1号隧道地质环境及水文地质条件调查的基础上,所做具体工作如下：
(1)分析观测资料,研究地下水的赋存特征及类型,结合地下水的补给、径流特征,掌握地下水变化与隧道施工涌水的关系。
(2)将水力影响半径内隧道区划分为5个独立的水文地质区段并建立相应的水文地质概念模型。
(3)在概化的基础上建立数学模型,然后通过含水系统的离散化、水文地质参数及定解条件的处理,运用Visual MODFLOW建立各水文地质区段的三维数值模拟模型用以模拟隧道开挖后渗流场情况。
(4)利用模拟结果预测隧道区最大涌水量,并与常规涌水量预测方法结果进行对比分析增强预测准确性,最后提出在隧道施工建设和运营过程中需采取的防范措施,以减少由于涌突水而造成的各种危害。
In the tunnel construction,groundwater is the main factor impacting the safety,quality and engineering structure stability of the tunnel construction,which is mainly hidden in the tunnel uses process and leads to soil erosion and other environmental issues. Therefore, the master of the groundwater in the tunnel area surrounding rock distribution and occurrence patterns, and the establishment of the hydrological model, quantitative evaluation to the tunnel water gushing is particularly important.
Xuefengshan Tunnel No.1, total length of11679m, the maximum depth of about840m, distributes anticlines, faults and other geological structures,and it has complex formation lithology, the surrounding rock types.It is a typical Long Tunnel.
The specific work is as follows on the base of the investigation on geological and hydrogeological conditions of Xuefengshan Tunnel No.1:
(1) To master the relationship of groundwater changes and tunnel construction water gushing through the analysis of the observational data and the study on the characteristics and types of groundwater occurrence combined with groundwater recharge and runoff.
(2) Influence tunnel of hydraulic radius is divided into five independent hydrogeological section and hydrogeological conceptual model is established.
(3) Generalizate a mathematical model on the base of conceptualization,and use Visual MODFLOW to establish the three-dimensional numerical model of the hydrogeology section for the simulation of tunnel excavation seepage field through the discretization of the aquifer systems and handling of hydrogeological parameters and boundary conditions.
(4)Use the simulation results to predict the tunnel area of water gushing, and regular gushing forecasting methods were analyzed to enhance the predictive accuracy.And finally propose preventive measures to be taken in the construction of tunnel construction and operation of the process to reduce gushing water caused by a variety of hazards.
雪峰山1号隧道全长11679m,最大埋深约为840m,地层岩性复杂,隧道区分布有背斜、断层等地质构造,围岩类型丰富,属典型长大隧道。
本文在进行雪峰山1号隧道地质环境及水文地质条件调查的基础上,所做具体工作如下：
(1)分析观测资料,研究地下水的赋存特征及类型,结合地下水的补给、径流特征,掌握地下水变化与隧道施工涌水的关系。
(2)将水力影响半径内隧道区划分为5个独立的水文地质区段并建立相应的水文地质概念模型。
(3)在概化的基础上建立数学模型,然后通过含水系统的离散化、水文地质参数及定解条件的处理,运用Visual MODFLOW建立各水文地质区段的三维数值模拟模型用以模拟隧道开挖后渗流场情况。
(4)利用模拟结果预测隧道区最大涌水量,并与常规涌水量预测方法结果进行对比分析增强预测准确性,最后提出在隧道施工建设和运营过程中需采取的防范措施,以减少由于涌突水而造成的各种危害。
In the tunnel construction,groundwater is the main factor impacting the safety,quality and engineering structure stability of the tunnel construction,which is mainly hidden in the tunnel uses process and leads to soil erosion and other environmental issues. Therefore, the master of the groundwater in the tunnel area surrounding rock distribution and occurrence patterns, and the establishment of the hydrological model, quantitative evaluation to the tunnel water gushing is particularly important.
Xuefengshan Tunnel No.1, total length of11679m, the maximum depth of about840m, distributes anticlines, faults and other geological structures,and it has complex formation lithology, the surrounding rock types.It is a typical Long Tunnel.
The specific work is as follows on the base of the investigation on geological and hydrogeological conditions of Xuefengshan Tunnel No.1:
(1) To master the relationship of groundwater changes and tunnel construction water gushing through the analysis of the observational data and the study on the characteristics and types of groundwater occurrence combined with groundwater recharge and runoff.
(2) Influence tunnel of hydraulic radius is divided into five independent hydrogeological section and hydrogeological conceptual model is established.
(3) Generalizate a mathematical model on the base of conceptualization,and use Visual MODFLOW to establish the three-dimensional numerical model of the hydrogeology section for the simulation of tunnel excavation seepage field through the discretization of the aquifer systems and handling of hydrogeological parameters and boundary conditions.
(4)Use the simulation results to predict the tunnel area of water gushing, and regular gushing forecasting methods were analyzed to enhance the predictive accuracy.And finally propose preventive measures to be taken in the construction of tunnel construction and operation of the process to reduce gushing water caused by a variety of hazards.
引文
[1]干昆蓉,蒋肃,李云海.山岭隧道高压用水环境危害与治理.铁道工程学报,2008.9：72
[2]朱大力,李秋枫.预测隧道涌水量的方法.工程勘察,,2000.4.
[3]蒙彦.岩溶区隧道涌水研究现状及建议.中国岩溶,2003,22(4)：287-292
[4]Anon.Reeommendations for the treatment of water in flow sand out flows in operated under ground structures.Tunneling and Underground Space Technology,1989,4(3):343-407.
[5]张宏仁等编译.地下水水力学的发展.地质出版社,1992.
[6]Renard, Philippe.Approximate discharge for constant head test with recharging boundary.Ground Water, v43, n3, May/June,2005:439-442
[7]Shamma, John.Tempelis, Daniel.Duke, Steven. Fordham, Erie.Freeman, Tom Arrowhead tunnels:Assessing groundwater control measures in a fraetured hard rock medium.Proceedings — Rapid Exeavation and Tunneling Conferenee,2003:296-305.
[8]Molinero, Jorge.SamPer, Javier Juanes, Ruben.Numerieal modeling of the transient hydrogeological response produced by tunnel construction in fractured bed roeks. Engineering Geology,v64,n4,June,2002:369-386.
[9]Noorishad J,Ayatollahi M S., Wither spoon P.A..Finite-element method for coupled stress and fluid flow analysis in fractured rock masses.International Journal of Rock Mechanies and Mining Sciences&Geomeehanies Abstracts,1982,19(4):185-195.
[10]Meiri,David.Unconfined groundwater flow calculation into a tunnel. Journal of Hydrology,v82, nl-2,Nov30,1985:69-75.
[11]Barton,N. Bandis,S.Bakhtar,K.Steength.deformation and conductivity coupling of rock joints. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts, 1985,22(3):21-140.
[12]Oda,Masanobu.Equlvalent continuem model for coupled stress and fiuid flow analysis in jointed rock masses.Water Resources Researeh,1986,22(13):1845-1856.
[13]Heuer, Ronald E.Estimating rock tunnel water in flow.Proceedings-Rapid Excavation And Tunneling Conference, 1995:41-60.
[14]仵彦卿.地下水与地质灾害.地下空间,1999,19(4)：304-316.
[15]黄涛,杨立中.渗流与应力祸合环境下裂隙围岩隧道涌水量的预测研究.铁道学报,1999,21(6)：75-80.
[16]黄涛,杨立中,渗流一应力一温度祸合下裂隙围岩隧道涌水量的预测.西南交通大学学报,1999,34(5)：554-559.
[17]王媛,徐志英,速宝玉.复杂裂隙岩体渗流与应力弹塑性全祸合分析.岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(2)：177-181.
[18]贾疏源.华签山隧道暴雨涌突水及其对隧道的影响.世界隧道,1999,1：50-55.
[19]王建秀.大型地下工程岩溶涌(突)水模式的水文地质分析及其工程应用.水文地质工程地质,2001,4：49-52.
[20]刘高.深埋长大隧道涌(突)水条件及影响因素分析.天津城市建设学院学报,2002,8(3)：160-164.
[21]徐则民.深埋岩溶隧道涌水最大水头压力评估.地球科学进展,2004,19(1)：363-067.
[22]蒋忠信.深埋岩溶隧道水压力的预测与预报.铁道工程学报,2005,6：37-40.
[23]白明洲.长大隧道施工过程中突水突泥灾害预测预报技术研究.公路交通科技,2005,22(6)：123-126.
[24]皇甫行丰.论水文地质概念模型的建立.河南地质.1997.12：283
[25]孟春晓.水下隧道水文地质概念模型研究.西南交通大学2011
[26]赵顺义.山岭公路隧道的水害研究与处治.重庆交通大学.2008
[27]卢文喜.地下水运动数值模拟过程中边界条件问题探讨.水利学报.2003
[28]田启明.建设项目水资源论证及相关问题的研究.西安理工大学.2004
[29]周益军等.隧道开挖时地下渗流场的模拟分析.公路与汽运.2008.4
[30]骆祖江等.复杂巨厚第四纪松散沉积层地区深基坑降水三维渗流场数值模拟——以上海地铁4#线董家渡段隧道修复基坑降水为例.岩石力学与工程学报.2007
[31]马秀媛.地下水预测的新方法研究.山东大学.2007
[32]张强.金沙江观音岩电站红层钙质砂岩类岩溶发育特征及渗透稳定性研究.成都理工大学.2010
[33]陈锁忠MODFLOW三维有限差分地下水渗流模型的原理.江苏地矿信息.1999.1
[34]张友谊.不同降雨条件下峡口滑坡稳定性研究.西南交通大学.2007
[35]P. Kuma. Elements for Numerical Analysis of Underground Excavations. Tunneling and Underground Technology,2000,15(1):117—124.
[36]朱合华,陈清军,杨林德.边界元法及其在岩土工程中的应用,上海：同济大学出版社,1997.
[37]K.J. Shou. A Three-Dimensional Hybrid BOuIldary Element Method for Non-Linear Analysis of a Weak Plane Near an Underground Excavation. Tunneling and Underground Space Technology,2000, 15(2):215—226.
[38]王鲁明,赵洪先,华安增.分层介质对巷道裂隙围岩稳定性影响的数值分析.矿山压力与顶板管理,2004,(3)：8—14.
[39]魏作安.锚喷支护巷道围岩变形与破坏的边界元分析.有色冶金设计与研究,1995。16(3)：3—5.
[40]胡夏嵩,赵法锁.低地应力区地下洞室初始和二次应力离散元模拟.金属矿山,2004,(11)：18—21.
[41]Charles Fairhurst, Juemin Pei. A Comparison Between the Distinct Element Method and the Finite Element Method for Analysis of the Stability of an Excavation in Jointed Rock. Tunneling and Underground Space Technology,1990,5(1):111—117.
[42]郭卫星,卢国平.MODFLOW三维有限差分法地下水流模型.南京大学地球科学系,1998：58-69
[43]傅莉.三门峡铝土矿地下水数值模拟.同济大学硕士学位论文,2009
[44]Wang Q J.The genetic and its application to calibrating conceptual rainfall-runoff models.Water Resour res,1991
[45]王鹏等.岩质边坡渗流场中等效连续介质模型的应用.北京科技大学学报,Vo1.25 No.2
[46]李福清,武永霞,胡向东.杭州庆春路隧道超深基坑水文地质抽水试验三维有限差分法数值分析.地下工程施工与风险防范技术,2007
[47]LW.基尔哈等著,李俊,李俊亭译.地下水系统的随机模拟.地质出版社,1984.
[49]李兴高.刘维宁.隧道渗涌水的随机模型预测.中国安全科学学报,2002.04.
[50]赵连彬.陡河电厂李家峪灰场水文地质条件及地下水流场数值模拟研究.成都理工大学.2009
[51]叶守杰.渗滤取水现场试验的渗流场特征及数值模拟研究.西南交通大学.2002
[2]朱大力,李秋枫.预测隧道涌水量的方法.工程勘察,,2000.4.
[3]蒙彦.岩溶区隧道涌水研究现状及建议.中国岩溶,2003,22(4)：287-292
[4]Anon.Reeommendations for the treatment of water in flow sand out flows in operated under ground structures.Tunneling and Underground Space Technology,1989,4(3):343-407.
[5]张宏仁等编译.地下水水力学的发展.地质出版社,1992.
[6]Renard, Philippe.Approximate discharge for constant head test with recharging boundary.Ground Water, v43, n3, May/June,2005:439-442
[7]Shamma, John.Tempelis, Daniel.Duke, Steven. Fordham, Erie.Freeman, Tom Arrowhead tunnels:Assessing groundwater control measures in a fraetured hard rock medium.Proceedings — Rapid Exeavation and Tunneling Conferenee,2003:296-305.
[8]Molinero, Jorge.SamPer, Javier Juanes, Ruben.Numerieal modeling of the transient hydrogeological response produced by tunnel construction in fractured bed roeks. Engineering Geology,v64,n4,June,2002:369-386.
[9]Noorishad J,Ayatollahi M S., Wither spoon P.A..Finite-element method for coupled stress and fluid flow analysis in fractured rock masses.International Journal of Rock Mechanies and Mining Sciences&Geomeehanies Abstracts,1982,19(4):185-195.
[10]Meiri,David.Unconfined groundwater flow calculation into a tunnel. Journal of Hydrology,v82, nl-2,Nov30,1985:69-75.
[11]Barton,N. Bandis,S.Bakhtar,K.Steength.deformation and conductivity coupling of rock joints. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts, 1985,22(3):21-140.
[12]Oda,Masanobu.Equlvalent continuem model for coupled stress and fiuid flow analysis in jointed rock masses.Water Resources Researeh,1986,22(13):1845-1856.
[13]Heuer, Ronald E.Estimating rock tunnel water in flow.Proceedings-Rapid Excavation And Tunneling Conference, 1995:41-60.
[14]仵彦卿.地下水与地质灾害.地下空间,1999,19(4)：304-316.
[15]黄涛,杨立中.渗流与应力祸合环境下裂隙围岩隧道涌水量的预测研究.铁道学报,1999,21(6)：75-80.
[16]黄涛,杨立中,渗流一应力一温度祸合下裂隙围岩隧道涌水量的预测.西南交通大学学报,1999,34(5)：554-559.
[17]王媛,徐志英,速宝玉.复杂裂隙岩体渗流与应力弹塑性全祸合分析.岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(2)：177-181.
[18]贾疏源.华签山隧道暴雨涌突水及其对隧道的影响.世界隧道,1999,1：50-55.
[19]王建秀.大型地下工程岩溶涌(突)水模式的水文地质分析及其工程应用.水文地质工程地质,2001,4：49-52.
[20]刘高.深埋长大隧道涌(突)水条件及影响因素分析.天津城市建设学院学报,2002,8(3)：160-164.
[21]徐则民.深埋岩溶隧道涌水最大水头压力评估.地球科学进展,2004,19(1)：363-067.
[22]蒋忠信.深埋岩溶隧道水压力的预测与预报.铁道工程学报,2005,6：37-40.
[23]白明洲.长大隧道施工过程中突水突泥灾害预测预报技术研究.公路交通科技,2005,22(6)：123-126.
[24]皇甫行丰.论水文地质概念模型的建立.河南地质.1997.12：283
[25]孟春晓.水下隧道水文地质概念模型研究.西南交通大学2011
[26]赵顺义.山岭公路隧道的水害研究与处治.重庆交通大学.2008
[27]卢文喜.地下水运动数值模拟过程中边界条件问题探讨.水利学报.2003
[28]田启明.建设项目水资源论证及相关问题的研究.西安理工大学.2004
[29]周益军等.隧道开挖时地下渗流场的模拟分析.公路与汽运.2008.4
[30]骆祖江等.复杂巨厚第四纪松散沉积层地区深基坑降水三维渗流场数值模拟——以上海地铁4#线董家渡段隧道修复基坑降水为例.岩石力学与工程学报.2007
[31]马秀媛.地下水预测的新方法研究.山东大学.2007
[32]张强.金沙江观音岩电站红层钙质砂岩类岩溶发育特征及渗透稳定性研究.成都理工大学.2010
[33]陈锁忠MODFLOW三维有限差分地下水渗流模型的原理.江苏地矿信息.1999.1
[34]张友谊.不同降雨条件下峡口滑坡稳定性研究.西南交通大学.2007
[35]P. Kuma. Elements for Numerical Analysis of Underground Excavations. Tunneling and Underground Technology,2000,15(1):117—124.
[36]朱合华,陈清军,杨林德.边界元法及其在岩土工程中的应用,上海：同济大学出版社,1997.
[37]K.J. Shou. A Three-Dimensional Hybrid BOuIldary Element Method for Non-Linear Analysis of a Weak Plane Near an Underground Excavation. Tunneling and Underground Space Technology,2000, 15(2):215—226.
[38]王鲁明,赵洪先,华安增.分层介质对巷道裂隙围岩稳定性影响的数值分析.矿山压力与顶板管理,2004,(3)：8—14.
[39]魏作安.锚喷支护巷道围岩变形与破坏的边界元分析.有色冶金设计与研究,1995。16(3)：3—5.
[40]胡夏嵩,赵法锁.低地应力区地下洞室初始和二次应力离散元模拟.金属矿山,2004,(11)：18—21.
[41]Charles Fairhurst, Juemin Pei. A Comparison Between the Distinct Element Method and the Finite Element Method for Analysis of the Stability of an Excavation in Jointed Rock. Tunneling and Underground Space Technology,1990,5(1):111—117.
[42]郭卫星,卢国平.MODFLOW三维有限差分法地下水流模型.南京大学地球科学系,1998：58-69
[43]傅莉.三门峡铝土矿地下水数值模拟.同济大学硕士学位论文,2009
[44]Wang Q J.The genetic and its application to calibrating conceptual rainfall-runoff models.Water Resour res,1991
[45]王鹏等.岩质边坡渗流场中等效连续介质模型的应用.北京科技大学学报,Vo1.25 No.2
[46]李福清,武永霞,胡向东.杭州庆春路隧道超深基坑水文地质抽水试验三维有限差分法数值分析.地下工程施工与风险防范技术,2007
[47]LW.基尔哈等著,李俊,李俊亭译.地下水系统的随机模拟.地质出版社,1984.
[49]李兴高.刘维宁.隧道渗涌水的随机模型预测.中国安全科学学报,2002.04.
[50]赵连彬.陡河电厂李家峪灰场水文地质条件及地下水流场数值模拟研究.成都理工大学.2009
[51]叶守杰.渗滤取水现场试验的渗流场特征及数值模拟研究.西南交通大学.2002