华北特低渗透砂砾岩油藏储层特征及渗流规律实验研究
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摘要
本文以华北乌里雅斯太油田不同特低渗透砂砾岩储层为实验对象,结合恒速压汞、核磁共振以及物理模拟等实验手段,对比了华北不同特低渗透砂砾岩储层的微观孔隙结构和可动流体含量,在此基础上,对特低渗透砂砾岩单相和两相渗流规律进行了较系统的研究。主要研究内容及成果如下：
1、华北特低渗透砂砾岩油藏平均喉道半径与渗透率呈良好的幂函数关系,喉道半径是控制储层渗透率的主要因素。喉道半径小、非均质程度强以及粘土矿物含量较多是特低渗透砂砾岩储层敏感性强的主要因素。
2、核磁共振测试结果表明：特低渗透砂砾岩储层T2谱单峰结构增多,最大T2驰豫时间介于砂岩和砾岩之间,T2截止值高于常规特低渗透砂岩储层；随着渗透率增加,可动流体百分数、可动流体孔隙度增大,相关性变好；渗透率越低,非均质程度越强。
3、通过启动压力梯度实验可知,对于同一实验岩样,油测启动压力梯度要大于水测启动压力梯度。随着渗透率增大,水、油测启动压力梯度逐渐减小,且降低幅度逐渐减弱。
4、在油水相对渗透率测试实验中,通过考虑油、水粘度以及油、水相的有效渗透率,分别计算得到油、水相最大流度,通过该流度反映并对比了各特低渗透砂砾岩储层的油水两相流动难易程度。
5、将核磁共振和物理模拟实验相结合,提出了特低渗透油田相渗曲线测试新方法。该方法校正了束缚水饱和度和残余油饱和度,提高了实验精度,使渗透率与驱油效率的关系得到很大加强；对于不同渗透率的相渗曲线来说,T2几何均值与可动流体百分数、可动油饱和度、渗吸效率、驱替效率和总的驱油效率有很好的相关关系。
6、根据研究的华北特低渗透砂砾岩储层特性,结合前人建立的低渗透油藏储层评价标准,采用综合评判的方法对华北特低渗透砂砾岩进行储层评价。
Combining with the experiments of rate-controlled mercury penetration, nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) and physical simulation, the paper compared analyses the micro pore structure and the content of moveable fluid of the different ultra-low permeability glutenite reservoirs of Huabei Uliastai oil field. Then, based on the above research, the seepage law of the singe phase fluid and two phase fluids were studied. The research results are as following:
1.The average of throat radius and permeability of the ultra-low permeability glutenite reservoirs have a fine power function relationship. Throat radius is the main factor of controlling the permeability of reservoirs. Small throat radius, high heteroge-neous degree and higher content of clay are the main factors of strong reservoir sensitivity of the ultra-low permeability glutenite reservoirs.
2.NMR testing results show, for the ultra-low permeability glutenite reservoirs, T2 relaxation pectrum have more mono peaks than sandstone. The maximum value of T2 relaxation time lies between sandstone and conglomerate. The value of cutoff T2 is larger than general ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoirs. Parameters of moveable fluid become lager as permeability increases, and their relation gets better as permeability increases. Heterogeneous degree is stronger as permeability decreases.
3.From the experiments of starting pressure gradient testing, for the same rock sample, starting pressure gradient of oil phase is larger than that of water phase. With permeability increasing, starting pressure gradient of oil and water phase decrease, and the decreasing degree becomes weak.
4. Considering oil and water viscosity and effective permeability, the maximum of oil and water mobility were calculated in the relative permeability testing. By the maximum, oil and water flowability of the different ultra-low permeability glutenite reservoirs were compared.
5. Combining NMR with physical simulation of low permeability reservoir, a new method of testing relative permeability curve was put forward. The new method adjusts irreducible water saturation and residual oil saturation, improves experimental precision, and makes the relation between permeability and oil displacement efficiency gets better. For the differently relative permeability curve, there are evident relationship between T2 geometric mean value and movable fluid percentage, movable oil saturation, imbibitions efficiency, expulsion efficiency, total oil displacement efficiency.
6. Based on the reservoir characters of ultra-low permeability glutenite reservoirs in this paper, combining with previous evaluation standard suiting with the low permeability reservoirs, a comprehensive evaluation has been taken on the ultra-low permeability glutenite reservoirs of Huabei oil field.
1、华北特低渗透砂砾岩油藏平均喉道半径与渗透率呈良好的幂函数关系,喉道半径是控制储层渗透率的主要因素。喉道半径小、非均质程度强以及粘土矿物含量较多是特低渗透砂砾岩储层敏感性强的主要因素。
2、核磁共振测试结果表明：特低渗透砂砾岩储层T2谱单峰结构增多,最大T2驰豫时间介于砂岩和砾岩之间,T2截止值高于常规特低渗透砂岩储层；随着渗透率增加,可动流体百分数、可动流体孔隙度增大,相关性变好；渗透率越低,非均质程度越强。
3、通过启动压力梯度实验可知,对于同一实验岩样,油测启动压力梯度要大于水测启动压力梯度。随着渗透率增大,水、油测启动压力梯度逐渐减小,且降低幅度逐渐减弱。
4、在油水相对渗透率测试实验中,通过考虑油、水粘度以及油、水相的有效渗透率,分别计算得到油、水相最大流度,通过该流度反映并对比了各特低渗透砂砾岩储层的油水两相流动难易程度。
5、将核磁共振和物理模拟实验相结合,提出了特低渗透油田相渗曲线测试新方法。该方法校正了束缚水饱和度和残余油饱和度,提高了实验精度,使渗透率与驱油效率的关系得到很大加强；对于不同渗透率的相渗曲线来说,T2几何均值与可动流体百分数、可动油饱和度、渗吸效率、驱替效率和总的驱油效率有很好的相关关系。
6、根据研究的华北特低渗透砂砾岩储层特性,结合前人建立的低渗透油藏储层评价标准,采用综合评判的方法对华北特低渗透砂砾岩进行储层评价。
Combining with the experiments of rate-controlled mercury penetration, nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) and physical simulation, the paper compared analyses the micro pore structure and the content of moveable fluid of the different ultra-low permeability glutenite reservoirs of Huabei Uliastai oil field. Then, based on the above research, the seepage law of the singe phase fluid and two phase fluids were studied. The research results are as following:
1.The average of throat radius and permeability of the ultra-low permeability glutenite reservoirs have a fine power function relationship. Throat radius is the main factor of controlling the permeability of reservoirs. Small throat radius, high heteroge-neous degree and higher content of clay are the main factors of strong reservoir sensitivity of the ultra-low permeability glutenite reservoirs.
2.NMR testing results show, for the ultra-low permeability glutenite reservoirs, T2 relaxation pectrum have more mono peaks than sandstone. The maximum value of T2 relaxation time lies between sandstone and conglomerate. The value of cutoff T2 is larger than general ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoirs. Parameters of moveable fluid become lager as permeability increases, and their relation gets better as permeability increases. Heterogeneous degree is stronger as permeability decreases.
3.From the experiments of starting pressure gradient testing, for the same rock sample, starting pressure gradient of oil phase is larger than that of water phase. With permeability increasing, starting pressure gradient of oil and water phase decrease, and the decreasing degree becomes weak.
4. Considering oil and water viscosity and effective permeability, the maximum of oil and water mobility were calculated in the relative permeability testing. By the maximum, oil and water flowability of the different ultra-low permeability glutenite reservoirs were compared.
5. Combining NMR with physical simulation of low permeability reservoir, a new method of testing relative permeability curve was put forward. The new method adjusts irreducible water saturation and residual oil saturation, improves experimental precision, and makes the relation between permeability and oil displacement efficiency gets better. For the differently relative permeability curve, there are evident relationship between T2 geometric mean value and movable fluid percentage, movable oil saturation, imbibitions efficiency, expulsion efficiency, total oil displacement efficiency.
6. Based on the reservoir characters of ultra-low permeability glutenite reservoirs in this paper, combining with previous evaluation standard suiting with the low permeability reservoirs, a comprehensive evaluation has been taken on the ultra-low permeability glutenite reservoirs of Huabei oil field.
引文
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