七个泉低渗透薄互层油田提高采油速度综合研究
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摘要
具有纵向层数多、单层厚度薄、平面分布广等特征的低渗透薄互层油气藏是我国重要的能源组成部分,但因其储层物性差、储量丰度低、自然产能低、常规压裂有效期短等开发特点,常常表现出注水压力高、注水效果差、含水上升快、采收率普遍偏低等开发动态特征。因此,探索出一条有效开发低渗透薄互层油藏的途径,对提高油藏采油速度和采收率,改善油藏开发效果等具有十分重要的意义。
本文以七个泉典型薄互层砂岩油藏为研究对象,针对油藏开发中存在的各种问题,从储层特征、流体渗流特征及油藏有效开发理论多个方面,开展了七个泉油藏有效注水开发的系列研究,形成了适应低渗透薄互层砂岩油藏的注水开发模式,取得了以下成果：
1)根据油提供的各种静态地质测试资料及研究成果,结合试油试采等动态资料,开展储层特征精细认识研究,重新认识了油砂体空间展布规律,储层孔、渗物性分布规律,流体分布规律；
2)利用油田提供的储层岩心和流体参数,开展了流体渗流启动压力梯度实验研究,获得了渗流启动压力梯度和流度之间的关系表达式,并根据油藏注水开发可能达到的条件,确定了油藏能够有效开发的极限注采井距,评价了目前开发井网的适应性,分析了目前开发井网下适宜的压裂规模；
3)开展了油田水驱开发规律研究及目前开发效果评价,评价了油田目前开发形势；
4)对油田有效增产措施进行了分析,总结了适合七个泉油田的工艺措施；
5)提出了以分层系开发、井网加密、适度压裂改造、补孔挖潜及储层保护为主要内容的配套开发调整技术对策。
Low permeability and thin alternation reservoir is an important energy resource, which has specific geologic characteristics and dynamic development features. The vertical layer of the reservoir distributes widely in the plan area, but is alternative and thin. And the reservoir with bad physical property, low reserves abundance, low natural deliverability, short valid period of regular fracturing always has such development features as high injection pressure, poor injection effect, rapid rising water-cut, generally low recovery. So, to increase oil production rate and recovery and improve the development effects, an effective developing method of this kind of reservoir has great significance.
In view of a variety of issues exposed in the development progress of the Qigequan typical low permeability and thin alternation reservoir, based on reservoir conditions, seeping features, effective developing theory, the study of effective water injection development has been evolved, and the effective model adapted to the Qigequan reservoir has been established, the research results are as follows:
1) On the basis of static geological research and test data,combined with the dynamic test data, the study of fine reservoir characteristics has been evolved, and the new understanding of the spatial distribution of oil sands, reservoir porosity and permeability properties and liquid has been carried out.
2)Based on the parameters of reservoir cores and fluids, the experimental study of seepage threshold pressure gradient has been evolved, and the relational expression between seepage threshold pressure gradient and fluidity has been obtained. Under the waterflood development conditions,the limiting injector producer distance and the adaptability of current well network has been evaluated, and also the fracturing scale under current development pattern has been analized.
3)The regular waterflood pattern and the current development effectiveness has been evaluated, and the development situation at present also has been studied.
4) The effective stimulation treatment for the Qigequan oil field has been summarized. 5) With the main content of separated layer water flooding,well pattern thickening, moderate fracturing, perforations adding and reservoir protection, a system of development technical countermeasures has been formed.
本文以七个泉典型薄互层砂岩油藏为研究对象,针对油藏开发中存在的各种问题,从储层特征、流体渗流特征及油藏有效开发理论多个方面,开展了七个泉油藏有效注水开发的系列研究,形成了适应低渗透薄互层砂岩油藏的注水开发模式,取得了以下成果：
1)根据油提供的各种静态地质测试资料及研究成果,结合试油试采等动态资料,开展储层特征精细认识研究,重新认识了油砂体空间展布规律,储层孔、渗物性分布规律,流体分布规律；
2)利用油田提供的储层岩心和流体参数,开展了流体渗流启动压力梯度实验研究,获得了渗流启动压力梯度和流度之间的关系表达式,并根据油藏注水开发可能达到的条件,确定了油藏能够有效开发的极限注采井距,评价了目前开发井网的适应性,分析了目前开发井网下适宜的压裂规模；
3)开展了油田水驱开发规律研究及目前开发效果评价,评价了油田目前开发形势；
4)对油田有效增产措施进行了分析,总结了适合七个泉油田的工艺措施；
5)提出了以分层系开发、井网加密、适度压裂改造、补孔挖潜及储层保护为主要内容的配套开发调整技术对策。
Low permeability and thin alternation reservoir is an important energy resource, which has specific geologic characteristics and dynamic development features. The vertical layer of the reservoir distributes widely in the plan area, but is alternative and thin. And the reservoir with bad physical property, low reserves abundance, low natural deliverability, short valid period of regular fracturing always has such development features as high injection pressure, poor injection effect, rapid rising water-cut, generally low recovery. So, to increase oil production rate and recovery and improve the development effects, an effective developing method of this kind of reservoir has great significance.
In view of a variety of issues exposed in the development progress of the Qigequan typical low permeability and thin alternation reservoir, based on reservoir conditions, seeping features, effective developing theory, the study of effective water injection development has been evolved, and the effective model adapted to the Qigequan reservoir has been established, the research results are as follows:
1) On the basis of static geological research and test data,combined with the dynamic test data, the study of fine reservoir characteristics has been evolved, and the new understanding of the spatial distribution of oil sands, reservoir porosity and permeability properties and liquid has been carried out.
2)Based on the parameters of reservoir cores and fluids, the experimental study of seepage threshold pressure gradient has been evolved, and the relational expression between seepage threshold pressure gradient and fluidity has been obtained. Under the waterflood development conditions,the limiting injector producer distance and the adaptability of current well network has been evaluated, and also the fracturing scale under current development pattern has been analized.
3)The regular waterflood pattern and the current development effectiveness has been evaluated, and the development situation at present also has been studied.
4) The effective stimulation treatment for the Qigequan oil field has been summarized. 5) With the main content of separated layer water flooding,well pattern thickening, moderate fracturing, perforations adding and reservoir protection, a system of development technical countermeasures has been formed.
引文
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[25]秦同洛.对低渗透油田开发的几点意见[M].中国石油天然气总公司石油勘探开发研究院科技论文集(油田开发工程),石油工业出版社,1996：118-139.
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[33]Tingxue Jiang,XUgang Wang.A New Comprehensive Hydraulic Fracturing Technology To Minimize Formation Damage In Low Permeability Reservoirs.SPE8222.
[34]M.Nikravesh.Prediction of Formation Damage During Fluid Injection into Fractured,Low Permeability Reservoirs via Neural Networks.SPE31103.
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[2]Y Chang,Q.Xu,and W.Tang.Economic Development of "Three low"Oil Reswrves.SPE 93522.
[3]苏海芳编.国内外低渗透油田开发技术调研[M].胜利油田2003年低渗透油藏开发技术座谈会,2003：1-5.
[4]王文环.提高薄互层低渗透砂岩油藏采收率的有效开发技术[J].石油与天然气地质.2006,10,5(27)：660-667.
[5]王子娥.滩坝砂薄互层特低渗透油藏有效动用技术[J].中国科技信息.2009,5,10：93-94.
[6]尚根华.低渗透非线性渗流规律研究[D].中国科学院渗流流体力学研究所,2004.6：20-25.
[7]黄延章等.低渗透油层渗流机理[M].北京,石油工业出版社,1998：65-83.
[8]阎庆来等.低渗透油层渗流机理研究.低渗透油田开发技术.北京,石油工业出版社,1994.
[9]徐运亭等.低渗透油藏渗流机理研究与应用[M].北京,石油工业出版社,2006：1-3.
[10]阎庆来.单相均质液体低速渗流机理及流动规律.第二界全国流体力学学术会议论文集[M].北京,科学出版社,1983：113-118.
[11]邓英尔,刘慈群.启动压力梯度对低渗透油田注水开发的影响-低渗透油气田开发与实践(续一)[M].北京：石油工业出版社,1999.35-39.
[12]Lixingxun, Wang zhengde, Du wenjun, Effective Development of a Low permeabilityReservoir Achieved:A Case Study.SPE 50915.
[13]房宝财.窄薄砂体油藏开发调整技术[M].石油工业出版社.2004：208-223.
[14]李彦芳,曲淑琴等著.松辽盆地三角洲与油气.北京：石油工业出版社,1993：305-313.
[15]随军,吕晓光等著.大庆油田河流-三角洲储层研究.北京：石油工业出版社.2000：281-331.
[16]刘丁曾,王启民,李伯虎.大庆多层砂岩油田开发.北京：石油工业出版社,1996：241-279.
[17]Yuting Xu.An Integrated Study of Mature low Permeability Reservoir in Daqing, Oilfield China. SPE114199.
[18]孙志刚.低渗透砂岩储层启动压力及水驱油效率影响因素实验研究[D]西北大学,2005,5：47-64
[19]加内什C.萨克尔等.油田注水开发综合管理(中文修订版)[M].北京,石油工业出版社,2001：1-3.
[20]Wang Zhizhong, Zhang Xuyuan。DEVELOPMENT BY WATERFLOODING OF MAXI DEEP RESERVOIR WITH LOW.SPE 14844.
[21]汪嘉联.扶余油田西区应用周期注水改善高含水期油田注水开发效果实例[M].北京,石油工业出版社,1993：32-39.
[22]李忠荣等.大庆长垣南部油田周期注水改善高含水期油田注水开发效果实例[M].北京,石油工业出版社,1993：23-26.
[23]黄炳光、唐海等.水驱开发难易程度评价指标体系与评价方法[J].西南石油学院学报,1999,4：12-18.
[24]李道品.低渗透油田开发概论[J].大庆石油地质与开发,1997,16(3)：23-28.
[25]秦同洛.对低渗透油田开发的几点意见[M].中国石油天然气总公司石油勘探开发研究院科技论文集(油田开发工程),石油工业出版社,1996：118-139.
[26]肖曾利,蒲春生等.低渗砂岩油藏压力敏感性实验[J].断块油气田,2008,15(2)：47-48.
[27]赵伦,范子菲,宋珩.提高低渗碳酸盐岩储集层动用程度技术[J].石油勘探与开发.2009,36 (4)：13-18.
[28]苏小军.辽河油田沈67断块薄互层砂岩油藏描述及剩余油分布研究[D]中国地质大学.2008.4：1-50.
[29]刘泽荣等著,油藏描述原理与方法技术.北京：石油工业出版社,1993：11-32.
[30]王家华,张团峰著.油气储层随机建模.北京：石油工业出版社,2001：20-35.
[31]王家宏等.水平井调查研究[M].北京,石油工业出版社,1991：5-22.
[32]李道轩.薄互层低渗透油藏开发技术[M].中国石油大学出版社.2007：185-293.
[33]Tingxue Jiang,XUgang Wang.A New Comprehensive Hydraulic Fracturing Technology To Minimize Formation Damage In Low Permeability Reservoirs.SPE8222.
[34]M.Nikravesh.Prediction of Formation Damage During Fluid Injection into Fractured,Low Permeability Reservoirs via Neural Networks.SPE31103.
[35]Wu Zhiyu, Changqing. Evaluation of Horizontal Well Development in Ansai Extra Low Permeability Oilfield. SPE 50895.
[36]E.Sayapov.Application of Horizontal Wells with Multiple Hydraulic Fractures for the Development of Low Permeability Oil Reservoir in Western Siberia. IPTC13395.
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