镇泾地区延长组长8段有利储集相带研究
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摘要
鄂尔多斯盆地镇泾地区中生界长8段储层是目前研究的主要层段,也是实现百万吨产能建设的主力层段。自2008年镇泾5井区投入开发以来,已在多处长81亚段地层中,钻获高产油气流,从而直接促使了红河16～红河105井区勘探开发一体化实验区的建立,使得镇泾油田长8油层组的勘探开发局面焕然一新。然而,虽然镇泾地区长8油层组取得了重大突破,但是距离百万吨产能目标还有较大的差距,尤其是高产主控因素尚不清晰,有利储集相带的空间展布规律难以确定。所以,探讨有利储集相带形成的控制要素,分析其空间分布规律,对区块的进一步产能建设有着重要的现实意义。
本论文以岩芯、薄片、粒度分析等第一性资料为基础,总结镇泾地区长8段沉积相特征；以成因地层分析原理为指导来建立目的层段的等时地层格架；以测井资料为基础刻画镇泾地区长8段储层的砂体展布特征,总结其沉积模式。研究认为,镇泾地区长8段地层主要发育辫状河三角洲沉积体系,分流河道砂体十分发育,是整个三角洲环境的骨架砂体,其走向和大小决定着三角洲的形态和规模,河口坝砂体分布于河道砂体的两翼和底部,规模相对较小,整个三角洲呈“树枝状”向湖盆中心伸展。
研究区储层具有岩性细、成分成熟度低、物性差等特征。孔隙度平均9.5%,渗透率平均0.233×10-3μm2,且储层孔喉结构复杂,孔隙分选较差；喉道类型属于中-偏细喉,平均喉道半径0.45μm,但是局部发育的裂缝在较大程度上改善了储层的产出能力。以毛细管压力法为主,综合多种其它方法对储层下限进行研究后认为,该区长8油层组储层物性下限为：孔隙度6%,渗透率0.12×10-3μm2,并以物性参数和孔喉结构参数为基础,将储层分为四类。
本文以日产油量数据为基础,结合产油率指标,对镇泾地区长8段产层进行了综合评价,并将其分作五类。总体来说,该地区长8段储层具有低渗、低构造幅度、低含油丰度的特点,油层油水同出,没有纯油层或水层。
本文确定了以实测物性资料为基础,通过计算孔渗相关系数判断微裂缝发育情况的裂缝识别方法,并根据相关系数高低,将储层分为孔隙型、孔隙裂缝型和裂缝型三种。由于没有裂缝影响,孔隙型储层基本上反映了储层基块部分的物性特征,可以作为建立含油性模型的分析样本；而裂缝型和孔隙-裂缝型储层则可以作为建立裂缝发育储层渗透性模型的分析样本,从而为测井解释模型的建立提供了基础。
通过深入剖析目的层段泥浆侵入机理,引入泥浆侵入饱和度差ΔSmf——冲刷带与侵入带所含泥浆饱和度之差,作为判断储层渗流能力的主要指标。研究发现：ΔSmf<0则指示储层裂缝发育且基块物性较好；ΔSmf∈[0,1]则指示裂缝不发育；△Smf>1则指示裂缝发育且基块物性较差。以此为基础,利用电阻率测井资料建立了储层渗透率模型；并建立了以ΔSmf指标的储层致密程度判别体系,将ΔSmf>0.6视为强烈胶结的特征,从而为利用测井参数识别胶结程度提供依据。
以泥浆侵入模型为基础,通过对比不同产能的产层所表现出来的电性特征,本文确定了镇泾地区长8段储层的油水层识别方法：以长8,亚段或邻近层段稳定厚层泥岩为标准,将深、中、浅三条电阻率曲线相应平移,使其重合,然后对比砂岩层段处三条曲线的相对位置,从而总结出6种组合类型,分别指示不同类型的产能特征,其中RXO单井产能进行了定量预测。
本文以试油数据为基础,从沉积、构造、成岩、储层等多方面入手分析不同产能级别储层的异同点,归纳镇泾地区长8段有利储集相带形成的主控因素。研究认为：沉积作用、构造作用、裂缝发育程度、成岩作用、储层非均质性、储层物性、含油性及相渗特征均对有利储集相带的形成起重要影响。其中沉积作用控制着储层砂体的宏观展布及原始物性特征,影响着储层的非均质性与成岩作用的发育部位及程度；构造作用控制着储层内部的油气丰度；裂缝改善了储层物性,是本地区高产必要因素之一；而胶结作用降低了储层渗流能力,是成岩圈闭形成的主控条件。
为了实现对有利储集相带空间展布的预测,本文对影响有利储集相带形成的各主控因素的空间展布特征进行了分析。研究认为：由于受右旋挤压应力的影响,镇泾地区挤压褶皱整体呈雁列状形态展布,在空间上分布规律明显；裂缝在空间上的发育部位具有两点特征,一是所发育地层多相对致密,二是发育于构造变形强烈的位置,多与褶皱伴生；钙质胶结层段的发育与沉积相带关系密切,边缘相带和河道“转弯”处,钙质胶结相对发育。
研究认为,镇泾地区主要存在三种圈闭类型：构造圈闭、岩性构造圈闭和成岩圈闭,其中构造圈闭主要由于褶皱的发育而形成；岩性-构造圈闭主要发育于河道向单斜上倾方向弯曲的部位；而岩性圈闭主要是依靠局部强烈胶结带对油气运移的封堵,胶结带一般发育于河道弯度较大,多期水道叠加的部位。
在上述研究工作的基础上,本文对长81亚段的有利储集相带展布进行了预测,并依照其开发前景划定了五处待选区块,为勘探开发服务。
The Chang 8 Member is not only an important formation we study now, but also the mian production zone to achieve the aim of output of one million tons of crude oil per year in Mesozoic of Zhenjing Block, Ordos Basin. Since 2008 Zhenjing 5 well area has been put into development, high production oil and gas has been obtained in the Chang 8 Member in various locations. Thereby, it directly promotes that the HH16～HH105 well area exploration and development integrated experimental area was established, and takes exploration and development in Chang 8 Member a new look. Nevertheless, although a major breakthrough has been achieved in Chang 8 Member, there is a large distance from the target of output of one million tons per year, especially, the key controlling factors on high production of lower permeability reservoir are not clear, and it is difficult to determine distribution of favorable reservoir facies.
Firstly, the sedimentary features of Chang 8 Member have been studied on the basis of core, petrographic thin section and grain size data. The framework of stratum has been established by the guide of systematically genetic stratigraphic analysis. And then, the distribution features of sandstone and depositional model have been studied by the use of logging data. It would be found that it is a set of braided river delta with distribution channel developed, which is the key sandstone reservoir and its trend and size determined the shape and scale of it in Chang 8 Member. It located in the both sides and the bottom of distribution channel for the mouse bar of smaller scale. The delta extended to the basin with a branch shape like tree.
It has features of fine grain size, lower compositional maturity, lower porosity (about 9.5%) and permeability (about 0.233×10-3μm2), and complex pore structure (middle-fine pore throat type, and bad pore throat sorting) for sandstone reservoir of Chang 8 Member in target block. Nevertheless, since fracture was developed in reservoir of Chang 8 Member, it has been improved in the production capability of reservoir to a large extent.
After lower threshold of reservoir of Chang 8 Member has been studied by Comprehensive use of capillary pressure curve and other data, it is considers that porosity is about 6%, and permeability is about 0.233×10-3μm2. Therefore, the reservoir can be divided into the fore types on the basis of porosity, permeability and parameters of pore throat.
This paper makes a integrating evaluation for production zoon of Chang 8 Member, and divided into the five production types on the basis of oil output data, and in combination of indictor of oil output rate. Overall, it has features of lower permeability, lower structure relief and lower reserves abundance. All the wells product both water and oil without pure oil layer or water layer.
This paper develops a method to identify fracture by use of correlation coefficient calculated between porosity and permeability on the basis core data. Three types reservoir has been divided for pore, pore-fracture and fracture types by correlation coefficient. The pore type reservoir can be reflected by porosity and permeability of matrix of rock because it is not effected by fracture, and the samples from the pore type reservoir can be used to build oil saturation model. The samples from the pore-fracture and fracture type reservoir can be used to build permeability logging interpretation model.
Through analysis of the machenism of mud invasion, this paper has introduced an new index—saturation difference of mud (ASmf), which is the difference between the mud saturation of intermedient invasion zone and the invasion deeper zone. The result shows that the reservoir has great reservoir parameters and developed fractures whenΔSmf∈[0,1], it indicates that there is no fractures developed. WhenASmf<0, it indicates that fractures are developed,porosity and permeability of matrix of rock are better. WhenASmf>1, it indicates that fractures are developed, porosity and permeability of matrix of rock are poor. The permeability model has been established by the use resistivity logging data on the basis of above understanding. A indicator systems identifying tight degree of reservoir have been established byΔSmf. If ASmf> 0.6 has been considered as indicator of tight reservoir, it will give a proof to identify cement degree by logging.
This paper determined the method of distinguishing oil and water reservoir. Three curves of Rd, Rs and Rxo respectively should be moved to the same position at the thick mud interval, and then, the relatiive position of these curves in sandstone interval indicates the production feature of reservoir. For instance, RXO This paper researched the differences between the good and bad reservoir, as well as the main controlling factors of the formation of favorable reservoir in Chang 8 section, Zhenjing region, through some aspects, such as sediment, structure, diagenesis and reservoir, on the base of formation testing data. The research found that sedimentation, structure, fracture, diagenesis, reservoir, heterogeneity, oil-abundance and relative permeability have obvious influence to the formation of favorable reservoir facies. Sedimentation determined the distribution of sandstone and the original reservoir parameters, at the same time, it influents the location where diagenesis occurred as well as its scale. Structure controlled the oil-abundance of reservoir. Fracture is one of the most important factors which influent the formation of favorable reservoir facies, attribute to its contribution in improving the reservoir parameters. On one hand, sedimentation reduced the reservoir parameters, on the other hand, it played a significant role in the formation of diagenesis trap, because it is resistant to the migration of oil and gas.
In order to predict the location of favorable reservoir facies, this paper studied the distribution of the main controlling factors. The result showed that the folts present en echelon in the target region. Fractures always occurred in two locations, one is the place where occurred dense formation, the other is the area where the structural deformed greatly. calcite cementing belts always occurred at the place where the channel change direction.
This paper considers that there are three kinds of trap in Zhenjing block, they are structural trap, lithological trap and diagenesis trap. Main type of structural trap is anticline fold, while lithology-structure strap occurred in the place where channel turned to the up dip direction of the monocline.
On the basis of former research, this paper indicated the distribution of favorable reservoir facies, and defined five potential targets.
本论文以岩芯、薄片、粒度分析等第一性资料为基础,总结镇泾地区长8段沉积相特征；以成因地层分析原理为指导来建立目的层段的等时地层格架；以测井资料为基础刻画镇泾地区长8段储层的砂体展布特征,总结其沉积模式。研究认为,镇泾地区长8段地层主要发育辫状河三角洲沉积体系,分流河道砂体十分发育,是整个三角洲环境的骨架砂体,其走向和大小决定着三角洲的形态和规模,河口坝砂体分布于河道砂体的两翼和底部,规模相对较小,整个三角洲呈“树枝状”向湖盆中心伸展。
研究区储层具有岩性细、成分成熟度低、物性差等特征。孔隙度平均9.5%,渗透率平均0.233×10-3μm2,且储层孔喉结构复杂,孔隙分选较差；喉道类型属于中-偏细喉,平均喉道半径0.45μm,但是局部发育的裂缝在较大程度上改善了储层的产出能力。以毛细管压力法为主,综合多种其它方法对储层下限进行研究后认为,该区长8油层组储层物性下限为：孔隙度6%,渗透率0.12×10-3μm2,并以物性参数和孔喉结构参数为基础,将储层分为四类。
本文以日产油量数据为基础,结合产油率指标,对镇泾地区长8段产层进行了综合评价,并将其分作五类。总体来说,该地区长8段储层具有低渗、低构造幅度、低含油丰度的特点,油层油水同出,没有纯油层或水层。
本文确定了以实测物性资料为基础,通过计算孔渗相关系数判断微裂缝发育情况的裂缝识别方法,并根据相关系数高低,将储层分为孔隙型、孔隙裂缝型和裂缝型三种。由于没有裂缝影响,孔隙型储层基本上反映了储层基块部分的物性特征,可以作为建立含油性模型的分析样本；而裂缝型和孔隙-裂缝型储层则可以作为建立裂缝发育储层渗透性模型的分析样本,从而为测井解释模型的建立提供了基础。
通过深入剖析目的层段泥浆侵入机理,引入泥浆侵入饱和度差ΔSmf——冲刷带与侵入带所含泥浆饱和度之差,作为判断储层渗流能力的主要指标。研究发现：ΔSmf<0则指示储层裂缝发育且基块物性较好；ΔSmf∈[0,1]则指示裂缝不发育；△Smf>1则指示裂缝发育且基块物性较差。以此为基础,利用电阻率测井资料建立了储层渗透率模型；并建立了以ΔSmf指标的储层致密程度判别体系,将ΔSmf>0.6视为强烈胶结的特征,从而为利用测井参数识别胶结程度提供依据。
以泥浆侵入模型为基础,通过对比不同产能的产层所表现出来的电性特征,本文确定了镇泾地区长8段储层的油水层识别方法：以长8,亚段或邻近层段稳定厚层泥岩为标准,将深、中、浅三条电阻率曲线相应平移,使其重合,然后对比砂岩层段处三条曲线的相对位置,从而总结出6种组合类型,分别指示不同类型的产能特征,其中RXO
本文以试油数据为基础,从沉积、构造、成岩、储层等多方面入手分析不同产能级别储层的异同点,归纳镇泾地区长8段有利储集相带形成的主控因素。研究认为：沉积作用、构造作用、裂缝发育程度、成岩作用、储层非均质性、储层物性、含油性及相渗特征均对有利储集相带的形成起重要影响。其中沉积作用控制着储层砂体的宏观展布及原始物性特征,影响着储层的非均质性与成岩作用的发育部位及程度；构造作用控制着储层内部的油气丰度；裂缝改善了储层物性,是本地区高产必要因素之一；而胶结作用降低了储层渗流能力,是成岩圈闭形成的主控条件。
为了实现对有利储集相带空间展布的预测,本文对影响有利储集相带形成的各主控因素的空间展布特征进行了分析。研究认为：由于受右旋挤压应力的影响,镇泾地区挤压褶皱整体呈雁列状形态展布,在空间上分布规律明显；裂缝在空间上的发育部位具有两点特征,一是所发育地层多相对致密,二是发育于构造变形强烈的位置,多与褶皱伴生；钙质胶结层段的发育与沉积相带关系密切,边缘相带和河道“转弯”处,钙质胶结相对发育。
研究认为,镇泾地区主要存在三种圈闭类型：构造圈闭、岩性构造圈闭和成岩圈闭,其中构造圈闭主要由于褶皱的发育而形成；岩性-构造圈闭主要发育于河道向单斜上倾方向弯曲的部位；而岩性圈闭主要是依靠局部强烈胶结带对油气运移的封堵,胶结带一般发育于河道弯度较大,多期水道叠加的部位。
在上述研究工作的基础上,本文对长81亚段的有利储集相带展布进行了预测,并依照其开发前景划定了五处待选区块,为勘探开发服务。
The Chang 8 Member is not only an important formation we study now, but also the mian production zone to achieve the aim of output of one million tons of crude oil per year in Mesozoic of Zhenjing Block, Ordos Basin. Since 2008 Zhenjing 5 well area has been put into development, high production oil and gas has been obtained in the Chang 8 Member in various locations. Thereby, it directly promotes that the HH16～HH105 well area exploration and development integrated experimental area was established, and takes exploration and development in Chang 8 Member a new look. Nevertheless, although a major breakthrough has been achieved in Chang 8 Member, there is a large distance from the target of output of one million tons per year, especially, the key controlling factors on high production of lower permeability reservoir are not clear, and it is difficult to determine distribution of favorable reservoir facies.
Firstly, the sedimentary features of Chang 8 Member have been studied on the basis of core, petrographic thin section and grain size data. The framework of stratum has been established by the guide of systematically genetic stratigraphic analysis. And then, the distribution features of sandstone and depositional model have been studied by the use of logging data. It would be found that it is a set of braided river delta with distribution channel developed, which is the key sandstone reservoir and its trend and size determined the shape and scale of it in Chang 8 Member. It located in the both sides and the bottom of distribution channel for the mouse bar of smaller scale. The delta extended to the basin with a branch shape like tree.
It has features of fine grain size, lower compositional maturity, lower porosity (about 9.5%) and permeability (about 0.233×10-3μm2), and complex pore structure (middle-fine pore throat type, and bad pore throat sorting) for sandstone reservoir of Chang 8 Member in target block. Nevertheless, since fracture was developed in reservoir of Chang 8 Member, it has been improved in the production capability of reservoir to a large extent.
After lower threshold of reservoir of Chang 8 Member has been studied by Comprehensive use of capillary pressure curve and other data, it is considers that porosity is about 6%, and permeability is about 0.233×10-3μm2. Therefore, the reservoir can be divided into the fore types on the basis of porosity, permeability and parameters of pore throat.
This paper makes a integrating evaluation for production zoon of Chang 8 Member, and divided into the five production types on the basis of oil output data, and in combination of indictor of oil output rate. Overall, it has features of lower permeability, lower structure relief and lower reserves abundance. All the wells product both water and oil without pure oil layer or water layer.
This paper develops a method to identify fracture by use of correlation coefficient calculated between porosity and permeability on the basis core data. Three types reservoir has been divided for pore, pore-fracture and fracture types by correlation coefficient. The pore type reservoir can be reflected by porosity and permeability of matrix of rock because it is not effected by fracture, and the samples from the pore type reservoir can be used to build oil saturation model. The samples from the pore-fracture and fracture type reservoir can be used to build permeability logging interpretation model.
Through analysis of the machenism of mud invasion, this paper has introduced an new index—saturation difference of mud (ASmf), which is the difference between the mud saturation of intermedient invasion zone and the invasion deeper zone. The result shows that the reservoir has great reservoir parameters and developed fractures whenΔSmf∈[0,1], it indicates that there is no fractures developed. WhenASmf<0, it indicates that fractures are developed,porosity and permeability of matrix of rock are better. WhenASmf>1, it indicates that fractures are developed, porosity and permeability of matrix of rock are poor. The permeability model has been established by the use resistivity logging data on the basis of above understanding. A indicator systems identifying tight degree of reservoir have been established byΔSmf. If ASmf> 0.6 has been considered as indicator of tight reservoir, it will give a proof to identify cement degree by logging.
This paper determined the method of distinguishing oil and water reservoir. Three curves of Rd, Rs and Rxo respectively should be moved to the same position at the thick mud interval, and then, the relatiive position of these curves in sandstone interval indicates the production feature of reservoir. For instance, RXO
In order to predict the location of favorable reservoir facies, this paper studied the distribution of the main controlling factors. The result showed that the folts present en echelon in the target region. Fractures always occurred in two locations, one is the place where occurred dense formation, the other is the area where the structural deformed greatly. calcite cementing belts always occurred at the place where the channel change direction.
This paper considers that there are three kinds of trap in Zhenjing block, they are structural trap, lithological trap and diagenesis trap. Main type of structural trap is anticline fold, while lithology-structure strap occurred in the place where channel turned to the up dip direction of the monocline.
On the basis of former research, this paper indicated the distribution of favorable reservoir facies, and defined five potential targets.
引文
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