长庆低渗透油田五里湾一区井网渗透场研究
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摘要
由于低渗透油藏生产井都要压裂才投产,所以渗流场与中高渗透油藏会有所不同,本文针对长庆靖安油田五里湾一区三种井网的渗流场进行了平板可视化物理模拟研究和数值模拟研究。通过对低渗透油藏井网渗流场的研究,明确了剩余油的分布规律和形成机理,为后期生产调整提供了参考。本文首先从常用的井网模拟单元出发,根据多井干扰理论,利用镜像反映法和势的叠加原理进行论证,得到了本文使用的物理模拟单元,进行平板可视化物理模拟研究,然后又利用数值模拟技术模拟了三种井网的水驱波及规律并同未压裂井网进行了比较研究。通过本文的研究得到以下结论：
1.注水井附近为径向流,注入水呈圆形向前推进,当水驱前缘到达裂缝后,注入水沿裂缝窜进,生产井很快见水,见水后含水率快速上升,模拟过程中可以观察到水驱前缘在裂缝两侧产生明显的分离现象。
2.注水井井底附近压力很高,形成圆形的倒压力漏斗,生产井附近则形成椭圆形的压降漏斗,对于反九点井网来说,边井处的压降漏斗比角井更加明显,而且在生产井连线方向会产生低压条带。
3.裂缝附近流线发生弯曲,向裂缝集中,流体先流入裂缝而后沿裂缝进入生产井内,在远离注水井和生产井的位置处流线比较稀疏,水动力不足,此处往往都会形成大量的未被波及的剩余油。数模研究结果表明,区块综合含水70%时,各种井网的面积波及系数分别为：矩形井网——62.74%,菱形反九点井网——67.88%,正方形反九点井网——68.42%。
Due to the production Wells in low permeability reservoir are required fractured, the seepage field is different with higher permeability reservoir. This paper conducted physical simulation and numerical simulation for three networks of Wuliwan no.1 field. Through the research of the seepage field of low permeability reservoir, we get the law of the distribution and formation mechanism of the residual oil, what offer references for the later production adjustment. By theory of multi-well interference and means of image theory and potential superposition principle, this paper gets three units for three well-nets, and then flat panel visual simulation is carried. After that we carry through numerical simulation. Through this study we get the following conclusions:
1.It is radial flow near the injection wells in the low permeability reservoir, and the waterflood front is fan-shaped forwarding. When the waterflood front get to the fracture of production well, the injection water breakthrough along the fracture. Sooner the production well produces water, and the FWCT rapidly increase. In the process of simulation, we can see that the waterflood front on both sides of the fracture produces significant separation.
2. Bottom hole pressure near the injection wells is very high, and there will be got an inverted pressure drop funnel. Bottom hole pressure near the production wells is very low, and there will be got a pressure drop funnel. For the inverted nine-spot pattern, pressure drop funnel of the brim wells is more obvious than corner wells' And there will get low pressure at the direction of the connection of production wells.
3. The streamlines occurred change near the fractures, and they concentrate to the fracture, the fluid flow into the fracture and then along the fracture into the production well. The streamlines is sparse away from the injection wells and production wells, where will tend to form large not swept remaining oil for lack of hydrodynamic. The results of numerical simulation show that when the FWCT is 70%, the Rectangular pattern's areal sweep efficiency is 62.74%, the Diamond-shape inverted nine-spot pattern's areal sweep efficiency is 67.88%, and the Square-shape inverted nine-spot pattern's areal sweep efficiency is 68.42%.
1.注水井附近为径向流,注入水呈圆形向前推进,当水驱前缘到达裂缝后,注入水沿裂缝窜进,生产井很快见水,见水后含水率快速上升,模拟过程中可以观察到水驱前缘在裂缝两侧产生明显的分离现象。
2.注水井井底附近压力很高,形成圆形的倒压力漏斗,生产井附近则形成椭圆形的压降漏斗,对于反九点井网来说,边井处的压降漏斗比角井更加明显,而且在生产井连线方向会产生低压条带。
3.裂缝附近流线发生弯曲,向裂缝集中,流体先流入裂缝而后沿裂缝进入生产井内,在远离注水井和生产井的位置处流线比较稀疏,水动力不足,此处往往都会形成大量的未被波及的剩余油。数模研究结果表明,区块综合含水70%时,各种井网的面积波及系数分别为：矩形井网——62.74%,菱形反九点井网——67.88%,正方形反九点井网——68.42%。
Due to the production Wells in low permeability reservoir are required fractured, the seepage field is different with higher permeability reservoir. This paper conducted physical simulation and numerical simulation for three networks of Wuliwan no.1 field. Through the research of the seepage field of low permeability reservoir, we get the law of the distribution and formation mechanism of the residual oil, what offer references for the later production adjustment. By theory of multi-well interference and means of image theory and potential superposition principle, this paper gets three units for three well-nets, and then flat panel visual simulation is carried. After that we carry through numerical simulation. Through this study we get the following conclusions:
1.It is radial flow near the injection wells in the low permeability reservoir, and the waterflood front is fan-shaped forwarding. When the waterflood front get to the fracture of production well, the injection water breakthrough along the fracture. Sooner the production well produces water, and the FWCT rapidly increase. In the process of simulation, we can see that the waterflood front on both sides of the fracture produces significant separation.
2. Bottom hole pressure near the injection wells is very high, and there will be got an inverted pressure drop funnel. Bottom hole pressure near the production wells is very low, and there will be got a pressure drop funnel. For the inverted nine-spot pattern, pressure drop funnel of the brim wells is more obvious than corner wells' And there will get low pressure at the direction of the connection of production wells.
3. The streamlines occurred change near the fractures, and they concentrate to the fracture, the fluid flow into the fracture and then along the fracture into the production well. The streamlines is sparse away from the injection wells and production wells, where will tend to form large not swept remaining oil for lack of hydrodynamic. The results of numerical simulation show that when the FWCT is 70%, the Rectangular pattern's areal sweep efficiency is 62.74%, the Diamond-shape inverted nine-spot pattern's areal sweep efficiency is 67.88%, and the Square-shape inverted nine-spot pattern's areal sweep efficiency is 68.42%.
引文
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[3]李道品.低渗透油田开发[M].北京：石油工业出版社,1999：37-40
[4]Muskat M. The Flow of Homogeneous Fluids Through Porous Media. [M]. Michigan:j.W.Edwards.Inc.,1946
[5]齐与峰.砂岩油田注水开发合理井网研究中的几个理论问题[J].石油学报,1990,11(4：)51-60
[6]李道品.低渗透砂岩油田开发[M].北京：石油工业出版社,1997：189-191
[7]郎兆新.水平井与直井联合开采问题——五点法面积井网[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1993,17(6)：50-55
[8]江汉桥,姚军,姜瑞忠等.油藏工程原理与方法[M].石油大学出版社2000：20-24
[9]P.T.法兹雷耶夫.油田面积注水[M].北京,石油工业出版社,1989：51-53
[10]彭昱强,涂彬,魏俊之等.油气田开发井网研究综述[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2002,21(6)：22-25
[11]Stephen A.Holditch, James W.Jennings. The optimization of well spacing and fracture length in low permeability gas reservoirs. SPE:7496
[12]Wang Fengjiang, Ding Yunhong, Lu Yong. A study of refracturing in low permeability reservoirs. SPE:50912
[13]Warren, J.E., Root, P.J..The behavior of naturally fractured reservoirs[J].J.Soc.Petrol.Eng,1963, (3):245-255
[14]Snow, D.T.. Anisotropic permeability of fractured media[J]. Water Resources Research,1969,5(6):1273-1289
[15]孙卫,曲志浩,李劲峰.安塞特低渗透油田见水后的水驱油机理及开发效果分析[J].石油实验地质,1999,21(3)：256-259
[16]裘怿楠,刘雨芬等编著.低渗透砂岩油藏开发模式[M].北京：石油工业出版社,1999
[17]黄延章等.低渗透油层渗流机理[M]北京：石油工业出版社,1998
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[19]张旭东,崔锐锐.低渗透油藏水力压裂裂缝与井网组合优化研究[J].石油天然气学报,2008,30(4)：124-127
[20]付国民,刘云焕,宁占强.裂缝性特低渗透储层注水开发井网的优化设计[J].石油天然气学报,2006,28(2)：94-96
[21]侯建峰.安塞特低渗透油藏合理开发井网系统研究[J].石油勘探与开发,2000,27(1)：72-75
[22]邱光东.老君庙M层低渗透砂岩油藏[M].北京：石油工业出版社,1996
[23]毕研斌,刑洪斌.低渗透油气田研究与实践(续一)：低渗透油田合理注采井网系统研究[M].北京：石油工业出版社,1999
[24]钟德康,李伯虎.朝阳沟油田注采系统调整效果[J].石油勘探与开发,1998,25(5)：53-56
[25]胡文瑞等.安塞特低渗透油田开发实践.低渗透油田开发技术[M].北京：石油工业出版社,1994
[26]张广杰,武若霞.改善新民裂缝性砂岩油藏注水波及体积研究[J].石油勘探与开发,1998,25(3)：72-75
[27]张智源,陈焕杰.非均质油藏矢量井网部署方法研究[J].内蒙古石油化工2006,(12)：165-167
[28]赵春森,翟云芳,曹乐陶等.水平井五点法矩形井网的产能计算及其优化[J].大庆石油学院学报,2000,24(3)：23-25
[29]鲜成钢,程浩,郎兆新等.低渗透油田井网模式研究[J].石油大学学报,1999,23(2)：51-54
[30]R.E.Waston, I.H.Siberberg. Model studies of the inverted nine-spot injection pattern.SPE:874
[31]K.H.Coats. Simulation of 1/8 five-/nine-spot pattern. SPE:10915
[32]O.K.Kimbler, B.H.Caudle. Areal sweepout behavior in a nine-spot injection pattern. SPE:784
[33]王俊魁,王书礼.三种常用面积注水井网的比较与选择[J].大庆石油地质与开发,1994,13(1)：35-38.
[34]周锡生,李艳华,徐启.低渗透油藏井网合理加密方式研究[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2000,19(5)：20-23
[35]王伟,蒲辉,殷代印等.低渗透油藏井网合理加密方式探讨[J].小型油气藏,2006,11(2)：33-34
[36]P.F. Lemon and H.J Patel. Effects of fracture and reservoir parameters on recovery from low permeability gas reservoir. SPE:5111
[37]闫宝珍,许卫,陈莉等.非均质渗透油藏井网模型选择[J].石油勘探与开发,1998,25(6)：51-53
[38]Muskat M.,Wyckoff R. A Theoretical Analysis of Water Flooding Networks[J].Petroleum Transactions,1934,107:62-76
[39]Muskat M. The Flow of Homogeneous Fluids through Porous Media [M]. New York:McGraw-Hill Book Company,1937
[40]Fay C.H.,Prats M. The Application of Numerical Method to Cycling and Flooding Problems [A].Proceedings of the 3rd World Petroleum Congress[C],1951
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