基于ABAQUS流固耦合理论的库岸滑坡稳定性分析
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摘要
我国是一个地质灾害较多的国家,其中滑坡灾害占有较大比例。尤其是随着我国水利建设的大力兴建,时常有库岸滑坡发生失稳,对社会和人民造成严重威胁。水的渗透会严重影响滑坡的稳定性。实际上,只要有水存在的地方,应立场和渗硫场就会相互影响、相互作用,处于一种复杂的动态变化过程中,构成流固耦合关系。
本论文通过对耦合作用进行实质性分析,得出应力场合渗透场相互作用的机理:一方面,应立场的改变会影响土体渗透系数,从而影响渗流场;另一方面,渗流场通过改变水荷载来影响应立场。根据岩土体骨架的平衡方程和虚功原理建立应力场平衡方程。根据地下水的连续方程和变分原理建立渗流场微分方程。
应力场平衡方程和渗流场微分方程共同组成流固耦合问题的控制方程组。该方程组通常为非线性方程组,论文借助国际大型有限元软件ABAQUS进行了滑坡体内流固耦合的计算,继而对滑坡稳定性作了定量评价。
滑体本构关系具有高度的非线性,数值计算中可采用Duncan-Chang本构模型来模拟。本文以ABAQUS有限元软件为开发平台,提出了Duncan-Chang本构模型的开发思路和实现步骤,完成了模块的编程,并且依据常规三轴试验数据对开发的程序进行了一系列严格验证。结果证明开发是成功的。
茅坪滑坡是清江隔河岩水库库区一个十分典型和重要的大型古滑坡体,具有多级、多期次的滑动特征。该滑坡一旦失稳,必将产生严重后果。论文对茅坪滑坡体地质特征及监测资料进行研究,对滑坡体的稳定性作了定性分析。另外,通过对滑坡的数值分析计算,对滑坡稳定可靠度作了定量分析。结果表明:在天然水位下,滑坡中的塑性区范围较有限,尚难危及滑坡的整体稳定,但滑坡后缘附近水力梯度较大,渗流力较大,使该位置局部出现了拉应力,导致滑坡后缘稳定性较差。当水位急剧上升时,在斜坡前缘和后缘都出现了塑性区,滑坡整体稳定性降低。尤其是滑坡前缘稳定性变差,有局部失稳的可能性。
本文的工作对滑坡稳定性分析、流固耦合分析具有积极作用,而且本文提出的模拟方法、求解技术和开发思路对水工结构和岩土工程及其他工程领域的数值仿真研究也具有广泛的借鉴意义。
There are some geological disastrous such as landslide in our country. Specially with the great scale of constructions for water resources, more and more landslides becomes unstable, which brings serious endanger to society and people. The reason is that when water permeates into landslides, it always weaken the stability of landslides. In fact, if there is any water, stress field and seepage field will affect each other, will be in a coupling dynamic drift situation and form a coupling relation.On the basis of material analysis to coupling effect, the author reachs the action mechanism between the stress field and the seepage field: first, the change of stress field can make influence to permeation parameter, then to the seepage field. Another, the seepage field can also make influence to stress field throw changing the water load. Based on balancing equation of framework of rock and soil and the principle of virtual work, the stress balancing equation can be acquired. Based on the continuity equation of ground water and the variation principle, the seepage differential equation can be acquired.The above two equations form the control equations which usually is a nonlinear equations. The dissertation computed the coupling problem of seepage and stress, and qualitive evaluate the stability of landslide.The upper part of landslide has high nonlinear character, we can use Duncan-Chang constitutive to simulate it. Choosing ABAQUS software as the high level development platform, the redevelopment procedures to add Duncan-Chang constitutive model were described and were compiled to codes. Some numerical verification were then examined strictly. According to the data of typical conventional triaxial compression tests, the verifications show that the redevelopment is successful.Maoping Landslide, one of the most typical and important large-scale recur landslide in the head-pond of Geheygan reservoir in Qingjiang River, has multilevel and repetitious sliding characters. Once the Maoping slope becomes instable, disastrous destroy can be caused. This dissertation analyses the geological characteristics and monitoring data of Maoping Landslide comprehensively, and make qualitive evaluation on the influence of water to landslide stability. In addition, according to the numerical calculation on landslides, the author make quantitative evaluation under two
situations: the natural reservoir water level and rapidly ascend reservoir water level. The simulating result indicates: for the first situation, the plastic zone is limited and can't endanger the stability of the slope. But there is a tension area, and the ground water surface is a convex surface towards the slope face and the gradient is high near the slope back edge. And when water level ascends higher, the plastic zone also present at shallow zone near the slope front and back edges. And the stability becomes worse, even at the front edge.All the schemes proposed in this thesis have strong utility to stability analysis and seepage-stress coupling analysis, and are cable of reference to numerical simulation research for geo-engineering, hydropower structures and other engineering fields.
本论文通过对耦合作用进行实质性分析,得出应力场合渗透场相互作用的机理:一方面,应立场的改变会影响土体渗透系数,从而影响渗流场;另一方面,渗流场通过改变水荷载来影响应立场。根据岩土体骨架的平衡方程和虚功原理建立应力场平衡方程。根据地下水的连续方程和变分原理建立渗流场微分方程。
应力场平衡方程和渗流场微分方程共同组成流固耦合问题的控制方程组。该方程组通常为非线性方程组,论文借助国际大型有限元软件ABAQUS进行了滑坡体内流固耦合的计算,继而对滑坡稳定性作了定量评价。
滑体本构关系具有高度的非线性,数值计算中可采用Duncan-Chang本构模型来模拟。本文以ABAQUS有限元软件为开发平台,提出了Duncan-Chang本构模型的开发思路和实现步骤,完成了模块的编程,并且依据常规三轴试验数据对开发的程序进行了一系列严格验证。结果证明开发是成功的。
茅坪滑坡是清江隔河岩水库库区一个十分典型和重要的大型古滑坡体,具有多级、多期次的滑动特征。该滑坡一旦失稳,必将产生严重后果。论文对茅坪滑坡体地质特征及监测资料进行研究,对滑坡体的稳定性作了定性分析。另外,通过对滑坡的数值分析计算,对滑坡稳定可靠度作了定量分析。结果表明:在天然水位下,滑坡中的塑性区范围较有限,尚难危及滑坡的整体稳定,但滑坡后缘附近水力梯度较大,渗流力较大,使该位置局部出现了拉应力,导致滑坡后缘稳定性较差。当水位急剧上升时,在斜坡前缘和后缘都出现了塑性区,滑坡整体稳定性降低。尤其是滑坡前缘稳定性变差,有局部失稳的可能性。
本文的工作对滑坡稳定性分析、流固耦合分析具有积极作用,而且本文提出的模拟方法、求解技术和开发思路对水工结构和岩土工程及其他工程领域的数值仿真研究也具有广泛的借鉴意义。
There are some geological disastrous such as landslide in our country. Specially with the great scale of constructions for water resources, more and more landslides becomes unstable, which brings serious endanger to society and people. The reason is that when water permeates into landslides, it always weaken the stability of landslides. In fact, if there is any water, stress field and seepage field will affect each other, will be in a coupling dynamic drift situation and form a coupling relation.On the basis of material analysis to coupling effect, the author reachs the action mechanism between the stress field and the seepage field: first, the change of stress field can make influence to permeation parameter, then to the seepage field. Another, the seepage field can also make influence to stress field throw changing the water load. Based on balancing equation of framework of rock and soil and the principle of virtual work, the stress balancing equation can be acquired. Based on the continuity equation of ground water and the variation principle, the seepage differential equation can be acquired.The above two equations form the control equations which usually is a nonlinear equations. The dissertation computed the coupling problem of seepage and stress, and qualitive evaluate the stability of landslide.The upper part of landslide has high nonlinear character, we can use Duncan-Chang constitutive to simulate it. Choosing ABAQUS software as the high level development platform, the redevelopment procedures to add Duncan-Chang constitutive model were described and were compiled to codes. Some numerical verification were then examined strictly. According to the data of typical conventional triaxial compression tests, the verifications show that the redevelopment is successful.Maoping Landslide, one of the most typical and important large-scale recur landslide in the head-pond of Geheygan reservoir in Qingjiang River, has multilevel and repetitious sliding characters. Once the Maoping slope becomes instable, disastrous destroy can be caused. This dissertation analyses the geological characteristics and monitoring data of Maoping Landslide comprehensively, and make qualitive evaluation on the influence of water to landslide stability. In addition, according to the numerical calculation on landslides, the author make quantitative evaluation under two
situations: the natural reservoir water level and rapidly ascend reservoir water level. The simulating result indicates: for the first situation, the plastic zone is limited and can't endanger the stability of the slope. But there is a tension area, and the ground water surface is a convex surface towards the slope face and the gradient is high near the slope back edge. And when water level ascends higher, the plastic zone also present at shallow zone near the slope front and back edges. And the stability becomes worse, even at the front edge.All the schemes proposed in this thesis have strong utility to stability analysis and seepage-stress coupling analysis, and are cable of reference to numerical simulation research for geo-engineering, hydropower structures and other engineering fields.
引文
[1] 晏同珍.水文工程地质与环境保护[M].湖北:中国地质大学出版社,1994
[2] 李智毅等.工程地质学基础[M].湖北:中国地质大学出版社,1990
[3] 肖柏,于学馥.边坡稳定性的计算方法及发展方向[J].矿山技术,1989,(5):13-16
[4] 夏元友.边坡稳定性研究的综述与展望[J].金属矿山,1995,12:9-12
[5] 黄春娥,龚晓南.条分法与有限元法相结合分析渗流作用下的基坑边坡稳定性[J].水利学报,2001(3):6-10
[6] 毛昶熙.渗流计算分析与控制[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1990
[7] 毛昶熙,李吉庆,段祥宝.渗流作用下土坡圆弧滑动有限元计算[J].岩土工程学报,2001,23(6):746-752
[8] 程心恕,杨晓贞.基于非稳定渗流有限元的坝坡稳定分析[J].福州大学学报(自然科学版),2002,6(3):362-366
[9] 陈祖煜.关于“渗流作用下土坡圆弧滑动有限元计算”的讨论之一[J].岩土工程学报,2002,(3):394-396
[10] 陈立宏,李广信.关于“渗流作用下土坡圆弧滑动有限元计算”的讨论之二—兼论边坡稳定分析中的渗透力[J].岩土工程学报,2002,(3):396-397]
[11] 美国ABAQUS Inc.庄茁 主译 朱以文 肖金生 张帆 蔡元奇 翻译.ABAQUS有限元软件6.4版本[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[12] 祁庆和.水工结构物[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1986
[13] 沈珠江.用有限单元法计算软土地基的固结变形[J].水利水运科技情报,1977,(1):7-23
[14] 陈平,张有天.裂隙岩体渗流与应力耦合分析[M].岩石力学与工程学报,1994,13(4):299-308
[15] 王媛.多孔介质渗流与应力的耦合计算方法[M].工程勘查,1995(2):33-37
[16] 柴军瑞.均质土坝渗流场与应力场耦合分析的数学模型[M].陕西水利发电,1997,13(3):4-7
[17] 耿克勤、吴水平.拱坝和坝肩岩体的力学和渗流的耦合分析实例[M].岩石力学与工程学报,1997,16(2):125-131
[18] 高海鹰.裂隙岩体渗流场与应力场耦合分析方法[M].云南农业大学学报,1997,12(2):137-142
[19] 曾海容,宋惠珍.地下流体场与应力场耦合方程的有限单元法[M]. 石油勘探与开发,1998,25(4):90-92
[20] 王晓鸿,仵彦卿.渗流场-应力场耦合分析[J].勘察科学技术,1998(4):3-6]
[21] 陈庆中、冯星梅.应力场,渗流场和流场耦合系统定边值定初值问题的变分原理[M].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(5):550-553
[22] 刘建军、耿万东.地下水渗流的流固耦合理论及数值方法[J].勘察科学技术.2000(4):7-10
[23] 沈振中.三峡大坝坝基粘弹性应力场与渗流场耦合分析[M].工程力学,2000,17(1):105-113
[24] 陈波、李宁等.多孔介质的变形场-渗流场-温度场耦合有限元分析[M].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(4):467-472
[25] 杨林德、杨志锡.各向异性饱和土体的渗流耦合分析和数值模拟[J].岩石力学与工程学报.2002,21(10):1447-1451
[26] 李培超、孔祥言、卢德唐.饱和多孔介质流固耦合渗流的数学模型[M].水动力学研究与进展A辑,2003,18(4):419-426
[27] 杨明举.地下水封裸洞储存LPG耦合问题的变份原理及应用[M].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(4):515-520
[28] 徐曾和,徐小荷.广义平面应力条件下径向渗流的液固耦合[J].地质力学学报.1999,5(3):12-16
[29] Braja M. Das. Principles of Geotechnical Engineering[M], Boston: PWS Publishers, 1985
[30] 徐次达,华伯洁.固体力学有限元理论、方法及程序[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1983
[31] 毛昶熙.渗流计算分析与控制(第二版)[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社.2003
[32] 龚晓南.土工计算机分析.北京:中国建筑工业出版社.2000
[33] 杜延龄,许国安.渗流分析的有限元法和电网络法[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1992.
[34] 徐芝纶.弹性力学(第三版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1990
[35] 张彬,王钊,彭亚明等.土本构模型研究的现状及展望[J].桂林工学院学报,2003,23(3):274-278
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[40] 朱思哲,刘虔,包承纲等.三轴试验原理与应用技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2003
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[42] 参考历年地质监测报告
[2] 李智毅等.工程地质学基础[M].湖北:中国地质大学出版社,1990
[3] 肖柏,于学馥.边坡稳定性的计算方法及发展方向[J].矿山技术,1989,(5):13-16
[4] 夏元友.边坡稳定性研究的综述与展望[J].金属矿山,1995,12:9-12
[5] 黄春娥,龚晓南.条分法与有限元法相结合分析渗流作用下的基坑边坡稳定性[J].水利学报,2001(3):6-10
[6] 毛昶熙.渗流计算分析与控制[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1990
[7] 毛昶熙,李吉庆,段祥宝.渗流作用下土坡圆弧滑动有限元计算[J].岩土工程学报,2001,23(6):746-752
[8] 程心恕,杨晓贞.基于非稳定渗流有限元的坝坡稳定分析[J].福州大学学报(自然科学版),2002,6(3):362-366
[9] 陈祖煜.关于“渗流作用下土坡圆弧滑动有限元计算”的讨论之一[J].岩土工程学报,2002,(3):394-396
[10] 陈立宏,李广信.关于“渗流作用下土坡圆弧滑动有限元计算”的讨论之二—兼论边坡稳定分析中的渗透力[J].岩土工程学报,2002,(3):396-397]
[11] 美国ABAQUS Inc.庄茁 主译 朱以文 肖金生 张帆 蔡元奇 翻译.ABAQUS有限元软件6.4版本[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[12] 祁庆和.水工结构物[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1986
[13] 沈珠江.用有限单元法计算软土地基的固结变形[J].水利水运科技情报,1977,(1):7-23
[14] 陈平,张有天.裂隙岩体渗流与应力耦合分析[M].岩石力学与工程学报,1994,13(4):299-308
[15] 王媛.多孔介质渗流与应力的耦合计算方法[M].工程勘查,1995(2):33-37
[16] 柴军瑞.均质土坝渗流场与应力场耦合分析的数学模型[M].陕西水利发电,1997,13(3):4-7
[17] 耿克勤、吴水平.拱坝和坝肩岩体的力学和渗流的耦合分析实例[M].岩石力学与工程学报,1997,16(2):125-131
[18] 高海鹰.裂隙岩体渗流场与应力场耦合分析方法[M].云南农业大学学报,1997,12(2):137-142
[19] 曾海容,宋惠珍.地下流体场与应力场耦合方程的有限单元法[M]. 石油勘探与开发,1998,25(4):90-92
[20] 王晓鸿,仵彦卿.渗流场-应力场耦合分析[J].勘察科学技术,1998(4):3-6]
[21] 陈庆中、冯星梅.应力场,渗流场和流场耦合系统定边值定初值问题的变分原理[M].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(5):550-553
[22] 刘建军、耿万东.地下水渗流的流固耦合理论及数值方法[J].勘察科学技术.2000(4):7-10
[23] 沈振中.三峡大坝坝基粘弹性应力场与渗流场耦合分析[M].工程力学,2000,17(1):105-113
[24] 陈波、李宁等.多孔介质的变形场-渗流场-温度场耦合有限元分析[M].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(4):467-472
[25] 杨林德、杨志锡.各向异性饱和土体的渗流耦合分析和数值模拟[J].岩石力学与工程学报.2002,21(10):1447-1451
[26] 李培超、孔祥言、卢德唐.饱和多孔介质流固耦合渗流的数学模型[M].水动力学研究与进展A辑,2003,18(4):419-426
[27] 杨明举.地下水封裸洞储存LPG耦合问题的变份原理及应用[M].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(4):515-520
[28] 徐曾和,徐小荷.广义平面应力条件下径向渗流的液固耦合[J].地质力学学报.1999,5(3):12-16
[29] Braja M. Das. Principles of Geotechnical Engineering[M], Boston: PWS Publishers, 1985
[30] 徐次达,华伯洁.固体力学有限元理论、方法及程序[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1983
[31] 毛昶熙.渗流计算分析与控制(第二版)[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社.2003
[32] 龚晓南.土工计算机分析.北京:中国建筑工业出版社.2000
[33] 杜延龄,许国安.渗流分析的有限元法和电网络法[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1992.
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