注浆结石体耐久性试验及评估理论研究
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摘要
随着地下工程的快速发展和注浆材料的大量使用,注浆材料的耐久性及其评估理论的研究已经成为当前该领域的研究热点和核心之一。提高注浆材料的耐久性能,加强注浆帷幕的加固与防渗功能,可以为地下工程结构提供一道抵抗侵蚀的屏障,从根本上保障地下工程结构的安全运营,延长结构的服役期限,这不仅具有重要的社会经济意义,也具有重大的现实工程价值。
承蒙国家863高科技项目(2007AA11Z134)“地下工程承压地下水防治与控制技术研究”基金的资助,本文以青岛胶州湾海底隧道为工程背景,在广泛收集并分析国内外研究成果的基础上,深入研究了水泥类注浆材料的固结原理和结石体强度的影响因素,分析总结了注浆材料的侵蚀因素和破坏机理,对注浆材料的耐久性进行了试验研究,对其服役寿命进行了预测和评估。本文所做的主要研究工作如下：
(1)阐述了水泥类注浆材料的水化固结原理,包括纯水泥浆液、水泥水玻璃浆液、水泥粘土浆液、粘土固化浆液等。分析了水泥浆液结石体的组成和结构,得到了影响水泥结石体孔隙大小分布的因素。通过总结水泥基注浆材料孔隙结构与强度关系的理论,得到了改善硬化浆体的微观结构和孔隙结构的途径,从而达到获得高性能注浆浆液的目的。
(2)分析总结了注浆材料分别在地下水溶蚀、碱集料反应、冻融循环、碳酸侵蚀、一般酸类侵蚀、硫酸盐侵蚀、镁盐侵蚀和海水侵蚀的作用下,注浆材料的侵蚀破坏机理。
(3)通过对注浆材料的室内试验,采用正交试验理论,运用概率统计的方法,研究各种浆液成分对浆液结石体强度的影响,得出各时期最佳强度的配方方案。并通过试样分别在淡水和海水下的浸泡试验,比较了试样在两种情况下强度的变化过程,得到了海水对试样的腐蚀规律。
(4)阐述了应用酸碱度测试的方法评估注浆材料使用寿命的基本原理,提出了注浆材料使用寿命预测的模型和预测公式,建立了浆液结石体使用寿命的评估程序和评估标准。利用注浆结石体酸碱度评估预测方法的基本原理,采用低pH值酸溶液来加速水泥基注浆材料的腐蚀,得到了常温状态酸雨环境下注浆材料的力学性质劣化规律,预测了注浆材料的使用寿命。
(5)以普通水泥、超细水泥、硫铝酸盐水泥等主要的注浆材料为研究对象,进行了抗海水侵蚀的耐久性试验研究。选择注浆材料抗硫酸盐侵蚀、抗海水渗透、抗氯离子侵蚀及体积稳定性作为影响因素,采用层次分析法确定各因素的权重,应用多重因素影响的模糊综合评定理论评价注浆材料的耐久性能。
(6)使用灰色系统理论分析了注浆材料在海水侵蚀环境下无侧限抗压强度和材料的水胶比、龄期、海水浓度、硅粉含量、粉煤灰含量、矿粉含量等因素的关系,并预测了各种不同注浆材料的使用寿命。
With the rapid development of underground engineering and the wide use of grouting materials, research on the durability of grouting materials and evaluation theory become the hot spot and core research in this area. Improving the durability of grouting materials and strengthening the reinforcement and anti-seepage are of not only important social and economic significance, but also great realistic engineering value. Durable grouting curtain provided for the underground engineering structure will not only ensure the safety of operation, but also extend its service life.
Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program863and engineering project of the Qingdao Jiaozhou Bay subsea tunnel, the paper widely collects and analyzes research achievements at home and abroad. Moreover, the paper analyzes and summarizes the grouting material erosion factors and failure mechanism by researching on consolidation principle of cement grouting materials and influence factors of grouting stone strength. On the basis of durability test on grouting materials, the paper predicts and evaluates their service life, and then makes a special design for subsea tunnel grouting of the Qingdao Jiaozhou Bay. The main works are as followed:
(1)Hydrition and consolidation theories of cement grouting materials such as cement slurry, cement water glass grout, cement clay grout and clay solidified slurry are elaborated. Composition and structure of cement grout stone is analysed and factors effecting cement grout stone pore distribution is obtained. Through summarizing the pore structure and strength theory of cement base grouting material, approaches to improve the hardened slurry microcosmic structure and pore structure are obtained. So the purpose of high-performance grout is also obtained.
(2) Erosion and damage mechanism of grouting materials in all kinds of corrosive environments is summarized, such as ground water dissolution, Alkali aggregate reaction, freeze-thaw cycle, carbonic acid erosion, general acid erosion, sulfate erosion, magnesium salt erosion and seawater erosion.
(3) Through the laboratory test of grouting material, the influence of various slurry compositions on slurry stone strength is researched and the best strength formulation solution in every periods is obtained by using orthogonal test theory and probability and statistics methods in the paper. Through the specimen soaking test respectively in fresh and sea water, the difference of sample strength development situation in both cases is compared and the corrosion rule of seawater on the sample is obtained.
(4) The basic principle of service life assessment of grouting materials with pH value test method is clarified and the macro life prediction model is founded. The service life assessment procedures and evaluation standard of slurry calculi body are established in this paper. Grouting material's deteriorating law of mechanics properties on normal acid rain conditions are obtained by accelerating corrosion test on cement base grouting material in low pH value acidic environment. Through using the basic principle of pH value testing, the paper is able to forecast the service life of cement grouting materials.
(5)Taking ordinary cement, the superfine cement and sulfur aluminum acid salt cement grouting materials as the research object, experimental research on the durability of the anti-seawater erosion is done. Choosing grouting material resistance to erosion and seawater resistance sulphate penetration, anti-chloride ion erosion and volume stability as influencing factors, the paper determines the weights of various factors by using analytic hierarchy process and evaluates the grouting material performance with multiple factors fuzzy comprehensive evaluation theory.
(6)The relationship between unconfined compressive strength and water-cement ratio of materials, ages, seawater concentration, silicon powder content, fly ash content, slag content under sea erodes environment by using grey system theory is analysed and service life of different grouting materials is predicted.
承蒙国家863高科技项目(2007AA11Z134)“地下工程承压地下水防治与控制技术研究”基金的资助,本文以青岛胶州湾海底隧道为工程背景,在广泛收集并分析国内外研究成果的基础上,深入研究了水泥类注浆材料的固结原理和结石体强度的影响因素,分析总结了注浆材料的侵蚀因素和破坏机理,对注浆材料的耐久性进行了试验研究,对其服役寿命进行了预测和评估。本文所做的主要研究工作如下：
(1)阐述了水泥类注浆材料的水化固结原理,包括纯水泥浆液、水泥水玻璃浆液、水泥粘土浆液、粘土固化浆液等。分析了水泥浆液结石体的组成和结构,得到了影响水泥结石体孔隙大小分布的因素。通过总结水泥基注浆材料孔隙结构与强度关系的理论,得到了改善硬化浆体的微观结构和孔隙结构的途径,从而达到获得高性能注浆浆液的目的。
(2)分析总结了注浆材料分别在地下水溶蚀、碱集料反应、冻融循环、碳酸侵蚀、一般酸类侵蚀、硫酸盐侵蚀、镁盐侵蚀和海水侵蚀的作用下,注浆材料的侵蚀破坏机理。
(3)通过对注浆材料的室内试验,采用正交试验理论,运用概率统计的方法,研究各种浆液成分对浆液结石体强度的影响,得出各时期最佳强度的配方方案。并通过试样分别在淡水和海水下的浸泡试验,比较了试样在两种情况下强度的变化过程,得到了海水对试样的腐蚀规律。
(4)阐述了应用酸碱度测试的方法评估注浆材料使用寿命的基本原理,提出了注浆材料使用寿命预测的模型和预测公式,建立了浆液结石体使用寿命的评估程序和评估标准。利用注浆结石体酸碱度评估预测方法的基本原理,采用低pH值酸溶液来加速水泥基注浆材料的腐蚀,得到了常温状态酸雨环境下注浆材料的力学性质劣化规律,预测了注浆材料的使用寿命。
(5)以普通水泥、超细水泥、硫铝酸盐水泥等主要的注浆材料为研究对象,进行了抗海水侵蚀的耐久性试验研究。选择注浆材料抗硫酸盐侵蚀、抗海水渗透、抗氯离子侵蚀及体积稳定性作为影响因素,采用层次分析法确定各因素的权重,应用多重因素影响的模糊综合评定理论评价注浆材料的耐久性能。
(6)使用灰色系统理论分析了注浆材料在海水侵蚀环境下无侧限抗压强度和材料的水胶比、龄期、海水浓度、硅粉含量、粉煤灰含量、矿粉含量等因素的关系,并预测了各种不同注浆材料的使用寿命。
With the rapid development of underground engineering and the wide use of grouting materials, research on the durability of grouting materials and evaluation theory become the hot spot and core research in this area. Improving the durability of grouting materials and strengthening the reinforcement and anti-seepage are of not only important social and economic significance, but also great realistic engineering value. Durable grouting curtain provided for the underground engineering structure will not only ensure the safety of operation, but also extend its service life.
Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program863and engineering project of the Qingdao Jiaozhou Bay subsea tunnel, the paper widely collects and analyzes research achievements at home and abroad. Moreover, the paper analyzes and summarizes the grouting material erosion factors and failure mechanism by researching on consolidation principle of cement grouting materials and influence factors of grouting stone strength. On the basis of durability test on grouting materials, the paper predicts and evaluates their service life, and then makes a special design for subsea tunnel grouting of the Qingdao Jiaozhou Bay. The main works are as followed:
(1)Hydrition and consolidation theories of cement grouting materials such as cement slurry, cement water glass grout, cement clay grout and clay solidified slurry are elaborated. Composition and structure of cement grout stone is analysed and factors effecting cement grout stone pore distribution is obtained. Through summarizing the pore structure and strength theory of cement base grouting material, approaches to improve the hardened slurry microcosmic structure and pore structure are obtained. So the purpose of high-performance grout is also obtained.
(2) Erosion and damage mechanism of grouting materials in all kinds of corrosive environments is summarized, such as ground water dissolution, Alkali aggregate reaction, freeze-thaw cycle, carbonic acid erosion, general acid erosion, sulfate erosion, magnesium salt erosion and seawater erosion.
(3) Through the laboratory test of grouting material, the influence of various slurry compositions on slurry stone strength is researched and the best strength formulation solution in every periods is obtained by using orthogonal test theory and probability and statistics methods in the paper. Through the specimen soaking test respectively in fresh and sea water, the difference of sample strength development situation in both cases is compared and the corrosion rule of seawater on the sample is obtained.
(4) The basic principle of service life assessment of grouting materials with pH value test method is clarified and the macro life prediction model is founded. The service life assessment procedures and evaluation standard of slurry calculi body are established in this paper. Grouting material's deteriorating law of mechanics properties on normal acid rain conditions are obtained by accelerating corrosion test on cement base grouting material in low pH value acidic environment. Through using the basic principle of pH value testing, the paper is able to forecast the service life of cement grouting materials.
(5)Taking ordinary cement, the superfine cement and sulfur aluminum acid salt cement grouting materials as the research object, experimental research on the durability of the anti-seawater erosion is done. Choosing grouting material resistance to erosion and seawater resistance sulphate penetration, anti-chloride ion erosion and volume stability as influencing factors, the paper determines the weights of various factors by using analytic hierarchy process and evaluates the grouting material performance with multiple factors fuzzy comprehensive evaluation theory.
(6)The relationship between unconfined compressive strength and water-cement ratio of materials, ages, seawater concentration, silicon powder content, fly ash content, slag content under sea erodes environment by using grey system theory is analysed and service life of different grouting materials is predicted.
引文
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