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聚乙烯醇系低密度脂蛋白吸附剂及螯合树脂研究
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摘要
聚乙烯醇是一种亲水性强、毒性低、生物相容性好的合成高分子材料,其分子链上存在大量可进行功能基化反应的亲水性羟基。我们以生物相容性好的聚乙烯醇(PVA)为基质,引入不同的功能基,从而得到性质与功能不同的吸附剂。希望通过此研究为以聚乙烯醇为基质的吸附剂的应用开辟新的途径。
     通过醋酸乙烯酯和异氰脲酸三烯丙酯悬浮聚合,再经醇解反应得到大孔交联聚乙烯醇树脂,对树脂在水中的溶胀度和饱和吸水量进行测定。结果表明:大孔交联聚乙烯醇是一类亲水性树脂。
     对大孔交联聚乙烯醇树脂进行环氧化反应,用分子链长不同的胺进行功能基化,再通过在亲水表面引入阴离子基团,制备两种新型的聚阴离子型低密度脂蛋白吸附剂。考察了功能基化反应的规律,以静态吸附方法测定了聚乙烯醇树脂结构、功能基性质和交换量等因素对血浆脂蛋白成分吸附性能的影响规律。结果表明:(1)随着聚乙烯醇交联度的增加,吸附剂对低密度脂蛋白的吸附选择性降低;(2)提高功能基的酸性和交换量有利于提高吸附剂对血浆低密度脂蛋白的吸附容量和吸附选择性,进一步证实了该吸附剂上低密度脂蛋白的吸附与静电相互作用有关。研究证实以大孔交联聚乙烯醇为基质的两种吸附剂对低密度脂蛋白具有较高的吸附量和较好的吸附选择性,可望用于建立安全、有效的治疗高脂血症和家族性高胆固醇血症的血液灌流治疗方法。
     将交联聚乙烯醇树脂与二乙烯三胺五乙酸酐(DEPAA)反应,得
    
    到了含有胺基梭酸结构的鳌合树脂PVA一Dl二PAA。以静态吸附方法从
    树脂结构、吸附时间、吸附温度等方面初步研究了该赘合树脂对部分
    重金属离子的吸附一脱附规律。吸附结果表明:以大孔交联聚乙烯醇
    为基质的胺基梭酸鳌合树脂对不同半径、不同价态的重金属离子有较
    好的吸附能力,被吸附的金属离子可用适当洗脱剂洗脱回收。因此,
    该类树脂在污染控制方面具有应用前景,在去除生化产品中重金属离
    子的领域中也有应用价值。
Poly(vinyl alcohol) (shorted as PVA) is one of the strongly hydrophilic, low toxic and bio-compatible artificial macromolecular materials. There are many hydrophilic hydroxyl groups in the molecular chains of PVA, which can be functionalized variously. The aim of this paper is to obtain some PVA-based polymeric adsorbents with various functions via introduction of various functional groups, and develop some new applications of PVA.
    Macroporous crosslinked PVA resins were synthesized with the ester exchange reaction of methanol and macroporous crosslinked poly(vinyl acetate) beads, which were prepared by suspension co-polymerization of vinyl acetate and triallyl isocyanurate. The high swelling ratio in water and high moisture retention of the resins indicated that the synthesized macroporous crosslinked PVA resins were strongly hydrophilic.
    Two types of macroporous crosslinked PVA-based polyanion adsorbents were prepared by epoxidizing PVA resins, and aminating the epoxidized resins, and then reacting with chlorosulfonlc acid or taurine. The effects of porous structures of the PVA matrix, properties of functional groups, and amount of functional groups on the adsorption properties of polyanion adsorbents were investigated. The following conclusions were experimentally revealed: (l)The adsorption selectivity of polyanion adsorbents for low density lipoproteins decreases with the
    
    
    
    increase in crosslinking degree of the initial PVA resins; (2)Stronger acidity and larger amount of the functional groups of the polyanion adsorbents lead to higher adsorption capacity and adsorption selectivity for low density lipoproteins(shorted as LDL). The results of adsorption indicate that the two types of polyanion adsorbents have good adsorption properties and adsorption capacities for LDL. The macroporous crosslinked PVA-based polyanion adsorbents could be applied in the facet of treating patients with severe hypercholesterolaemia or homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia.
    The aminocarboxylic acid chelating resins were prepared through the reaction of diethylenetriaminpentacetic acid (shorted as DEPAA) and macroporous crosslinked PVA. The effects of porous structures of the PVA supports, adsorption time, and adsorption temperature on the adsorption and desorption properties of chelating resins for different heavy metallic ions were investigated. The results of adsorption indicate that the chelating resins have good adsorption and desorption properties for heavy metallic ions. The macroporous crosslinked PVA-based aminocarboxylic acid chelating resins could be applied to the facet of controlling pollution and removing heavy metal ions in biological process.
引文
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