燃油加油机的自动检定系统设计与实现
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摘要
本文提出了一种利用传感器技术和单片机技术的燃油加油机自动检定系统的设计与实现，该系统利用内嵌铂电阻温度计的磁致伸缩液位传感器自动采集进入标准金属量器内油品的液位高度及温度值，其输出模拟信号通过单片机进行信号处理转变为数字信号，并通过单片机程序中容量计算模型及温度补偿修正模型计算得到实际温度下标准金属量器的实际油品容量，并与燃油加油机示值相比较，计算得到燃油加油机的示值误差。该系统在原始法燃油加油机检定装置的基础上，进行了精心的设计改造。在磁致伸缩液位传感器内部镶嵌有两只铂电阻温度计，其测量范围内线性好、分辨率可达0.01%FS、准确度等级高、稳定性极佳。通过对标准金属量器的结构改造，使标准金属量器与磁致伸缩液位传感器有效稳定的结合。同时，该系统为满足实际户外工作使用，对其整体结构采取了相应的隔爆保温措施，并设计了轻巧简便的数据采集器作为信号接收端，该数据采集器通过硬件的合理搭配及软件的设计，做到了菜单人性化，功能实用化。该系统的计量性能试验主要通过实验室校准及比对方式进行，通过实验室更高一级计量标准的量值溯源，其长度、温度、容量计量指标得到了可靠的校准。整套系统的计量性能验证是通过与稳定的计量标准进行量值比对的方式进行，以确认其系统整体不确定度。通过理论计算及实验室校准，确认燃油加油机的自动检定系统整体不确定度优于0.05%，可以开展准确度等级为0.3%的燃油加油机的计量检定工作，同时其结构及操控性能完全符合实际工作需要。该系统能够在燃油加油机的检定领域发挥重大作用，有效降低工作人员劳动强度，提高工作效率。
Fuel dispensers is the most important measuring instruments in the refined oilcirculation trade settlement, it’s level of accuracy as high as0.3%.In order to ensurethe accurate metering of oil, fuel dispensers verification work is particularlyimportant. The domestic institution of metrological technology adopted staticvolumetric method of fuel dispensers verification indication error, namely thestandard metal measurer for fuel dispensers verification standard device. Standardmetal tank standard device for the original method capacity measurement standards,accuracy is high, the maximum permissible error less than0.05%. Standard metaltank capacity calculation depends mainly on the measurement of cervical liquid leveland standard metal tank temperature, the measurement of liquid level andtemperature value of neck measurement by manual reading measurement neck scaleand a thermometer manner, caused by human factors and verification workunreliable, inaccurate. In order to solve this problem, be badly in need of a higherdegree of automation of the fuel dispenser verification device design and creation.This paper proposes the use of a sensor and MCU technology fuel to cheer machineautomatic test system design and implementation, the system uses embeddedplatinum resistance thermometer of magnetostrictive liquid level sensor in automaticacquisition of standard metal tank oil level height and temperature value, the outputof the analog signal by SCM signal is converted to a digital signal, and the throughthe MCU program capacity calculation model and temperature compensationcalculated actual temperature standard metal tank oil capacity, and with a fueldispensers indication is compared, the calculated error of indication of fuel fillingmachine.
The system is mainly composed of standard metal tank, magnetostrictive liquidlevel sensor, a platinum resistance thermometer, data acquisition system, systemmaximum allowable error is less than0.05%. By calculation we choose100L two standard metal tank as the main standard, the maximum permissible error less than0.025%, far more than the fuel dispensers verification standard maximumpermissible error of0.05%requirements, at the same time, the structure design andmanufacture of full compliance with the fuel dispensers verification standardrequirements. Magnetostrictive liquid level sensor based on magnetostrictiveprinciple is the manufacture of high precision, long range linear, absolute positionmeasurement of liquid level sensor, the circuit is simple, with explosion-proofperformance, good environmental adaptability, reliability and stability, and the use ofnon-contact measurement methods, solve due to friction, wear caused by the lowservice life the problem, its design resolution up to0.1mm. Temperaturemeasurement using embedded in the magnetostrictive level meter level magneticscale two platinum resistance thermometer, accurate measurement refueling gun oiloutlet temperature and oil in the standard metal tank the temperature, the designpoints of the value of up to0.1degrees C, higher than0.2degrees C-valuerequirements. Through the signal transmission line level signals and temperaturesignals are output to the use of single chip microcomputer principle design of datacollector in the height of the liquid level and temperature signal acquisition andcalculation, the data collector power supply convenient manner, using12864LCD asa display interface, while the design of user-friendly interface, with the hostcomputer communication function, its compact and lightweight, the northeasternregion for outdoor use, a great convenience to the practical work.
The system of measuring performance testing by laboratory calibration andalignment, through laboratory of higher level measurement traceability, its length,temperature, volume measurement indicators to get a reliable calibration, themeasurement indicators can be traceable to national measurement standards, toensure that the use of various measuring instruments are reliable the traceabilitysystem. The whole measurement system performance verification through andstability of the measurement standards of value comparison manner, in accordancewith the relevant procedures on fuel gas automatic calibration system a comparison test, the results of data processing through En to confirm, and the whole system ofcomprehensive evaluation of the uncertainty of measurement to judge whether itsatisfies practical need.
The system through the data acquisition sensor output values of the correctionand calculation, mainly through the laboratory calibration on the level, thetemperature value, standard metal tank capacity value, zero measuring carotiddivision value to adjust and amend, ensuring that each sensor accuracy level andcomputational results are precise and reliable.
The system structure and signal processing design concept can also be furtherupgraded. The fuel filling machine of automatic verification system using sensorprocessing transformation, thermal insulation performance enhancement, to bubblefunction improvement, data collector can be further upgraded, the structure ofsystem and main measurement performance was perfect, form a completetechnology solutions and product evaluation program, and then through the newproduct type evaluation, to to make the system truly into the market product, makethe project in the oil fuel filling machine testing areas play a major role, reducing thelabor intensity of workers, improves the work efficiency.
Fuel dispensers is the most important measuring instruments in the refined oilcirculation trade settlement, it’s level of accuracy as high as0.3%.In order to ensurethe accurate metering of oil, fuel dispensers verification work is particularlyimportant. The domestic institution of metrological technology adopted staticvolumetric method of fuel dispensers verification indication error, namely thestandard metal measurer for fuel dispensers verification standard device. Standardmetal tank standard device for the original method capacity measurement standards,accuracy is high, the maximum permissible error less than0.05%. Standard metaltank capacity calculation depends mainly on the measurement of cervical liquid leveland standard metal tank temperature, the measurement of liquid level andtemperature value of neck measurement by manual reading measurement neck scaleand a thermometer manner, caused by human factors and verification workunreliable, inaccurate. In order to solve this problem, be badly in need of a higherdegree of automation of the fuel dispenser verification device design and creation.This paper proposes the use of a sensor and MCU technology fuel to cheer machineautomatic test system design and implementation, the system uses embeddedplatinum resistance thermometer of magnetostrictive liquid level sensor in automaticacquisition of standard metal tank oil level height and temperature value, the outputof the analog signal by SCM signal is converted to a digital signal, and the throughthe MCU program capacity calculation model and temperature compensationcalculated actual temperature standard metal tank oil capacity, and with a fueldispensers indication is compared, the calculated error of indication of fuel fillingmachine.
The system is mainly composed of standard metal tank, magnetostrictive liquidlevel sensor, a platinum resistance thermometer, data acquisition system, systemmaximum allowable error is less than0.05%. By calculation we choose100L two standard metal tank as the main standard, the maximum permissible error less than0.025%, far more than the fuel dispensers verification standard maximumpermissible error of0.05%requirements, at the same time, the structure design andmanufacture of full compliance with the fuel dispensers verification standardrequirements. Magnetostrictive liquid level sensor based on magnetostrictiveprinciple is the manufacture of high precision, long range linear, absolute positionmeasurement of liquid level sensor, the circuit is simple, with explosion-proofperformance, good environmental adaptability, reliability and stability, and the use ofnon-contact measurement methods, solve due to friction, wear caused by the lowservice life the problem, its design resolution up to0.1mm. Temperaturemeasurement using embedded in the magnetostrictive level meter level magneticscale two platinum resistance thermometer, accurate measurement refueling gun oiloutlet temperature and oil in the standard metal tank the temperature, the designpoints of the value of up to0.1degrees C, higher than0.2degrees C-valuerequirements. Through the signal transmission line level signals and temperaturesignals are output to the use of single chip microcomputer principle design of datacollector in the height of the liquid level and temperature signal acquisition andcalculation, the data collector power supply convenient manner, using12864LCD asa display interface, while the design of user-friendly interface, with the hostcomputer communication function, its compact and lightweight, the northeasternregion for outdoor use, a great convenience to the practical work.
The system of measuring performance testing by laboratory calibration andalignment, through laboratory of higher level measurement traceability, its length,temperature, volume measurement indicators to get a reliable calibration, themeasurement indicators can be traceable to national measurement standards, toensure that the use of various measuring instruments are reliable the traceabilitysystem. The whole measurement system performance verification through andstability of the measurement standards of value comparison manner, in accordancewith the relevant procedures on fuel gas automatic calibration system a comparison test, the results of data processing through En to confirm, and the whole system ofcomprehensive evaluation of the uncertainty of measurement to judge whether itsatisfies practical need.
The system through the data acquisition sensor output values of the correctionand calculation, mainly through the laboratory calibration on the level, thetemperature value, standard metal tank capacity value, zero measuring carotiddivision value to adjust and amend, ensuring that each sensor accuracy level andcomputational results are precise and reliable.
The system structure and signal processing design concept can also be furtherupgraded. The fuel filling machine of automatic verification system using sensorprocessing transformation, thermal insulation performance enhancement, to bubblefunction improvement, data collector can be further upgraded, the structure ofsystem and main measurement performance was perfect, form a completetechnology solutions and product evaluation program, and then through the newproduct type evaluation, to to make the system truly into the market product, makethe project in the oil fuel filling machine testing areas play a major role, reducing thelabor intensity of workers, improves the work efficiency.
引文
[1]中国计量科学研究院.标准金属量器检定规程[M].北京：中国计量出版社，2005.
[2]中国计量科学研究院.燃油加油机检定规程[M].北京：中国计量出版社，2006.
[3]中国计量测试学会.一级注册计量师基础知识及专业实务[M].北京：中国计量出版社，2009.
[4]倪育才.实用测量不确定度评定[M].北京：中国计量出版社，2004.
[5]国家质量技术监督局.测量不确定度评定与表示指南[M].北京：中国计量出版社，2000.
[6]张毅刚.单片机应用设计[M].黑龙江：哈尔滨工业大学出版社，1997.
[7]马忠梅.单片机的C语言应用程序设计[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1999.
[8]全国流量容量计量技术委员会.速度式流量计[M].北京：中国计量出版社，2008.
[9]刘子勇.容量计量[M].北京：中国计量出版社，2009.
[10]李吉林.温度计量[M].北京：中国计量出版社，2006.
[11]刘常满.温度测量与仪表维修问答[M].北京：中国计量出版社，2000.
[12]吉林省质量技术监督局.成品油计量与管理[M].吉林：吉林科学技术出版社，2003.
[13]国家质量监督检验检疫总局计量司.长度计量[M].北京：中国计量出版社，2007.
[14]刘畅生.传感器简明手册及应用电路--温度传感器分册(上)[M].陕西：西安电子科技大学出版社，2005.
[15]王焜煜.关于检定加油机用标准金属量器的保温措施必要性的讨论[J].西藏科技，2010（7）.
[15]丁华.加油机检定中应注意的问题[J].科学之友，2011（8）：15-16.
[16]王子钢.关于JJG443-2006《燃油加油机》检定规程若干问题的说明[J].中国计量，2009（4）.
[17]赵晶.油温对加油机检定结果的影响[J].中国计量，2009（7）.
[18]于曦,赵定远.单片机控制的数据采集与通信[J].自动化信息，2006(12).
[19]白泽生.用MCS-51单片机实现温度的检测[J].现代电子技术，2005(10).
[20]董晓友,白泽生,刘锐.基于MCS-51单片机实现温度的检测[J].延安大学学报(自然科学版)，2005(2).
[21] Dexter A.L.Self-tuning control algorithm for single-chip microcomputerimplementation.Control Theory and Applications. IEE Proceedings D Volume130,Issue5, Sep.1983:255-260.
[22] Ralf Niemann.Hardware/Software Co-design for Data Flow DominatedEmbedded Systems[M]. Kluwer Academic Publishers;1998:233-240.
[23] Study investigates compatibility of fuel dispenser materials with gasolinecontaining ethanol Sealing Technology, Volume2011, Issue4, April2011：3-4.
[24] Geoffrey Trimble, Kenneth Franc. Software portability for microcomputersOriginal Research[J].International Journal of Project Management,1985(2):6-12.
[25] Yanping Zhou. Research and Practice of Course Design on MicrocomputerPrinciple and Interface Technology.[J]. Procedia Engineering,2011(15):4211-4215.
[2]中国计量科学研究院.燃油加油机检定规程[M].北京：中国计量出版社，2006.
[3]中国计量测试学会.一级注册计量师基础知识及专业实务[M].北京：中国计量出版社，2009.
[4]倪育才.实用测量不确定度评定[M].北京：中国计量出版社，2004.
[5]国家质量技术监督局.测量不确定度评定与表示指南[M].北京：中国计量出版社，2000.
[6]张毅刚.单片机应用设计[M].黑龙江：哈尔滨工业大学出版社，1997.
[7]马忠梅.单片机的C语言应用程序设计[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1999.
[8]全国流量容量计量技术委员会.速度式流量计[M].北京：中国计量出版社，2008.
[9]刘子勇.容量计量[M].北京：中国计量出版社，2009.
[10]李吉林.温度计量[M].北京：中国计量出版社，2006.
[11]刘常满.温度测量与仪表维修问答[M].北京：中国计量出版社，2000.
[12]吉林省质量技术监督局.成品油计量与管理[M].吉林：吉林科学技术出版社，2003.
[13]国家质量监督检验检疫总局计量司.长度计量[M].北京：中国计量出版社，2007.
[14]刘畅生.传感器简明手册及应用电路--温度传感器分册(上)[M].陕西：西安电子科技大学出版社，2005.
[15]王焜煜.关于检定加油机用标准金属量器的保温措施必要性的讨论[J].西藏科技，2010（7）.
[15]丁华.加油机检定中应注意的问题[J].科学之友，2011（8）：15-16.
[16]王子钢.关于JJG443-2006《燃油加油机》检定规程若干问题的说明[J].中国计量，2009（4）.
[17]赵晶.油温对加油机检定结果的影响[J].中国计量，2009（7）.
[18]于曦,赵定远.单片机控制的数据采集与通信[J].自动化信息，2006(12).
[19]白泽生.用MCS-51单片机实现温度的检测[J].现代电子技术，2005(10).
[20]董晓友,白泽生,刘锐.基于MCS-51单片机实现温度的检测[J].延安大学学报(自然科学版)，2005(2).
[21] Dexter A.L.Self-tuning control algorithm for single-chip microcomputerimplementation.Control Theory and Applications. IEE Proceedings D Volume130,Issue5, Sep.1983:255-260.
[22] Ralf Niemann.Hardware/Software Co-design for Data Flow DominatedEmbedded Systems[M]. Kluwer Academic Publishers;1998:233-240.
[23] Study investigates compatibility of fuel dispenser materials with gasolinecontaining ethanol Sealing Technology, Volume2011, Issue4, April2011：3-4.
[24] Geoffrey Trimble, Kenneth Franc. Software portability for microcomputersOriginal Research[J].International Journal of Project Management,1985(2):6-12.
[25] Yanping Zhou. Research and Practice of Course Design on MicrocomputerPrinciple and Interface Technology.[J]. Procedia Engineering,2011(15):4211-4215.