基于模糊控制的轿车自动空调设计与仿真
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摘要
轿车空调系统作为影响乘车舒适性的主要装置之一,不仅作为改善工作条件、提高工作效率的重要手段,同时还是提高轿车市场竞争力的重要手段,空调正成为车辆不可缺少的重要附件。降低成本,减少能量消耗,使轿车空调控制系统能够实现自动化与智能化具有重要意义。
本文首先通过对轿车自动空调的功能结构、工作原理、组成部分及常用的配气形式的介绍,提出了轿车自动空调风道概念形式,同时根据我国的气候特点和国情,介绍分析了轿车空调的舒适性参数。根据模糊控制适用于轿车空调这样不易获得精确数学模型、非线性、时变、滞后的被控对象的特点,建立了左温区模糊控制器、右温区模糊控制器和风机模糊控制器。以热力学分析为基础,建立了轿车自动空调热力学模型,在Matlab/Simulink软件环境下对夏季环境下车室内的温度控制做了仿真,结果证明设计的合理性。论文最后提出了MC9S12DP256为核心的轿车自动空调模糊控制器的硬件方案。
With the improvement of people’s standards of living and the rapid development of auto industry, modern high technology and electrical technology, the people who have higher and higher standard and requirement for the riding comfort and controlling of the passenger car hope that various temperatures can be controlled at the same time to meet the different need of passengers in the car’s different place, so the air conditioner need to be controlled in multiple temperature zones. At present, only advanced cars’air conditioner is computer-controlled, the ordinary ones even installed not fully functioning manual or electronically controlled air conditionering which has a number of shortcomings in the function and use. As a result, to satisfy the need of comfort and safety, it is hoped that the function of car air-conditioning devices to further improve and at the same time reduce costs and energy consumption so as to make car air-conditioning control system to achieve automation and intelligent.
The features,working principles and two forms of gas distribution of car air-condition are described in detail. The two forms include full thermal type and hybrid intrusion. The first type has high precision of controlling temperature in-car at the cost of cooling capacity;The second can save cooling capacity, but its disadvantage is that warm-and cold wind can not be well mixed , so the controlling precision is lower relatively. Though combining the advantages of two forms, the passenger car automatic air conditioner’s duct is preliminary designed in this paper, so that it can distribute different air flow to multiple temperature zones, improve passenger’s comfort and save energy consume. According to the climate characteristics and conditions, the comfort parameters are introduced and analysis in paper as well.
Fuzzy Control which is one a controlling way that can simulate human thought, language and behavior in use of fuzzy mathematics method in the process of controlling is suitable with the condition that it is difficult to set up exact mathematical model or obtain its structure parameters.
It use fuzzy control rules which is based on people’s experience in the control process to realize control, as a result, it can adapt to the strongly change of control parameter; apply to not only simple control but also complex nonlinear control. This method is suitable for car air-conditioning because it is a nonlinear time-varying system which appropriate temperature is difficult to clearly expressed.
In paper, the error and error rate between required temperature and actual value are designed as input; in-car temperature is regulated based on fuzzy control strategy. The paper designs some controllers of car. Left and right blending damper fuzzy controller, wind speed of air-blower fuzzy controller of passenger car are designed; input and output value are fuzzed, relative control strategies are made and output curve surface of the fuzzy controller are designed in paper.
According to the law of thermodynamics, the thermodynamic factors which affect temperature in-car are analyzed, a simplified car interior temperature mathematical model of the left and right-zone is established, and thermodynamic simulation model of car air-conditioning is established in Matlab/Simulink software environment. Based on different inputs, the controlling of wind speed of air-blower, open degree of left and right blending damper, the simulation system which is divided into three departments such as fuzzy controller, implementation module of left temperature zone and right temperature zone can respectively simulate and calculate the left and right two-zone temperature and make them to achieve requirements stably and rapidly. System is simulated about summer environment. The result curve proves that the compartment temperature can approach the established temperature quickly. It is turned out that the system realized the controlling of passenger car’s multiple temperature zones and the fuzzy controller of automatic air conditioner for passenger car is rationally.
Finally, the hardware scheme of passenger car air-conditioning’s fuzzy controller is proposed in this paper, and the hardware circuit of control system with Motorola's HCS12 family of 16-bit microcontrollers MC9S12DP256 for core which is designed contains basic peripheral circuits such as power circuit, clock circuit and reset circuit, driver circuit of the left and right blending damper and air-blower, man-machine-channel module, for example, monitors, keyboards and their driver circuits. At first, controlling parameters needed are collected through a variety of temperature sensors and after A / D converted. Secondly, microprocessor does some decision-making based on requirement temperature of the left and right temperature zone and the data detected. Finally, the temperature of passenger car multiple temperature zones can be regulated by controlling the control device such as left and right blending damper and air-blower of passenger car automatic air conditioner so as to achieve the target temperature. There is components selection in detail, analysis and design for each module in the paper.
本文首先通过对轿车自动空调的功能结构、工作原理、组成部分及常用的配气形式的介绍,提出了轿车自动空调风道概念形式,同时根据我国的气候特点和国情,介绍分析了轿车空调的舒适性参数。根据模糊控制适用于轿车空调这样不易获得精确数学模型、非线性、时变、滞后的被控对象的特点,建立了左温区模糊控制器、右温区模糊控制器和风机模糊控制器。以热力学分析为基础,建立了轿车自动空调热力学模型,在Matlab/Simulink软件环境下对夏季环境下车室内的温度控制做了仿真,结果证明设计的合理性。论文最后提出了MC9S12DP256为核心的轿车自动空调模糊控制器的硬件方案。
With the improvement of people’s standards of living and the rapid development of auto industry, modern high technology and electrical technology, the people who have higher and higher standard and requirement for the riding comfort and controlling of the passenger car hope that various temperatures can be controlled at the same time to meet the different need of passengers in the car’s different place, so the air conditioner need to be controlled in multiple temperature zones. At present, only advanced cars’air conditioner is computer-controlled, the ordinary ones even installed not fully functioning manual or electronically controlled air conditionering which has a number of shortcomings in the function and use. As a result, to satisfy the need of comfort and safety, it is hoped that the function of car air-conditioning devices to further improve and at the same time reduce costs and energy consumption so as to make car air-conditioning control system to achieve automation and intelligent.
The features,working principles and two forms of gas distribution of car air-condition are described in detail. The two forms include full thermal type and hybrid intrusion. The first type has high precision of controlling temperature in-car at the cost of cooling capacity;The second can save cooling capacity, but its disadvantage is that warm-and cold wind can not be well mixed , so the controlling precision is lower relatively. Though combining the advantages of two forms, the passenger car automatic air conditioner’s duct is preliminary designed in this paper, so that it can distribute different air flow to multiple temperature zones, improve passenger’s comfort and save energy consume. According to the climate characteristics and conditions, the comfort parameters are introduced and analysis in paper as well.
Fuzzy Control which is one a controlling way that can simulate human thought, language and behavior in use of fuzzy mathematics method in the process of controlling is suitable with the condition that it is difficult to set up exact mathematical model or obtain its structure parameters.
It use fuzzy control rules which is based on people’s experience in the control process to realize control, as a result, it can adapt to the strongly change of control parameter; apply to not only simple control but also complex nonlinear control. This method is suitable for car air-conditioning because it is a nonlinear time-varying system which appropriate temperature is difficult to clearly expressed.
In paper, the error and error rate between required temperature and actual value are designed as input; in-car temperature is regulated based on fuzzy control strategy. The paper designs some controllers of car. Left and right blending damper fuzzy controller, wind speed of air-blower fuzzy controller of passenger car are designed; input and output value are fuzzed, relative control strategies are made and output curve surface of the fuzzy controller are designed in paper.
According to the law of thermodynamics, the thermodynamic factors which affect temperature in-car are analyzed, a simplified car interior temperature mathematical model of the left and right-zone is established, and thermodynamic simulation model of car air-conditioning is established in Matlab/Simulink software environment. Based on different inputs, the controlling of wind speed of air-blower, open degree of left and right blending damper, the simulation system which is divided into three departments such as fuzzy controller, implementation module of left temperature zone and right temperature zone can respectively simulate and calculate the left and right two-zone temperature and make them to achieve requirements stably and rapidly. System is simulated about summer environment. The result curve proves that the compartment temperature can approach the established temperature quickly. It is turned out that the system realized the controlling of passenger car’s multiple temperature zones and the fuzzy controller of automatic air conditioner for passenger car is rationally.
Finally, the hardware scheme of passenger car air-conditioning’s fuzzy controller is proposed in this paper, and the hardware circuit of control system with Motorola's HCS12 family of 16-bit microcontrollers MC9S12DP256 for core which is designed contains basic peripheral circuits such as power circuit, clock circuit and reset circuit, driver circuit of the left and right blending damper and air-blower, man-machine-channel module, for example, monitors, keyboards and their driver circuits. At first, controlling parameters needed are collected through a variety of temperature sensors and after A / D converted. Secondly, microprocessor does some decision-making based on requirement temperature of the left and right temperature zone and the data detected. Finally, the temperature of passenger car multiple temperature zones can be regulated by controlling the control device such as left and right blending damper and air-blower of passenger car automatic air conditioner so as to achieve the target temperature. There is components selection in detail, analysis and design for each module in the paper.
引文
[1]陈孟湘.汽车空调的发展[J].汽车与配件,2002.NO.27:21-25.
[2]夏云铧,袁银男等.汽车空调[M].沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,2002.
[3]方贵银,李辉.汽车空调技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[4] Shin Nishida.Refrigeration cycle control system.中国:Us005385035[P].Jan 31,1995.
[5]吕志强,廖坤.广州标志牌505型汽车空调电子控制系统[J].汽车电器,1997(2):5-9.
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[9]邓建强,冯诗愚,郁永章等.铁路空调客车内流场、温度场的数值模拟和实验研究[J].暖通空调,2005,35(6):20-23.
[10]方贵银.轿车空调系统及其控制[J].流体机械,1994:2.
[11]陈孟湘.自动空调[J].汽车与配件,2003:8.
[12]陈孟湘.汽车空调——原理、结构、安装、维修[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,2002.
[13]Kevin M, Passino, Stephen Yurkovich.Fuzzy Control[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2001:11.
[14]Timothy J.Ross,钱同惠,沈其聪,葛晓滨.模糊逻辑及其工程应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2001.
[15]刘传聚.汽车空调用日照表面综合温度的计算[J].通风除尘,1994(4):12-15.
[16]闻少新.汽车空调的控制系统[J].家电科技——制冷空调维修,2005(3):48-50.
[17]彭程荣.浅析汽车空调对车内舒适环境的调节作用闭[J].广西机械,2002(1):20-23.
[18]张增社.空调客车车内气候参数的确定阴[J].客车技术与研究,1996,18(2):32-35.
[19]付百学.汽车电子控制技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[20]郭晓刚,宋文龙.客车空调控制总体设计及硬件系统的研究[J].自动化仪表,2008(8):18-21.
[21]赖强盛,黄馀睿.汽车空调模糊控制[J].客车技术与研究,2004,26(4):16-17.
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[23]Y.FUsada. I.Kohri and T.Kataoka.Evaluation Method Of Thermal Comfort Passenger Car Compartment[J].JSAE Paper,1993(9306390).225-231.
[24]张建民,王涛,王忠礼.智能控制原理及应用[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2003.
[25]YingBai,Dall Wang. Fundamentals of Fuzzy Logic Control[M].Springer London,2006.
[26]吴晓莉,林哲辉.MATLAB辅助模糊系统设计[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2002.
[27]R.Johnston.Fuzzy Logic Control [J].Microelectronics Journal,1995(l26):481-495.
[28]Hong-Xiao Li,E. S. Lee.Control Functions of Fuzzy Controllers[J].Computers and Mathematics with Application,2003(l46):875-890.
[29]Dider Dubois,Henri Prade.What are Fuzzy Rules and How to Use Them[J].Fuzzy Sets and Systems,1996(184):169-185.
[30]仲华,唐双波等.轿车空调车内温度的模糊控制[J].上海交通大学学报,2001(l35):8.
[31]张行周,马重芳.Matlab在汽车空调整车环境室仿真中的应用[J].汽车工程,2006(92):5.
[32]刘建宏.商用车防抱死制动系统的电子控制单元研究和开发[D].长春:吉林大学,2007.
[33]郑扣根唐杰等译,嵌入式系统-使用68HC12和HCS12的设计与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
[34]W.B.Ribbens,Understanding Automotive Electronics[J].SAMS,1992(02).
[35]王晓明.电动机的单片机控制[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002.
[36]来清民.传感器与单片机接口及实例[M].北京:北京航空航天出版社,2008.
[37]松井邦彦著,梁瑞林译.传感器应用技巧141例[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
[38]王幸之,王雷钟,爱琴,王闪.单片机应用系统电磁干扰与抗干扰技术[M].北京:北京航空航天出版社,2006.
[39]王磊,艾晓庸,朱齐丹.基于LMD18200组件的直流电机驱动器的设计[J].自动化与仪表,2004(01):19-22.
[40]王维正,臧玉萍.基于L297与L298N的步进电机控制系统设计[J].硅谷,2008(13)55-58.
[41]薛明军,张辉,赵敏.LM2575系列开关稳压集成电路及其应用.国外电子元器件,2001(01)92-94.
[42]沙占友,孟志永,王彦朋著.单片机外围电路设计[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
[43]李宏,张家田著.液晶显示器件应用技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004.
[44]Nation Semiconductor.LM78XX Serious Voltage Regulators.http://www.freescale.com.cn
[45]Rafael Alcal, Jorge Casillas, Oscar Cordón, Antonio Gonzlez, Francisco Herrera .A genetic rule weighting and selection process for fuzzy control of heating, ventilating and air conditioning systems[J].Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 2008,18(3):279-296.
[46]周惠明.高精度负温度系数热敏电阻及其应用[J].国外电子元器件.1995(02)73-76.
[47]Kuo-Yang Tu,Tsu-Tian Iee,Wen-Jieh Wang.Design of a Multi-layer Fuzzy Logic Controller for Multi-input Multi-output Systems[J].Fuzzy Sets and Systems,2000(111):199-214.
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[2]夏云铧,袁银男等.汽车空调[M].沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,2002.
[3]方贵银,李辉.汽车空调技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[4] Shin Nishida.Refrigeration cycle control system.中国:Us005385035[P].Jan 31,1995.
[5]吕志强,廖坤.广州标志牌505型汽车空调电子控制系统[J].汽车电器,1997(2):5-9.
[6] Yuji Honda.Air conditionering device.中国:Us005452587[P].Sep 26,1995.
[7]吕强,申福林.客车空调技术的现状与发展趋势[J].客车技术及研究,1998(1):4-8.
[8]陈立辉,宋秀年.汽车空调[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2004.
[9]邓建强,冯诗愚,郁永章等.铁路空调客车内流场、温度场的数值模拟和实验研究[J].暖通空调,2005,35(6):20-23.
[10]方贵银.轿车空调系统及其控制[J].流体机械,1994:2.
[11]陈孟湘.自动空调[J].汽车与配件,2003:8.
[12]陈孟湘.汽车空调——原理、结构、安装、维修[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,2002.
[13]Kevin M, Passino, Stephen Yurkovich.Fuzzy Control[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2001:11.
[14]Timothy J.Ross,钱同惠,沈其聪,葛晓滨.模糊逻辑及其工程应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2001.
[15]刘传聚.汽车空调用日照表面综合温度的计算[J].通风除尘,1994(4):12-15.
[16]闻少新.汽车空调的控制系统[J].家电科技——制冷空调维修,2005(3):48-50.
[17]彭程荣.浅析汽车空调对车内舒适环境的调节作用闭[J].广西机械,2002(1):20-23.
[18]张增社.空调客车车内气候参数的确定阴[J].客车技术与研究,1996,18(2):32-35.
[19]付百学.汽车电子控制技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[20]郭晓刚,宋文龙.客车空调控制总体设计及硬件系统的研究[J].自动化仪表,2008(8):18-21.
[21]赖强盛,黄馀睿.汽车空调模糊控制[J].客车技术与研究,2004,26(4):16-17.
[22]R. Johnston.Fuzzy Logic Control[J].Microelectronics Journal,1995(126),481-495.
[23]Y.FUsada. I.Kohri and T.Kataoka.Evaluation Method Of Thermal Comfort Passenger Car Compartment[J].JSAE Paper,1993(9306390).225-231.
[24]张建民,王涛,王忠礼.智能控制原理及应用[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2003.
[25]YingBai,Dall Wang. Fundamentals of Fuzzy Logic Control[M].Springer London,2006.
[26]吴晓莉,林哲辉.MATLAB辅助模糊系统设计[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2002.
[27]R.Johnston.Fuzzy Logic Control [J].Microelectronics Journal,1995(l26):481-495.
[28]Hong-Xiao Li,E. S. Lee.Control Functions of Fuzzy Controllers[J].Computers and Mathematics with Application,2003(l46):875-890.
[29]Dider Dubois,Henri Prade.What are Fuzzy Rules and How to Use Them[J].Fuzzy Sets and Systems,1996(184):169-185.
[30]仲华,唐双波等.轿车空调车内温度的模糊控制[J].上海交通大学学报,2001(l35):8.
[31]张行周,马重芳.Matlab在汽车空调整车环境室仿真中的应用[J].汽车工程,2006(92):5.
[32]刘建宏.商用车防抱死制动系统的电子控制单元研究和开发[D].长春:吉林大学,2007.
[33]郑扣根唐杰等译,嵌入式系统-使用68HC12和HCS12的设计与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
[34]W.B.Ribbens,Understanding Automotive Electronics[J].SAMS,1992(02).
[35]王晓明.电动机的单片机控制[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002.
[36]来清民.传感器与单片机接口及实例[M].北京:北京航空航天出版社,2008.
[37]松井邦彦著,梁瑞林译.传感器应用技巧141例[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
[38]王幸之,王雷钟,爱琴,王闪.单片机应用系统电磁干扰与抗干扰技术[M].北京:北京航空航天出版社,2006.
[39]王磊,艾晓庸,朱齐丹.基于LMD18200组件的直流电机驱动器的设计[J].自动化与仪表,2004(01):19-22.
[40]王维正,臧玉萍.基于L297与L298N的步进电机控制系统设计[J].硅谷,2008(13)55-58.
[41]薛明军,张辉,赵敏.LM2575系列开关稳压集成电路及其应用.国外电子元器件,2001(01)92-94.
[42]沙占友,孟志永,王彦朋著.单片机外围电路设计[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
[43]李宏,张家田著.液晶显示器件应用技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004.
[44]Nation Semiconductor.LM78XX Serious Voltage Regulators.http://www.freescale.com.cn
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