论孙致礼的翻译思想
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摘要
自20世纪中期以来,随着语言学、美学、交际学、社会符号学、信息论等相关学科的发展,翻译研究取得了长足的进步,翻译开始被当作一门科学来研究,其科学性、深入性和系统性引起人们的广泛关注。对于著名翻译家进行全面、系统、深刻的研究,通过对他们的人生道路、译事经验、翻译思想加以整理爬梳,概括出译学人才必须具备的条件以及译学人才的成长规律,在探索他们的译作所展示的科学态度和艺术奥秘的基础上总结出双语转换的规律,并归纳出他们各自的译风特点和翻译技巧,应当成为翻译研究的一个重要课题。孙致礼先生作为我国外语界著名学者,毕生从事英美文学翻译和研究,对翻译理论和实践的探索建树颇多。但是目前为止对于孙致礼的研究还仅仅局限于翻译思想的概述和翻译作品的介绍。
本文作者在广泛收集有关孙致礼翻译活动的文献资料和深入学习孙致礼关于翻译方面的论述的基础上,旨在对孙致礼的翻译活动和翻译思想做一个全面的、系统的梳理和描述。对孙致礼翻译思想的研究不仅有助于建立中国自己的翻译理论而且对译学人才的培养起到引导作用。
除了序言和结论外,本文由五章组成。在引言中,作者进行文献综述,介绍研究现状。第一章介绍孙致礼的生平以及他的翻译作品。第二章阐述其翻译思想的精华——“十大矛盾”。这“十大矛盾”一分为二地看待翻译问题,给翻译研究提供了新的视角。作者将从翻译性质和翻译过程的角度来阐释这“十大矛盾”。第三章探讨了孙致礼在翻译叛逆问题上的立场。他认为叛逆行为根据译者的意识,可以分为无意叛逆和有意叛逆,其中有意叛逆又可以进一步分为权宜性叛逆,策略性叛逆,关照性叛逆和创造性叛逆。第四章是孙致礼的翻译伦理观。孙致礼借鉴Chesterman的翻译伦理模式,提出了译者的五种翻译职责,即再现原作,完成委托人要求,符合目的语社会文化规范,满足目的语读者的需求,恪守职业道德。第五章首先介绍了孙致礼对简·奥斯丁作品的翻译,并从译者风格和作者风格以及归化和异化的角度,从实践上对孙致礼的翻译理论进行印证。最后得出结论,翻译理论要结合实际,坚持翻译辩证观,坚持翻译求真。
Since the 1950s, with the development of linguistics, aesthetics, communication, social-semiotics and information of theory, translation studies have made remarkable progress and they are studied as science with depth and systematicness. It is self-evident that great effort should be put to the research of successful translators, both their translation theory and practice. Only in this way can their valuable experiences and skills be collected, summarized and absorbed. Such studies can not only help formulate the rules of bilingual transformation, but also help to summarize their translation features and techniques. As Sun Zhili is a distinguished scholar who has also devoted most of his life to translation practice, it is worthwhile to probe into his translation thoughts. But so far, study on Sun Zhili is merely focused on the simple summarization of his translation activities or introduction of his translation of his translation works.
Based on a broad collection of materials about Sun Zhili's translation activities and a conscientious study of his exposition on translation, the present thesis is intended to sort out and make a comprehensive and systematic description of Sun Zhili's translation activities as well as his translation thoughts. It can not only contribute to the constructing of China's own translation theory, but also help set a model for the young majors in this field.
Besides introduction and conclusion, the thesis falls into five chapters. In the introduction, the author presents a literature review relevant to Sun Zhili and introduces the current situation of the study. Chapter one starts with a brief introduction of Sun Zhili as a translator, and then introduces his major translation works. Chapter two discusses Sun's "ten contradictions", which are essence of Sun's translation thoughts. Those ten contradictions inclusively and dialectically bring new insights to translation studies. Sun's "ten contradictions" will be observed from two perspectives: the nature of translation and the process of translation. Chapter three centers around Sun's view on treason in translation. Treason can be divided into unconscious treason and conscious treason. Conscious treason can be further classified into expedient treason, tactful treason, considerate treason and creative treason. Chapter four intends to unfold Sun's view on translation ethics. In light of Chesterman's classification, Sun Zhili identifies five responsibilities, namely, the responsibility of reproducing the original; that of fulfilling the client's requirements; that of conforming to the social-cultural norms of the receiving country; that of satisfying the demands of the TL reader; that of abiding by one's professional ethics. Chapter five probes into the application of Sun's translation of Jane Austen's works in terms of style translation, and foreignization and domestication, which will prove the feasibility of his translation thought. It rounds off with conclusion that 1) translation theory should be integrated with practice; 2) translation dialectics should be upheld; 3) translators should be constantly seeking truth.
本文作者在广泛收集有关孙致礼翻译活动的文献资料和深入学习孙致礼关于翻译方面的论述的基础上,旨在对孙致礼的翻译活动和翻译思想做一个全面的、系统的梳理和描述。对孙致礼翻译思想的研究不仅有助于建立中国自己的翻译理论而且对译学人才的培养起到引导作用。
除了序言和结论外,本文由五章组成。在引言中,作者进行文献综述,介绍研究现状。第一章介绍孙致礼的生平以及他的翻译作品。第二章阐述其翻译思想的精华——“十大矛盾”。这“十大矛盾”一分为二地看待翻译问题,给翻译研究提供了新的视角。作者将从翻译性质和翻译过程的角度来阐释这“十大矛盾”。第三章探讨了孙致礼在翻译叛逆问题上的立场。他认为叛逆行为根据译者的意识,可以分为无意叛逆和有意叛逆,其中有意叛逆又可以进一步分为权宜性叛逆,策略性叛逆,关照性叛逆和创造性叛逆。第四章是孙致礼的翻译伦理观。孙致礼借鉴Chesterman的翻译伦理模式,提出了译者的五种翻译职责,即再现原作,完成委托人要求,符合目的语社会文化规范,满足目的语读者的需求,恪守职业道德。第五章首先介绍了孙致礼对简·奥斯丁作品的翻译,并从译者风格和作者风格以及归化和异化的角度,从实践上对孙致礼的翻译理论进行印证。最后得出结论,翻译理论要结合实际,坚持翻译辩证观,坚持翻译求真。
Since the 1950s, with the development of linguistics, aesthetics, communication, social-semiotics and information of theory, translation studies have made remarkable progress and they are studied as science with depth and systematicness. It is self-evident that great effort should be put to the research of successful translators, both their translation theory and practice. Only in this way can their valuable experiences and skills be collected, summarized and absorbed. Such studies can not only help formulate the rules of bilingual transformation, but also help to summarize their translation features and techniques. As Sun Zhili is a distinguished scholar who has also devoted most of his life to translation practice, it is worthwhile to probe into his translation thoughts. But so far, study on Sun Zhili is merely focused on the simple summarization of his translation activities or introduction of his translation of his translation works.
Based on a broad collection of materials about Sun Zhili's translation activities and a conscientious study of his exposition on translation, the present thesis is intended to sort out and make a comprehensive and systematic description of Sun Zhili's translation activities as well as his translation thoughts. It can not only contribute to the constructing of China's own translation theory, but also help set a model for the young majors in this field.
Besides introduction and conclusion, the thesis falls into five chapters. In the introduction, the author presents a literature review relevant to Sun Zhili and introduces the current situation of the study. Chapter one starts with a brief introduction of Sun Zhili as a translator, and then introduces his major translation works. Chapter two discusses Sun's "ten contradictions", which are essence of Sun's translation thoughts. Those ten contradictions inclusively and dialectically bring new insights to translation studies. Sun's "ten contradictions" will be observed from two perspectives: the nature of translation and the process of translation. Chapter three centers around Sun's view on treason in translation. Treason can be divided into unconscious treason and conscious treason. Conscious treason can be further classified into expedient treason, tactful treason, considerate treason and creative treason. Chapter four intends to unfold Sun's view on translation ethics. In light of Chesterman's classification, Sun Zhili identifies five responsibilities, namely, the responsibility of reproducing the original; that of fulfilling the client's requirements; that of conforming to the social-cultural norms of the receiving country; that of satisfying the demands of the TL reader; that of abiding by one's professional ethics. Chapter five probes into the application of Sun's translation of Jane Austen's works in terms of style translation, and foreignization and domestication, which will prove the feasibility of his translation thought. It rounds off with conclusion that 1) translation theory should be integrated with practice; 2) translation dialectics should be upheld; 3) translators should be constantly seeking truth.
引文
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2.Austen,Jane.Sense and Sensibility [M].Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,2000.
3.Austen,Jane.Pride and Prejudice [M].Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,2005.
4.Bassnett,Susan.Translation Studies (3rd edition) [M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,2004.
5.Berman,Antoine.The Experience of the Foreign [M].Albany:State University of New York,1992.
6.Chesterman,Andrew."Proposal for a hieronymic oath" [J].The Translator,Vol.7,No.2.2001:139-154.
7.Gentzler,Edwin.Contemporary Translation Theories [M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,2004.
8.Hatim,B.Communication across Culture [M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.2001.
9.Lefevere,Andre.Translation/History/Culture - A Sourcebook [Z].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,2004.
10.Levy,Jiri."Translation as a decision process" [A].The Translation Studies Reader [C].Lawrence Venuti (ed.).New York:Routledge,2000.149-158.
11.Koskinen,Kaisa.Beyond Ambivalence:Postmodemity and the Ethics of Translation [Dj.Tampere:University of Tampere,2000.
12.Newmark,Peter.A Textbook of Translation [M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,2001.
13.Nida,Eugene A.Language,Culture,and Translating [M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,1993.
14.Nida,Eugene A.Toward a Science of Translating [M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,2004.
15.Pym,Anthony.“Introduction:The Return to Ethics in Translation Studies”[J].The Translator,Vol.7,No.2.2001:129-138.
16.Savory,Theodore.The Art of Translation[M].London:Cape,1957.
17.Shuttleworth,Mark & Moria Cowie.Dictionary of Translation Studies[Z].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,2004.
18.Toury,Gideon.Descriptive Translation Studies and Beyond[M].Amsterdam:John Benjamins,1995.
19.Venuti,Lawrence(ed.)Rethinking Translation:Discourse,Subjectivity and Ideology[C].London and New York:Routledge,1992.
20.Venuti,Lawrence.The Translator's Invisibility[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,2004.
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