吉安地区预拌混凝土回弹测强曲线的研究
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摘要
预拌混凝土的推广应用是一项全新的绿色事业和系统工程,回弹法是混凝土结构现场强度检测应用最为广泛的无损检测技术方法。本文针对吉安地区预拌混凝土建立回弹测强曲线,研究了不同材料组成、施工及成型工艺的差异因素对回弹测强精度的影响,同时考虑试块强度与结构实体强度的差异进行了取芯试验修正及工程验证。得出以下结论：
(1)通过对本地区混凝土试块回弹测强数据混合回归及误差比较分析,指出混合回归曲线对不同材料组成及成型工艺混凝土测强精度存在较大差异,提出建立本地区测强曲线,应以相对误差最小为目标及考虑卵石、碎石、泵送、非泵送不同情况,以提高回弹曲线测强精度的措施。
(2)考虑卵石、碎石、泵送与非泵送不同情况对试块回弹测强数据分类回归及误差比较分析指出：本地区卵石非泵送和卵石泵送混凝土按试块试验回归曲线与国家《回弹法检测混凝土抗压强度技术规程(JGJ/T 23—2001)》(以下简称《规程》)统一曲线推定的强度相对误差基本一致；碎石非泵送混凝土和碎石泵送混凝土按试块试验回归曲线与国家统一曲线推定的强度相对误差差异较大,试块试验回归曲线测强精度明显优于《规程》统一曲线。
(3)考虑试块强度与结构实体强度的差异,本文对试块试验建立的回弹测强曲线进行了取芯验证和修正,结论提出：
1)国家《规程》统一曲线测强分别采用修正系数值1.034和1.065,适用于本地区C20-C40卵石非泵送混凝土和C20-C40卵石泵送混凝土回弹测强。
2)本地区碎石非泵送混凝土修正后测强曲线(f=0.05371×R1.8682×10-0.03980d)适用于本地区C20-C60碎石非泵送混凝土回弹测强；碎石泵送混凝土修正后测强曲线(,=030588×R141204×10-003163d)适用于本地区C20-C60碎石泵送混凝土回弹测强。
本课题研究结果可作为研制江西省(吉安)地区预拌混凝土测强曲线及全国统一测强曲线的重要依据。
The spread and application of ready-mixed concrete is a new green enterprise and system engineering. Rebound method is the most widely used nondestructive examination method in application of field strength test on concrete construction. In view of strength curve for rebound method built by ready-mixed concrete in Ji'an, this paper studies the effects of differentiating factor on accuracy of rebound test caused by different materials, different constructions and molding process, and has the modification of coring experiment and the engineering test considering the differences caused by the strength of test block and construction entity. The following conclusions:
(1) By analysis of mixed regression and error comparing on the rebound test data of concrete test block at local area, this paper points out that major differences in the strength test accuracy of molding process and different material compositions are caused by the mixed regression curve, proposes to set up the strength test curve at local area, and puts forward the measures to improve the accuracy of strength test curve aiming at minimizing relative error, with consideration of different situations caused by pebbles, rubbles, pumping or non-pumping.
(2) Considering different situations caused by pebbles, rubbles, pumping or non-pumping influencing classified regression and error comparing on the rebound test data of concrete test block, this paper points out that there exists minor relative errors between the regression curve of test block examination in the pumping and non-pumping of pebbles in local area and the strength of homological curve prescribed by "Technical Specification for Inspection of Concrete Compressive Strength by Rebound Method" (JGJ/T23-2001) in our country; major relative errors exists between the regression curve of test block examination in the pumping and non-pumping of rubbles in local area and the strength of homological curve in our country; and the strength test accuracy of regression curve on test block examination is significantly superior than homological curve prescribed by " Technical Specification for Inspection of Concrete Compressive Strength by Rebound Method " (JGJ/T23-2001)
(3) Considering the differences of the strength of test blocks and construction entities, this paper has the modification of coring experiment and the engineering test on the curve of rebound strength test set by test block examination, and gets such conclusions:
1)The strength of homological curve prescribed by《Technical Specification for inspection of Concrete Compressive Strength by Rebound Method》in our country adopts modified coefficient K value 1.034 and1.065 respectively, which applies to the test strength of the C20-C60 pumping and non-pumping rubble concrete in the local area.
2) The post-modified strength curve of non-pumping rubble concrete in the local area (ft4= 0.05371×R1.8682×10-0.03980d) applies to the rebound strength of the C20-C60 non-pumping rubble concrete in the local area. And the post-modified strength curve of pumping rubble concrete (ft5= 0.30588×R1.41204×10-0.03163d) applies to the rebound strength of the C20-C60 pumping rubble concrete in the local area.
The results of this study can be the important basis on researching the strength curve of ready-mixed concrete in Ji'an of Jiangxi province and homological strength curve in the country.
(1)通过对本地区混凝土试块回弹测强数据混合回归及误差比较分析,指出混合回归曲线对不同材料组成及成型工艺混凝土测强精度存在较大差异,提出建立本地区测强曲线,应以相对误差最小为目标及考虑卵石、碎石、泵送、非泵送不同情况,以提高回弹曲线测强精度的措施。
(2)考虑卵石、碎石、泵送与非泵送不同情况对试块回弹测强数据分类回归及误差比较分析指出：本地区卵石非泵送和卵石泵送混凝土按试块试验回归曲线与国家《回弹法检测混凝土抗压强度技术规程(JGJ/T 23—2001)》(以下简称《规程》)统一曲线推定的强度相对误差基本一致；碎石非泵送混凝土和碎石泵送混凝土按试块试验回归曲线与国家统一曲线推定的强度相对误差差异较大,试块试验回归曲线测强精度明显优于《规程》统一曲线。
(3)考虑试块强度与结构实体强度的差异,本文对试块试验建立的回弹测强曲线进行了取芯验证和修正,结论提出：
1)国家《规程》统一曲线测强分别采用修正系数值1.034和1.065,适用于本地区C20-C40卵石非泵送混凝土和C20-C40卵石泵送混凝土回弹测强。
2)本地区碎石非泵送混凝土修正后测强曲线(f=0.05371×R1.8682×10-0.03980d)适用于本地区C20-C60碎石非泵送混凝土回弹测强；碎石泵送混凝土修正后测强曲线(,=030588×R141204×10-003163d)适用于本地区C20-C60碎石泵送混凝土回弹测强。
本课题研究结果可作为研制江西省(吉安)地区预拌混凝土测强曲线及全国统一测强曲线的重要依据。
The spread and application of ready-mixed concrete is a new green enterprise and system engineering. Rebound method is the most widely used nondestructive examination method in application of field strength test on concrete construction. In view of strength curve for rebound method built by ready-mixed concrete in Ji'an, this paper studies the effects of differentiating factor on accuracy of rebound test caused by different materials, different constructions and molding process, and has the modification of coring experiment and the engineering test considering the differences caused by the strength of test block and construction entity. The following conclusions:
(1) By analysis of mixed regression and error comparing on the rebound test data of concrete test block at local area, this paper points out that major differences in the strength test accuracy of molding process and different material compositions are caused by the mixed regression curve, proposes to set up the strength test curve at local area, and puts forward the measures to improve the accuracy of strength test curve aiming at minimizing relative error, with consideration of different situations caused by pebbles, rubbles, pumping or non-pumping.
(2) Considering different situations caused by pebbles, rubbles, pumping or non-pumping influencing classified regression and error comparing on the rebound test data of concrete test block, this paper points out that there exists minor relative errors between the regression curve of test block examination in the pumping and non-pumping of pebbles in local area and the strength of homological curve prescribed by "Technical Specification for Inspection of Concrete Compressive Strength by Rebound Method" (JGJ/T23-2001) in our country; major relative errors exists between the regression curve of test block examination in the pumping and non-pumping of rubbles in local area and the strength of homological curve in our country; and the strength test accuracy of regression curve on test block examination is significantly superior than homological curve prescribed by " Technical Specification for Inspection of Concrete Compressive Strength by Rebound Method " (JGJ/T23-2001)
(3) Considering the differences of the strength of test blocks and construction entities, this paper has the modification of coring experiment and the engineering test on the curve of rebound strength test set by test block examination, and gets such conclusions:
1)The strength of homological curve prescribed by《Technical Specification for inspection of Concrete Compressive Strength by Rebound Method》in our country adopts modified coefficient K value 1.034 and1.065 respectively, which applies to the test strength of the C20-C60 pumping and non-pumping rubble concrete in the local area.
2) The post-modified strength curve of non-pumping rubble concrete in the local area (ft4= 0.05371×R1.8682×10-0.03980d) applies to the rebound strength of the C20-C60 non-pumping rubble concrete in the local area. And the post-modified strength curve of pumping rubble concrete (ft5= 0.30588×R1.41204×10-0.03163d) applies to the rebound strength of the C20-C60 pumping rubble concrete in the local area.
The results of this study can be the important basis on researching the strength curve of ready-mixed concrete in Ji'an of Jiangxi province and homological strength curve in the country.
引文
[1]中国建筑科学院.GB/T14902-2003预拌混凝土[S].北京：中国标准出版社,2003.1
[2]王骅.中国混凝土行业现状及探索[J].建筑机械技术与管理,2006.3：32-36
[3]Serkan Kivrak.Ready-mixed Concrete Supply for Rugby Stadium[J].Concrete,2009,42(11): 201-203
[4]王志明,覃轲.关于混凝土结构实体检验的若干问题探讨[J].混凝土,2008,151(6)：32-33
[5]Oemer Anoez,Goekhan Arslan,Mustafa Tuncan,Serkan Kivrak. Web-based quality control of ready mixed concrete[J].Building and Environment,2007,42(3):578-583
[6]中华人民共和国城乡建设环境保护部.GBJl07-87砼强度检验与评定标准[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1987
[7]中华人民共和国城乡建设环境保护部.GB50204-2002砼结构施工及验收规范[S].北京,中国建筑工业出版社,2002
[8]中华人民共和国城乡建设环境保护部.GBJ301-88建筑工程质量检验评定标准[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1988.
[9]建设部.GBJ/T-50081-2003普通混凝土力学性能试验[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1985
[10]M.Naderi.Journal of Testing and Evaluation[J]Journal of Testing and Evaluation,2007,35(6)
[11]林雍正.土木工程质量无损检测技术[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2008
[12]国家建筑工程质量监督检验中心主编.混凝土无损检测技术[M].北京：中国建材工业出版社.1996
[13]侯宝隆,蒋之峰编译.混凝土的非破损检测.[M]北京：地震出版社,1992
[14]M.N.Balakrishna,N.Jayaramappa.Evaluation of Concrete strength by non-destructive methods[J]. Journal of Structural Engineering,2011.7(6):480-486
[15]Lue Long,Zhao Bao-sheng,Liu Yong,Li Xin-cheng. Application of the rebound method and the ultrasonic-rebound method in the high-strength concrete non-destructive test-research and formuland formulate the strength test curve in kunming[A]. Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Cement and Concrete v.15th.Shanghai,China,2002
[16]中国建筑科学院.GJ/T23-2001回弹法检验混凝土抗压强度技术标准[S].北京：中国建材工业出版社.1996
[17]邱平.混凝土强度检测用专用或地区测强曲线[J].施工技术,2006,35(08)：94-96.
[18]吴蓉.商品混凝土回弹法测强曲线的研究.郑州大学硕十论文,2004,04：(8-9)
[19]常志红.Excel回归分析计算的简化与应用[J].混凝土,2003,160(02)：61-63
[20]吉鉴华.Excel的检测混凝土回弹(超声回弹)数据库[J].混凝土,2005.182(02)：82-84
[21]罗永会,高振国.提高混凝土无损测强曲线拟合精度的措施[J].实验技术与方法,2005.10(41)：510-512
[22]林永全,文梓芸.预拌混凝土强度和裂缝问题的系统分析[J].混凝土,2002,151(5)：26-29
[23]谢志华,温树杰.泵送商品混凝土在赣州建筑行业的可行性研究[J].混凝土,2007,221(05)：78-79
[24]印朝富,李晓春.泵送商品混凝土配合比调查研究[J].建材技术与应用,2007,(03)：13-15
[25]国建筑科学院.CECS03：88钻芯检测混凝土强度技术规程[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1989.
[26]黄陶.混凝土芯样尺寸效应研究[D].重庆大学硕十论文,2004.
[27]佟晓君,马群等.混凝土无损检测方法精度对比分析[J].河北理工学院报,2005,27(02)：136-139
[28]郑少华,姜奉华.试验设计与数据处理[M].北京：中国建工出版社,2004
[29]王华琪,赵鸣等.混凝土强度数据统计数据的分析与应用[J].同济大学学报,2007,35(07)：861-865
[30]罗永会,高振国等.提高混凝土无损测强曲线拟合精度的措施[J].实验技术与方法,2005,41(10)：510-513
[31]张庆芳等.矿渣.粉煤灰及减水剂对混凝土抗压强度的影响[J].孝感学院报,2006,26(06)：91-94
[32]周心林,王局堂.泵送预拌混凝土回弹强度的探讨[J].建筑技术,2007,38(01)：64-67
[33]北京地区泵送混凝土测强曲线研究组.制定北京地区泵送混凝土测强曲线的试验研究[J].施工技术,2004.3(33)：47-49
[34]徐国孝,丁伟军等,浙江地区同弹法检测泵送混凝土抗压强度测强曲线研究[J].混凝土2002,07(213)：85-88
[35]杨讯,于军.现拌和预拌混凝土的回弹强度曲线比较[J].混凝土,2007.28(03)：47-45
[36]陈旭东.考虑测量不确定度的材料强度[D].西安建筑科技大学,2008
[37]李珂.商品混凝土强度非破损技术检测方法的研究[D].郑州大学硕士论文,2004
[2]王骅.中国混凝土行业现状及探索[J].建筑机械技术与管理,2006.3：32-36
[3]Serkan Kivrak.Ready-mixed Concrete Supply for Rugby Stadium[J].Concrete,2009,42(11): 201-203
[4]王志明,覃轲.关于混凝土结构实体检验的若干问题探讨[J].混凝土,2008,151(6)：32-33
[5]Oemer Anoez,Goekhan Arslan,Mustafa Tuncan,Serkan Kivrak. Web-based quality control of ready mixed concrete[J].Building and Environment,2007,42(3):578-583
[6]中华人民共和国城乡建设环境保护部.GBJl07-87砼强度检验与评定标准[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1987
[7]中华人民共和国城乡建设环境保护部.GB50204-2002砼结构施工及验收规范[S].北京,中国建筑工业出版社,2002
[8]中华人民共和国城乡建设环境保护部.GBJ301-88建筑工程质量检验评定标准[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1988.
[9]建设部.GBJ/T-50081-2003普通混凝土力学性能试验[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1985
[10]M.Naderi.Journal of Testing and Evaluation[J]Journal of Testing and Evaluation,2007,35(6)
[11]林雍正.土木工程质量无损检测技术[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2008
[12]国家建筑工程质量监督检验中心主编.混凝土无损检测技术[M].北京：中国建材工业出版社.1996
[13]侯宝隆,蒋之峰编译.混凝土的非破损检测.[M]北京：地震出版社,1992
[14]M.N.Balakrishna,N.Jayaramappa.Evaluation of Concrete strength by non-destructive methods[J]. Journal of Structural Engineering,2011.7(6):480-486
[15]Lue Long,Zhao Bao-sheng,Liu Yong,Li Xin-cheng. Application of the rebound method and the ultrasonic-rebound method in the high-strength concrete non-destructive test-research and formuland formulate the strength test curve in kunming[A]. Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Cement and Concrete v.15th.Shanghai,China,2002
[16]中国建筑科学院.GJ/T23-2001回弹法检验混凝土抗压强度技术标准[S].北京：中国建材工业出版社.1996
[17]邱平.混凝土强度检测用专用或地区测强曲线[J].施工技术,2006,35(08)：94-96.
[18]吴蓉.商品混凝土回弹法测强曲线的研究.郑州大学硕十论文,2004,04：(8-9)
[19]常志红.Excel回归分析计算的简化与应用[J].混凝土,2003,160(02)：61-63
[20]吉鉴华.Excel的检测混凝土回弹(超声回弹)数据库[J].混凝土,2005.182(02)：82-84
[21]罗永会,高振国.提高混凝土无损测强曲线拟合精度的措施[J].实验技术与方法,2005.10(41)：510-512
[22]林永全,文梓芸.预拌混凝土强度和裂缝问题的系统分析[J].混凝土,2002,151(5)：26-29
[23]谢志华,温树杰.泵送商品混凝土在赣州建筑行业的可行性研究[J].混凝土,2007,221(05)：78-79
[24]印朝富,李晓春.泵送商品混凝土配合比调查研究[J].建材技术与应用,2007,(03)：13-15
[25]国建筑科学院.CECS03：88钻芯检测混凝土强度技术规程[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1989.
[26]黄陶.混凝土芯样尺寸效应研究[D].重庆大学硕十论文,2004.
[27]佟晓君,马群等.混凝土无损检测方法精度对比分析[J].河北理工学院报,2005,27(02)：136-139
[28]郑少华,姜奉华.试验设计与数据处理[M].北京：中国建工出版社,2004
[29]王华琪,赵鸣等.混凝土强度数据统计数据的分析与应用[J].同济大学学报,2007,35(07)：861-865
[30]罗永会,高振国等.提高混凝土无损测强曲线拟合精度的措施[J].实验技术与方法,2005,41(10)：510-513
[31]张庆芳等.矿渣.粉煤灰及减水剂对混凝土抗压强度的影响[J].孝感学院报,2006,26(06)：91-94
[32]周心林,王局堂.泵送预拌混凝土回弹强度的探讨[J].建筑技术,2007,38(01)：64-67
[33]北京地区泵送混凝土测强曲线研究组.制定北京地区泵送混凝土测强曲线的试验研究[J].施工技术,2004.3(33)：47-49
[34]徐国孝,丁伟军等,浙江地区同弹法检测泵送混凝土抗压强度测强曲线研究[J].混凝土2002,07(213)：85-88
[35]杨讯,于军.现拌和预拌混凝土的回弹强度曲线比较[J].混凝土,2007.28(03)：47-45
[36]陈旭东.考虑测量不确定度的材料强度[D].西安建筑科技大学,2008
[37]李珂.商品混凝土强度非破损技术检测方法的研究[D].郑州大学硕士论文,2004