苹果渣制备膳食纤维的工艺研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
本文以苹果渣为原料,采取化学分离方法,对制备膳食纤维的工艺条件进行了系统的研究,同时制备出可溶性膳食纤维和不可溶性膳食纤维。综合利用了资源,既提高苹果深加工产品的附加值,延长苹果加工的产业链,又变废为宝,解决环境污染问题。
     通过单因素实验,研究了制备可溶性膳食纤维A的原料粒度大小、酸的种类、酸液浓度、反应温度、反应时间和液料比等工艺参数;研究了制备可溶性膳食纤维B的碱液浓度、反应温度、反应时间和液料比等工艺参数;研究了pH值、H_2O_2浓度、液料比、温度和时间等工艺参数对不可溶性膳食纤维脱色的影响。在此基础上,进行了正交实验,通过极差分析确定出最佳的工艺条件。最后,进行了初步放大实验研究,为进一步中试和产业化研究提供了必须的数据。
     结果表明:制备可溶性膳食纤维A的最佳工艺条件是原料粉碎过40目筛,3%的盐酸溶液,反应温度80℃,反应时间2.0h,液料比15:1mL/g。制备可溶性膳食纤维B的最佳工艺条件是8%的NaOH溶液,温度90℃,液料比8:1mL/g,反应时间3.0h。
     对不可溶性膳食纤维脱色的最佳工艺条件是:pH=10,5%的H_2O_2,液料比3:1mL/g,温度25℃,反应时间2.0h。
The technology conditions of dietary fiber were studied systematically in this dissertation. Apple pomace was used as raw material to extract soluble dietary fiber(SDF) and insoluble dietary fiber(IDF) by chemical way. In this way, raw material was used sufficiently, additive value was increased. Furthermore, the waste was changed into worthiness and the pollution problem was resolved.
    The effects of the raw material's size, acid type and concentration, liquid-to-solid ratio, reaction temperature and time on the yield of SDF-A were studied; The effects of lye concentration, liquid-to-solid ratio, reaction temperature and time on the yield of SDF-B were investigated; The effects of pH value, Hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) concentration, liquid-to-solid ratio, reaction temperature and time on the decoloration of IDF were studied; The orthogonal experiments were accomplished. At the end, the experiment was magnified primary at optimum technology conditions.
    Results show that the optimum conditions of SDF-A are as follows: raw material with 0.35 mm diameter, 3% hydrochloric acid, 80癈, 2.0h, with liquid-to-solid ratio of 15:1 mL/g. The optimum conditions of SDF-B are as follows: 8% sodium hydroxide, 90癈, 3.0h, with liquid-to-solid ratio of 8:1 mL/g. The optimum conditions of decoloration of IDF are as follows: pH=10.0, 25 'C , 2.Oh, 5% Hydrogen peroxide(H2O2), with liquid-to-solid ratio of 3:1 mL/g.
    SHI Hongbing (Applied Chemistry) Directed by professor SONG Jirong
引文
1 J W Devries, L Prosky, B Li et al. A historical perspective on defining dietary fiber. Cereal foods world. 1999, 44(5):367-369
    2 郑建仙.功能性食品.第一卷.北京:中国轻工业出版社,1995
    3 Spiller G A, et al. Handbook of dietary fiber in human nutrition. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1993:16-18
    4 何锦凤.论膳食纤维.食品与发酵工业.1997,23(5):64-72
    5 闻芝梅,陈君石主译.现代营养学(Present Knowledge in Nutrition,EKHARD, E.ZIEGLER,L.J.FILER,IR.).第七版.北京:人民卫生出版社,1992
    6 郑建仙,高孔荣.论膳食纤维.食品与发酵工业.1994,(4):71-74
    7 Isabel Goni, Nuria Martin-Carron. In vitro fermentation and hydration properties of commercial dietary fiber-rich supplements. Nutrition Research. 1998, 18(6): 1077-1089
    8 Hiroshi Ishida, Hiroko Suzuno, et al. Nutritive evaluaton on chemical components of leaves, stalks and stems of sweet potatoes(Ipomoea batatas poir). Food Chemistry, 2000(68): 359-367
    9 David J A, Jenkins, Cyril W C Kendall, et al. Dietary fiber, the evolution of the human diet and coronary heart disease. Nutrition Research. 1998, 18(4): 633-652
    10 Robert H Knopp, H Robert Superko, et al. Long-term blood cholesterol-lowering effects of a dietary fiber supplement. Am J Prev Med. 1999, 17(1): 18-23
    11 Maria Leontowicz, Shela Gorinstein, et al. Sugar beet pulp and apple pomace dietary fibers improve lipid metabolism in rats fed cholesterol. Food Chemistry. 2001, (72): 73-78
    12 杨工,高玉堂,季步天.不同来源膳食纤维、钙与结直肠癌关系的研究.中华预防医学杂志.1994,28(4):195-198
    13 杜寿玢.膳食纤维与老年糖尿病.中级医刊.1996,31(3):21-23
    14 Wayne H chwesinger, William E Kurtin, et al. Soluble dietary fiber protects against cholesterol gallstone formation. Am J Surg. 1999, (177): 307-310
    15 张丽云,王晓光.麦麸膳食纤维的研究.食品科学.1999,(2):56-58
    16 王遂,李桂春.酶法脱淀粉技术用于玉米膳食纤维制去工艺的研究.哈尔滨师范大学学报.自然科学版.1999,15(3):73-77
    
    
    17 陈栓虎,高全昌.柿子皮制备膳食纤维添加粉的研究.食品科学.1995,16(4):66-67
    18 郑建仙,丁霄霖.大豆膳食纤维化学与工艺学的研究.中国粮油学报.1995,10(3):24-26
    19 胡国华,余迎利.米糠半纤维素的研究及应用.粮食与饲料工业.1998,(2):42-43
    20 万良才.盐沉淀法从马铃薯中提取果胶的工艺研究.食品与发酵工业.1994,(3):10-15
    21 许喜林,赖凤英,张孟昀等.豆腐渣中提取水不溶性膳食纤维的研究.广州食品工业
    22 郑建仙,耿立萍.利用蔗渣制备高活性膳食纤维添加粉的研究.食品与发酵工业.1996,(3):58-61
    23 李红,张连富.梨渣中膳食纤维的提取.食品工业.2000,(3):3-4
    24 Nuria Grigelmo-Miguel, Olga Martin-Belloso. Characterization of dietary fiber from orange juice extraction. Food Research International. 1999, 31(5): 355-361
    25 万良才.从甜菜粕中提取食用纤维和果胶的研究.食品与发酵工业.1994,(3):10-15
    26 余华,马昱.花生壳膳食纤维的提取及性能测定.成都大学学报.自然科学版.1998,17(4):1-4
    27 潘明,王世宽.四川轻化工学院学报.锦橙皮渣膳食纤维提取研究.1999,12(4):54-58
    28 陈改荣.盐沉淀法从胡萝卜渣中提取果胶的工艺.食品科学.1997,(7):38-40
    29 郑建仙,耿立萍.利用苜蓿弃渣制备膳食纤维的研究.食品工业.1995,(3):6-8
    30 郑建仙,丁霄霖.香菇膳食纤维的研究.食品与发酵工业.1995,(3):1-10
    31 李来好,杨贤庆.用正交设计法提取马尾藻高活性膳食纤维.湛江海洋大学学报.1998,18(2):39-43
    32 朱新贵,郭勇等.从玫瑰茄废弃细胞中提取食用纤维的研究.食品科学.1998,19(4):20-22
    33 李来好,杨贤庆,陈培基等.麒麟菜高活性膳食纤维的提取与功能性试验.湛江海洋大学学报.1999,20(2):28-33
    34 E A Tosi, E Re, et al. Dietary fiber obtained from amaranth (Amaranthus Cruenrus) grain by differential milling. Food Chemistry. 2001, (73): 441-443
    35 曹树稳,黄绍华,温辉梁.藜蒿膳食纤维的制备、组成及性能研究.中国食品添加剂.1996,(4):7-11
    36 Dizezak J D. Single and twin screw extruders in food processing. Food Technol. 1989, 43 (4): 164-174
    
    
    37 Valiene C, et al. Roasting effects on dietary fiber composition of cocoa beans. Food Sci 1994, (1): 123-124
    38 姚晓玲,宋卫江.大豆膳食纤维在广式月饼陷中的应用.食品工业.1997,(6):25-26
    39 陈美珍,余杰,黄卫平.大豆膳食纤维在面包生产中的应用.食品工业.1999,(6):26-28
    40 赵利.苹果皮果胶提取条件的研究.食品与发酵工业.1993,(5):6-14
    41 何伟,朱彬.玉米芯制备高纤维添加粉的研究.食品科学.1993,161(5):42-43
    42 伍立居,李平.从玉米皮及豆皮中制取食用纤维的研究.食品与发酵工业.1996,(5):44-48
    43 苹果渣综合利用探索.食品工业.1987,(3):61-63
    44 陈复生,翟俊仁等.脱脂米糠膳食纤维制备工艺的研究.郑州粮食学院学报.1997,18(3):75-80
    45 中华人民共和国国家标准GBn246—85食品添加剂——果胶
    46 凌关庭.食品添加剂手册.第二版.北京:化学工业出版社,1996
    47 吴东儒等.糖类的生物化学.北京:高等教育出版社,1987
    48 李雄彪.植物细胞壁.北京:北京大学出版社,1993
    49 许冬生.纤维素衍生物.北京:化学工业出版社,2001
    50 宁正祥,赵谋明.食品生物化学.广州:华南理工大学出版社,1995
    51 王遂,李洁.可溶性膳食纤维提取工艺的研究.食品科学.1999,(7):38-40
    52 邵梦欣,陈洪潮,于建忠.从胡萝卜中连续提取胡萝卜素、果胶、食用纤维的工艺研究.食品与发酵工业.1996,(1):41-45
    53 郑建仙,耿立萍.膳食纤维分析方法的简化.营养学报.1997,19(2):207-211
    54 张小玲.果胶的咔唑硫酸分光光度测定法研究.甘肃农业大学学报.1999,34(1):75-78
    55 胡慰望,谢笔钧.食品化学.北京:科学出版社,1992
    56 中山大学生物系生化微生物学教研室.生化技术导论.北京:人民教育出版社,1979
    57 杨玉玲,杨晓蓉,王晔峰等.利用玉米秸芯研制膳食纤维.冷饮与速冻食品工艺.2000,(4):10-12
    58 陈魁.应用概率统计.北京:清华大学出版社,2000
    59 肖凯军,陈健,郭祀远等.甘薯淀粉的脱色研究.粮食与饲料工业.1998,(4):38-39

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700