水电站坝体廊道引风降温效应模型实验
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摘要
“十一五”时期,全国新增水电装机容量7300万千瓦,水电站主厂房空调系统的耗能为水电站建筑能耗的重要组成部分。水电站坝体廊道具有天然的冷却功能,利用坝体廊道自然能对水电站主厂房的送风进行预处理的通风空调设计方案具有现实意义。
本文以水电站坝体廊道通风系统为研究对象,简化坝体廊道的实际物理结构,根据相似性原理在实验室内搭建了实验台。以长10m,外径为50mm,壁厚为3mm的圆形截面有机玻璃管深埋于沙土中模拟实际坝体廊道,端部接送风机和空气加热系统,对模拟廊道内通风。利用数据采集系统实时检测通风管道内的温度场变化。考虑坝体廊道内壁具有一定粗糙度的实际情况,利用粘沙法对通风管内表面进行了变粗糙度处理,研究了0.5mm,1.0mm,2.0mm三种绝对粗糙度,通过调节送风参数,分析了影响坝体廊道与流经空气换热的因素。
实验的结果表明,水电站坝体廊道对流经的空气有一定的冷却作用,空气的冷却效率受到廊道结构和通风参数等因素的影响。通过对实验数据的分析,得到了廊道内表面粗糙度对空气冷却效率的影响程度。同一测点,在设置的粗糙度范围内,相对粗糙度越大,冷却效率越高:风速在1.5m/s时,相对粗糙度增加一倍,冷却效率最大可增加6%;风速在1.0m/s时,相对粗糙度增加一倍,冷却效率最大可增加8%;风速在0.5m/s时,相对粗糙度增加一倍,冷却效率最大可增加10%。
In the"11th Five-Year Plan" period,the new hydropower will be installed in a capacity of 73 million kilowatts,the energy-consuming of air-conditioning system of main building is an important component of energy consumption in hydropower stations.The underground tunnels in Hydropower dam have cooling function,the design which using the cooling function of the dam underground tunnel of hydropower station for the pretreatment of ventilation has the practical significance for the energy-saving.
To the ventilation system of Hydropower Dam underground tunnel as the study object, simplifying the physical structure of actual dam tunnel,following the principle of similar,building the test-bed in the laboratory,using a 10 m long organic Glass tube buried in the sand simulating the actual underground tunnel of hydropower station,the diameter of the tube is 50 mm to 3 mm thickness,the blast fan and air heating system using for the ventilation, using the data acquisition system to collected the temperature changes of the ventilation pipe real-time.According to the actual situation of the tunnel,adding the surface roughness of pipe using sand.Change the roughness for 0.5mm,1.0mm,2.0mm,By adjusting the air supply parameters,analysis of the impact factors of heat exchanger between the dam and the air which flowing through the tunnel.
The results show that the underground tunnel of hydropower stations have a certain cooling effect on the running through air,and the cooling efficiency is affected by many factors which are the structure of the tunnel,the ventilation parameters and so on.Based on the analysis of experimental data,we obtained how the surface roughness impact the efficiency of cooling effect.The same measurement points,within the roughness which we set in this experiment,the greater the relative roughness,the higher the cooling efficiency:when the wind speed 1.5 m/s, the relative roughness doubled,the largest increase of cooling efficiency is 6 percent,;the wind speed is the 1.0 m/s,doubling the relative roughness,the largest increase of cooling efficiency is 8 percent,the wind speed 0.5 m/s,the relative roughness doubled,the largest increase of cooling efficiency by 10%.
本文以水电站坝体廊道通风系统为研究对象,简化坝体廊道的实际物理结构,根据相似性原理在实验室内搭建了实验台。以长10m,外径为50mm,壁厚为3mm的圆形截面有机玻璃管深埋于沙土中模拟实际坝体廊道,端部接送风机和空气加热系统,对模拟廊道内通风。利用数据采集系统实时检测通风管道内的温度场变化。考虑坝体廊道内壁具有一定粗糙度的实际情况,利用粘沙法对通风管内表面进行了变粗糙度处理,研究了0.5mm,1.0mm,2.0mm三种绝对粗糙度,通过调节送风参数,分析了影响坝体廊道与流经空气换热的因素。
实验的结果表明,水电站坝体廊道对流经的空气有一定的冷却作用,空气的冷却效率受到廊道结构和通风参数等因素的影响。通过对实验数据的分析,得到了廊道内表面粗糙度对空气冷却效率的影响程度。同一测点,在设置的粗糙度范围内,相对粗糙度越大,冷却效率越高:风速在1.5m/s时,相对粗糙度增加一倍,冷却效率最大可增加6%;风速在1.0m/s时,相对粗糙度增加一倍,冷却效率最大可增加8%;风速在0.5m/s时,相对粗糙度增加一倍,冷却效率最大可增加10%。
In the"11th Five-Year Plan" period,the new hydropower will be installed in a capacity of 73 million kilowatts,the energy-consuming of air-conditioning system of main building is an important component of energy consumption in hydropower stations.The underground tunnels in Hydropower dam have cooling function,the design which using the cooling function of the dam underground tunnel of hydropower station for the pretreatment of ventilation has the practical significance for the energy-saving.
To the ventilation system of Hydropower Dam underground tunnel as the study object, simplifying the physical structure of actual dam tunnel,following the principle of similar,building the test-bed in the laboratory,using a 10 m long organic Glass tube buried in the sand simulating the actual underground tunnel of hydropower station,the diameter of the tube is 50 mm to 3 mm thickness,the blast fan and air heating system using for the ventilation, using the data acquisition system to collected the temperature changes of the ventilation pipe real-time.According to the actual situation of the tunnel,adding the surface roughness of pipe using sand.Change the roughness for 0.5mm,1.0mm,2.0mm,By adjusting the air supply parameters,analysis of the impact factors of heat exchanger between the dam and the air which flowing through the tunnel.
The results show that the underground tunnel of hydropower stations have a certain cooling effect on the running through air,and the cooling efficiency is affected by many factors which are the structure of the tunnel,the ventilation parameters and so on.Based on the analysis of experimental data,we obtained how the surface roughness impact the efficiency of cooling effect.The same measurement points,within the roughness which we set in this experiment,the greater the relative roughness,the higher the cooling efficiency:when the wind speed 1.5 m/s, the relative roughness doubled,the largest increase of cooling efficiency is 6 percent,;the wind speed is the 1.0 m/s,doubling the relative roughness,the largest increase of cooling efficiency is 8 percent,the wind speed 0.5 m/s,the relative roughness doubled,the largest increase of cooling efficiency by 10%.
引文
[1]李志浩:基于建筑节能的暖通空调节能措施,电力需求侧管理,6(4),49-50,2004
[2]卜增文,刘俊跃:基于LEED标准的绿色建筑空调系统设计,暖通空调,34(2),22-26,2004
[3]罗志文,刘威李静:可再生能源在暖通空调中的应用分析,哈尔滨工业大学市政环境工程学院《环保与节能》2005年5月
[4]涂逢祥:建筑节能技术.北京:中国计划出版社
[5]徐伟空:建筑能耗及节能.第二届中国制冷空调行业发展论坛.2005.4.1
[6]赵朝晖,吴会军,朱冬生等:可再生能源在空调制冷中的应用.制冷,2003(4)
[7]王志毅,谷波等:廊道风空调改善猪舍热环境初探.地下空间,2002(2)
[8]付祥钊:水电站地下主厂房顶送风研究,暖通空调,1996(1)
[9]杨述仁等:地下水电站厂房设计,水力水电出版社,1993
[10]长江流域规划办公室枢纽处古田溪水电站,水电站厂房通风、空调和采暖,1984
[11]田忠保等:地下高大厂房气流组织模化试验研究,通风除尘,1996(1)
[12]付祥钊:水电站地下主厂房顶送风研究,暖通空调,1996(1)
[13]田忠保:水电站地下主厂房顶部送风气流组织试验,西北水电,1996(1)
[14]龙天渝等:水电站地下主厂房通风气流组织的数值模拟,建筑热能通风空调,2000(4)
[15]刘洪敏,李安桂:龙滩水电站空调系统方案分析比选,西安建筑科技大学硕士论文
[16]王丹宁:空气经地下风道降温的动态模拟与分析哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文
[17]Girja Sharan,Ratan Jadhav:Performance of Single Pass earth-Tube Heat Exchanger:An Experimental Study,No 2003-01-07,IIMA Working Papers from Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad,Research and Publication Department
[18]Wu P,Little WA:Measurement of friction factors for the flow of gases in very fine channels used for microminiature Joule-Thomson refrigerators.Cryogenics 1983;23:273-7.
[19]Kandlikar SG,Joshi S,Tian S:Effect of channel roughness on heat Wansfer and fluid flow characteristics at low Reynolds numbers insmall diameter robes.In:Proc of 35th national heat transfer conference,Anaheim CA,USA,2001,paper 12134.
[20]S.Shen,J.L.Xu *,J.J.Zhou,Y.Chen:Flow and heat transfer in microchannels with rough wall surface Energy Conversion and Management 47(2006)1311-1325
[21]牟灵泉:廊道风降温与计算中国建筑工业出版社,19-22,28-30,34-35,85
[22]戴章艳:廊道通风换热过程分析—景洪、糯扎渡水电站坝体廊道通风理论与数值模拟研究,西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文,2006
[23]黄福其等:地下工程热工计算方法,中国建筑科学研究院建筑物理研究所,8-9
[24]赵鸿佐:地下建筑通风热计算公式,西安冶金建筑学院,西安冶金建筑学院技术情报资料第7303号,1973
[25]蔡增基:流体力学(第四版)中国建筑工业出版社1999
[26]http://www.pkuschool.com/ask/q.asp?qid=246417
[27]徐华太,热式风速仪的原理与应用,山东省计量科学研究院
[28]吕崇德等,热工参数测量与处理,清华大学出版社,83,88
[29]http://www.zidonghua.com.cn/gongqiu/infodetail.asp?id=8349
[30]Jens Pfafferott:Evaluation of earth-to-air heat exchangers with a standardized method to calculate energy efficiency,Energy and Buildings 35(2003)971-983,paper,981
[31]Walid chakroun,Robert Taylor,Wesfin medhin investigate of the effect of a smooth strip on tough-wall turbulent boundary layers,Ine,J,Heat and Fluid Flow,Vol.16,No.3,june1995,paper169
[32]郑洁,李百毅,王飞:某电站通风实验模型及在线数据采集系统的设计,顺德职业技术学院学报,2005年12月
[33]王海龙,刘小兵:水电站坝体廊道温降效应数值模拟,暖通空调HV&AC,2006年第36卷第9期
[34]刘琦,孙斌祥,徐学祖等:透壁通风管路堤降温效应的室内试验研究岩,土工程学报,2006年9月
[35]徐维祥:空调系统的发展与节能,宁夏科技工程技术版,45
[36]王志毅,谷波,郑钢:地道风空调改善猪舍热环境初探,地下空间,2002年6月,第2期,第22卷,165-166
[37]田思进:地下通风渗流参数测定的模拟实验设计,上海应用技术学院学报,2003年9月,第3期,第3卷,153-154
[2]卜增文,刘俊跃:基于LEED标准的绿色建筑空调系统设计,暖通空调,34(2),22-26,2004
[3]罗志文,刘威李静:可再生能源在暖通空调中的应用分析,哈尔滨工业大学市政环境工程学院《环保与节能》2005年5月
[4]涂逢祥:建筑节能技术.北京:中国计划出版社
[5]徐伟空:建筑能耗及节能.第二届中国制冷空调行业发展论坛.2005.4.1
[6]赵朝晖,吴会军,朱冬生等:可再生能源在空调制冷中的应用.制冷,2003(4)
[7]王志毅,谷波等:廊道风空调改善猪舍热环境初探.地下空间,2002(2)
[8]付祥钊:水电站地下主厂房顶送风研究,暖通空调,1996(1)
[9]杨述仁等:地下水电站厂房设计,水力水电出版社,1993
[10]长江流域规划办公室枢纽处古田溪水电站,水电站厂房通风、空调和采暖,1984
[11]田忠保等:地下高大厂房气流组织模化试验研究,通风除尘,1996(1)
[12]付祥钊:水电站地下主厂房顶送风研究,暖通空调,1996(1)
[13]田忠保:水电站地下主厂房顶部送风气流组织试验,西北水电,1996(1)
[14]龙天渝等:水电站地下主厂房通风气流组织的数值模拟,建筑热能通风空调,2000(4)
[15]刘洪敏,李安桂:龙滩水电站空调系统方案分析比选,西安建筑科技大学硕士论文
[16]王丹宁:空气经地下风道降温的动态模拟与分析哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文
[17]Girja Sharan,Ratan Jadhav:Performance of Single Pass earth-Tube Heat Exchanger:An Experimental Study,No 2003-01-07,IIMA Working Papers from Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad,Research and Publication Department
[18]Wu P,Little WA:Measurement of friction factors for the flow of gases in very fine channels used for microminiature Joule-Thomson refrigerators.Cryogenics 1983;23:273-7.
[19]Kandlikar SG,Joshi S,Tian S:Effect of channel roughness on heat Wansfer and fluid flow characteristics at low Reynolds numbers insmall diameter robes.In:Proc of 35th national heat transfer conference,Anaheim CA,USA,2001,paper 12134.
[20]S.Shen,J.L.Xu *,J.J.Zhou,Y.Chen:Flow and heat transfer in microchannels with rough wall surface Energy Conversion and Management 47(2006)1311-1325
[21]牟灵泉:廊道风降温与计算中国建筑工业出版社,19-22,28-30,34-35,85
[22]戴章艳:廊道通风换热过程分析—景洪、糯扎渡水电站坝体廊道通风理论与数值模拟研究,西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文,2006
[23]黄福其等:地下工程热工计算方法,中国建筑科学研究院建筑物理研究所,8-9
[24]赵鸿佐:地下建筑通风热计算公式,西安冶金建筑学院,西安冶金建筑学院技术情报资料第7303号,1973
[25]蔡增基:流体力学(第四版)中国建筑工业出版社1999
[26]http://www.pkuschool.com/ask/q.asp?qid=246417
[27]徐华太,热式风速仪的原理与应用,山东省计量科学研究院
[28]吕崇德等,热工参数测量与处理,清华大学出版社,83,88
[29]http://www.zidonghua.com.cn/gongqiu/infodetail.asp?id=8349
[30]Jens Pfafferott:Evaluation of earth-to-air heat exchangers with a standardized method to calculate energy efficiency,Energy and Buildings 35(2003)971-983,paper,981
[31]Walid chakroun,Robert Taylor,Wesfin medhin investigate of the effect of a smooth strip on tough-wall turbulent boundary layers,Ine,J,Heat and Fluid Flow,Vol.16,No.3,june1995,paper169
[32]郑洁,李百毅,王飞:某电站通风实验模型及在线数据采集系统的设计,顺德职业技术学院学报,2005年12月
[33]王海龙,刘小兵:水电站坝体廊道温降效应数值模拟,暖通空调HV&AC,2006年第36卷第9期
[34]刘琦,孙斌祥,徐学祖等:透壁通风管路堤降温效应的室内试验研究岩,土工程学报,2006年9月
[35]徐维祥:空调系统的发展与节能,宁夏科技工程技术版,45
[36]王志毅,谷波,郑钢:地道风空调改善猪舍热环境初探,地下空间,2002年6月,第2期,第22卷,165-166
[37]田思进:地下通风渗流参数测定的模拟实验设计,上海应用技术学院学报,2003年9月,第3期,第3卷,153-154