城市住区儿童活动场地规划设计研究
摘要
住区的儿童活动场地是住区户外活动空间的重要组成部分,是伴随儿童健康成长的活动空间,在儿童的日常活动中起着相当大的作用。儿童活动场地的设计的合理与否关系着住户对居住环境的满意程度和儿童日常活动的多少,所以在进行住区儿童活动场地设计时应全面考虑,站在儿童的角度,根据不同阶段的儿童心理、生理特征合理的设计儿童活动场地。
目前住区中儿童活动场地建设存在诸多问题：缺少足够的活动空间,特别为儿童考虑设计的活动空间更是缺乏；活动设施不丰富,在诸多住区设计中儿童活动场地的设计很简单,只是单一的布置一些游戏器械供儿童玩耍；由于没有特别为儿童考虑设计,许多住区中的景观设施让儿童误认为他们的游戏设施。由于这些景观小品尺度过大、过高及表面多棱角,这样对儿童自身的安全带来很大的隐患。
通过研究儿童的行为与其活动环境空间之间的相互关系,以及活动环境对儿童行为的影响。了解不同年龄段儿童的不同行为特点,及对环境的不同需求得出一套行之有效的对儿童活动场地设计方案。
本文针对目前国内住区户外儿童活动场地现状,从儿童心理行为学角度分析儿童游戏产生动机、心理行为、活动特征与空间需要,本文通过对城市住区的儿童活动场地进行实地走访调研,通过问卷与面对面访谈的形式收集了大量的第一手资料,对目前存在的问题详实的总结并加以分析,并从儿童活动场地的特征剖析、以及儿童活动的需求与场地的关系等内容进行阐述,深入分析儿童活动场地空间的具体情况,探索适合城市住区儿童活动场地规划设计的方法和基本原则。
Children's playground in residential outdoor is an important part of the outdoor activity space,accompanied by the growth of children's health,Play a significant role in daily activities. children's ctivity playground designning is merits rationality of households living environmen satisfaction and the number of children in daily activities,Therefore ,children's playground designning should be fully taken into account, Stand the perspective of children, According to the children at different stages of psychological,physiological characteristics and rational design of children's playgrounds.
Present settlements in the construction of the venue status of children is worrying. dominated by some of the problems:lack of space, settlements specifically designed for children consistent with their physiological and psychological scales and communication needs is a considerable lack, facilities single, many settlements simply set aside a space, some rough place to play and leisure facilities for children to do some mechanical activities; security risk, because the lack of specific venues and recreational facilities of a single, sports facilities into the space of children gather. scale of these sculptures and installations are often too large, too high and the surface more angular, For self-protection awareness of the weaker children, there is a serious security risk.
By studying the behavior of children and their activities, the relationship between environmental space, and activities affect the environment on children's behavior. Children of different ages to understand the different behavior characteristics, and the different needs of the environment on children draw a well-established venue design.
Based on the current situation in domestic residential area outdoors Playground at present, the author from the perspective of the Child psychics and behavioristics to analyse the motivation and character of children's psychology behavior and space requirement when they play in the open air. Expounding the basic principles of residential area described children's play space planning and designing.
目前住区中儿童活动场地建设存在诸多问题：缺少足够的活动空间,特别为儿童考虑设计的活动空间更是缺乏；活动设施不丰富,在诸多住区设计中儿童活动场地的设计很简单,只是单一的布置一些游戏器械供儿童玩耍；由于没有特别为儿童考虑设计,许多住区中的景观设施让儿童误认为他们的游戏设施。由于这些景观小品尺度过大、过高及表面多棱角,这样对儿童自身的安全带来很大的隐患。
通过研究儿童的行为与其活动环境空间之间的相互关系,以及活动环境对儿童行为的影响。了解不同年龄段儿童的不同行为特点,及对环境的不同需求得出一套行之有效的对儿童活动场地设计方案。
本文针对目前国内住区户外儿童活动场地现状,从儿童心理行为学角度分析儿童游戏产生动机、心理行为、活动特征与空间需要,本文通过对城市住区的儿童活动场地进行实地走访调研,通过问卷与面对面访谈的形式收集了大量的第一手资料,对目前存在的问题详实的总结并加以分析,并从儿童活动场地的特征剖析、以及儿童活动的需求与场地的关系等内容进行阐述,深入分析儿童活动场地空间的具体情况,探索适合城市住区儿童活动场地规划设计的方法和基本原则。
Children's playground in residential outdoor is an important part of the outdoor activity space,accompanied by the growth of children's health,Play a significant role in daily activities. children's ctivity playground designning is merits rationality of households living environmen satisfaction and the number of children in daily activities,Therefore ,children's playground designning should be fully taken into account, Stand the perspective of children, According to the children at different stages of psychological,physiological characteristics and rational design of children's playgrounds.
Present settlements in the construction of the venue status of children is worrying. dominated by some of the problems:lack of space, settlements specifically designed for children consistent with their physiological and psychological scales and communication needs is a considerable lack, facilities single, many settlements simply set aside a space, some rough place to play and leisure facilities for children to do some mechanical activities; security risk, because the lack of specific venues and recreational facilities of a single, sports facilities into the space of children gather. scale of these sculptures and installations are often too large, too high and the surface more angular, For self-protection awareness of the weaker children, there is a serious security risk.
By studying the behavior of children and their activities, the relationship between environmental space, and activities affect the environment on children's behavior. Children of different ages to understand the different behavior characteristics, and the different needs of the environment on children draw a well-established venue design.
Based on the current situation in domestic residential area outdoors Playground at present, the author from the perspective of the Child psychics and behavioristics to analyse the motivation and character of children's psychology behavior and space requirement when they play in the open air. Expounding the basic principles of residential area described children's play space planning and designing.
引文
[1].姚时章,王江萍著, 《城市居住外环境设计》,重庆大学出版社,2000年。
[2].朱智贤著, 《儿童心理学》,人民教育出版社,2003年。
[3].白德惫著, 《居住区规划与环境设计》,中国建筑工业出版社,1993年。
[4].李道增著, 《环境行为学概论》,清华大学出版社,2000年。
[5].方咸孚,李雄飞等著, 《居住区儿童游戏场地的规划与设计》,天津科学技术出版社,1986年。
[6].金涛,杨永胜著, 《居住区环境景观设计与营建》,中国城市出版社,2003年。
[7].[丹麦]扬·盖尔著,何人可译《交往与空间》,中国建筑工业出版社,2002年。
[8].[日]相马一郎、佐木顺彦, 《环境心理学》,北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1986
[9].刘滨谊, 《现代景观规划设计》,南京：东南大学出版社,1999.7
[10].张绮曼著, 《环境艺术设计与理论》,中国建筑工业出版社,1996年。
[11].[美]约翰·0·西蒙兹著,俞孔坚等译, 《景观设计学》,北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2000.8
[12].同济大学主编, 《城市规划原理》,北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1996
[13].[美]克莱尔·库伯·马库斯,卡罗琳·弗朗西斯著,愈孔坚,孙鹏,王志芳等译,《人性场所——城市开放空间设计导则》,中国建筑工业出版社,2001年。
[14].[美]凯文·林奇著,方宜萍,何晓军译《城市意向》,华夏出版社,2001年。
[15].[美]琳达·凯恩·鲁斯著, 《程谨译简洁图示—儿童建筑环境设计手册》中国建筑工业出版社,2003年。
[16].[美]拉特利奇,阿·丁著,王求是,高峰译《大众行为与公园设计》中国建筑工业出版社,1990年。
[17].《建筑设计资料集3》,中国建筑工业出版社,1994年。
[18].《城市规划资料集7》,中国建筑工业出版社,2005年。
[19]. Susan Herrington, Ken Studtmann, "dscape intervention:new directions for the design of children's outdoor play environments", 《Landscape and Urban Planning》,1998
[20]. Ingunn Fjortof, Jostein Sageie, "The natural environment as a playground for children landscape description and analyses of a natural playscape", 《Landscape and Urban Planning》,2000
[21]. Wilson, RuthA, Sally J. Kilmer, and Vicki Knauerhase, 《"Developing an Environmental Outdoor Play Space"》 KYoung Children,1996.9
[22]. [1]Senda, Design of Children's Play Environments, McGraw-Hill,1996.1
[23]. Joe L. Frost, Play and Playscapes, Wunan Publishing Co. Lmtd,1998
[24]. R. Trancik, Finding Lost Space, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Limited, New York,1986
[25]. Tommy Thompson Park, Public Urban Wilderness, Habitat Creation and Enhancement Projects,2000.3
[26]. Julia R. Nevarec-de Jesus, Landscapes of public value, a study of public space and safety in a New York City playground, Doctor Dissertation of City University of New York
[1].杨焰文等,儿童游戏场地系统规划探析,规划师,2001(1)
[2].徐雷蕾,章俊华著,“城市居住小区中户外游戏场地设计浅析”,《中国园林》,09/2005年。
[3].胡惠琴编译,“仙田满的儿童设施设计思想”,((建筑知识》,06/2002年。
[4].杨军著, “从‘认知心理学’的观点谈儿童游戏的心理机制”,《杭州师范学院学报》,07/1998年。
[5].李宇宏等,城市儿童游戏场空间构成研究,新建筑,1999(6)
[6].杨文宾,儿童游戏活动研究的历史和现状,昭乌达蒙族师专学报,23卷第5期
[7].戴双翔,尊重儿童是游戏开展的前提,教育导刊·幼儿教育,2000(6)
[8].刘焱等,建国以后儿童游戏发展的变化的特点、趋势及原因分析,学前教育研究,1999(4)
[9].刘晓东,儿童游戏新探,教育导刊·幼儿教育,2000(5)
[10].张庭华等,杜威儿童游戏理论在体育教育中的应用,海南师范学院学报,2004(3)
[11].陈维,残疾儿童建筑无障碍设计研究,时代建筑,1992(2)
[12].廖建军等,城市小型绿地中设置儿童活动区的探讨,湖南林业科技,2001(6)
[13].陈燕芬,儿童游乐区园林绿化布置浅析,广东园林,2003(3)
[14].贾建强,提高儿童公园生态环境质量的探讨,中国园林,1994(3)
[15].朱竹韵等,北京市街头绿地调查,中国园林,1995(1)
[16].胡思润等,幼儿园环境特征与儿童发展的关系初探,新建筑,1998(1)
[1].城市研究(http://www.urbanstudy.com)重庆大学硕士学位论文
[2].中国城市规划论坛(http://bj2.netsh.com/bbs)
[3].中国城市规划行业信息网(http://www.china-up.com)
[4].ABBS建筑论坛(http://www.abbs.com.cn)
[5].中国建筑建设网(http://www.abcd.com.cn)
[6].超星图书馆(http://www.ssreader.com)
[7].中国普法网(http://www.legalinfo.gov.cn)
[2].朱智贤著, 《儿童心理学》,人民教育出版社,2003年。
[3].白德惫著, 《居住区规划与环境设计》,中国建筑工业出版社,1993年。
[4].李道增著, 《环境行为学概论》,清华大学出版社,2000年。
[5].方咸孚,李雄飞等著, 《居住区儿童游戏场地的规划与设计》,天津科学技术出版社,1986年。
[6].金涛,杨永胜著, 《居住区环境景观设计与营建》,中国城市出版社,2003年。
[7].[丹麦]扬·盖尔著,何人可译《交往与空间》,中国建筑工业出版社,2002年。
[8].[日]相马一郎、佐木顺彦, 《环境心理学》,北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1986
[9].刘滨谊, 《现代景观规划设计》,南京：东南大学出版社,1999.7
[10].张绮曼著, 《环境艺术设计与理论》,中国建筑工业出版社,1996年。
[11].[美]约翰·0·西蒙兹著,俞孔坚等译, 《景观设计学》,北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2000.8
[12].同济大学主编, 《城市规划原理》,北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1996
[13].[美]克莱尔·库伯·马库斯,卡罗琳·弗朗西斯著,愈孔坚,孙鹏,王志芳等译,《人性场所——城市开放空间设计导则》,中国建筑工业出版社,2001年。
[14].[美]凯文·林奇著,方宜萍,何晓军译《城市意向》,华夏出版社,2001年。
[15].[美]琳达·凯恩·鲁斯著, 《程谨译简洁图示—儿童建筑环境设计手册》中国建筑工业出版社,2003年。
[16].[美]拉特利奇,阿·丁著,王求是,高峰译《大众行为与公园设计》中国建筑工业出版社,1990年。
[17].《建筑设计资料集3》,中国建筑工业出版社,1994年。
[18].《城市规划资料集7》,中国建筑工业出版社,2005年。
[19]. Susan Herrington, Ken Studtmann, "dscape intervention:new directions for the design of children's outdoor play environments", 《Landscape and Urban Planning》,1998
[20]. Ingunn Fjortof, Jostein Sageie, "The natural environment as a playground for children landscape description and analyses of a natural playscape", 《Landscape and Urban Planning》,2000
[21]. Wilson, RuthA, Sally J. Kilmer, and Vicki Knauerhase, 《"Developing an Environmental Outdoor Play Space"》 KYoung Children,1996.9
[22]. [1]Senda, Design of Children's Play Environments, McGraw-Hill,1996.1
[23]. Joe L. Frost, Play and Playscapes, Wunan Publishing Co. Lmtd,1998
[24]. R. Trancik, Finding Lost Space, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Limited, New York,1986
[25]. Tommy Thompson Park, Public Urban Wilderness, Habitat Creation and Enhancement Projects,2000.3
[26]. Julia R. Nevarec-de Jesus, Landscapes of public value, a study of public space and safety in a New York City playground, Doctor Dissertation of City University of New York
[1].杨焰文等,儿童游戏场地系统规划探析,规划师,2001(1)
[2].徐雷蕾,章俊华著,“城市居住小区中户外游戏场地设计浅析”,《中国园林》,09/2005年。
[3].胡惠琴编译,“仙田满的儿童设施设计思想”,((建筑知识》,06/2002年。
[4].杨军著, “从‘认知心理学’的观点谈儿童游戏的心理机制”,《杭州师范学院学报》,07/1998年。
[5].李宇宏等,城市儿童游戏场空间构成研究,新建筑,1999(6)
[6].杨文宾,儿童游戏活动研究的历史和现状,昭乌达蒙族师专学报,23卷第5期
[7].戴双翔,尊重儿童是游戏开展的前提,教育导刊·幼儿教育,2000(6)
[8].刘焱等,建国以后儿童游戏发展的变化的特点、趋势及原因分析,学前教育研究,1999(4)
[9].刘晓东,儿童游戏新探,教育导刊·幼儿教育,2000(5)
[10].张庭华等,杜威儿童游戏理论在体育教育中的应用,海南师范学院学报,2004(3)
[11].陈维,残疾儿童建筑无障碍设计研究,时代建筑,1992(2)
[12].廖建军等,城市小型绿地中设置儿童活动区的探讨,湖南林业科技,2001(6)
[13].陈燕芬,儿童游乐区园林绿化布置浅析,广东园林,2003(3)
[14].贾建强,提高儿童公园生态环境质量的探讨,中国园林,1994(3)
[15].朱竹韵等,北京市街头绿地调查,中国园林,1995(1)
[16].胡思润等,幼儿园环境特征与儿童发展的关系初探,新建筑,1998(1)
[1].城市研究(http://www.urbanstudy.com)重庆大学硕士学位论文
[2].中国城市规划论坛(http://bj2.netsh.com/bbs)
[3].中国城市规划行业信息网(http://www.china-up.com)
[4].ABBS建筑论坛(http://www.abbs.com.cn)
[5].中国建筑建设网(http://www.abcd.com.cn)
[6].超星图书馆(http://www.ssreader.com)
[7].中国普法网(http://www.legalinfo.gov.cn)