绿园道空间与游憩活动类型及体验之关系研究
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摘要
空间地理学理论认为人们通过游憩活动行为获得游憩活动的体验与景观空间的感知。本论文通过探究绿园道上的使用者对其所从事的游憩行为的选择和评价与其对绿园道使用率方面的关系,研究如何通过与游客不同类型游憩活动相配合,对已有的绿园道景观空间加以改善,以使公众效益最大化。
研究者采用现场踏勘和问卷调查等研究方法,对台中市绿园道系统中最具有特色的两条园道进行数据收集、分析与研究。研究的结论是：台中市的绿园道系统仍然不能够满足市民的需求。而从目前市民对其在绿园道上从事的活动的选择和评价来看,还是可以获得游客活动体验与公共绿地景观空间设计形式相关的联系。这些研究成果都值得景观设计师在未来的公共绿地景观规划和设计中借鉴。
The space geography theory insist that people get activities experience and landscape architecture space sense through doing some recreational activities. Through researching the relationship of the choice of recreational activities and the evaluation of these experiences with the greenway utilization, we can discuss how to improve greenway space to maximize the public profit.
Using the field research, survey and other methods, researcher study two greenway projects in Taichung, then collect, analyze and research the data. The result is that the greenway space isn't enough for the citizens' need. However, by analyzing the data of greenway space users'recreational activities choice and evaluation, researcher also get some relationship between the activity experiences and greenway space design. These results reflection different relationships between greenway space users and open space design. Landscape architecture designer can take advantage of this research achievement to plan and design the public open space.
研究者采用现场踏勘和问卷调查等研究方法,对台中市绿园道系统中最具有特色的两条园道进行数据收集、分析与研究。研究的结论是：台中市的绿园道系统仍然不能够满足市民的需求。而从目前市民对其在绿园道上从事的活动的选择和评价来看,还是可以获得游客活动体验与公共绿地景观空间设计形式相关的联系。这些研究成果都值得景观设计师在未来的公共绿地景观规划和设计中借鉴。
The space geography theory insist that people get activities experience and landscape architecture space sense through doing some recreational activities. Through researching the relationship of the choice of recreational activities and the evaluation of these experiences with the greenway utilization, we can discuss how to improve greenway space to maximize the public profit.
Using the field research, survey and other methods, researcher study two greenway projects in Taichung, then collect, analyze and research the data. The result is that the greenway space isn't enough for the citizens' need. However, by analyzing the data of greenway space users'recreational activities choice and evaluation, researcher also get some relationship between the activity experiences and greenway space design. These results reflection different relationships between greenway space users and open space design. Landscape architecture designer can take advantage of this research achievement to plan and design the public open space.
引文
陈宗玄、张瑞琇(2008)。休闲游憩产业概论。台北：杨智文化。
陈丽如(1994)游客对海滩游憩区环境属性之研究-垦丁国家公园南湾海滩游憩区为例。逢甲大学建筑与都市计划所硕士论文。
李明宗(1988)。户外游憩名词解释。户外游憩研究,1(1),83-86页
李晶审译(2000)。Cordes, K.A.,& Ibrahi, H.M着(1999)。休闲游憩事业概论(Applications in recreation & leisure:for today and the future,2nd ed.)。台北：麦格罗希尔。
林庆怡、陈朝晖、邓华译(2004),Kevin Lynch着,优质城市形态。台北市：六合。
林宜慧(2009)台中市绿园道步行空间分析与研究。国立中兴大学园艺学研究所,硕士学位论文。
林怡秀(2008)都市绿园道发展之探讨-以台中市为例。逢甲大学都市计划学系硕士班硕士论文。
郭琼莹(2003)水与绿网络规划：理论与实务。詹氏书局。
倪进诚(2000)外在作用力行塑下观光空间的游客行为之研究——以澎湖离岛为例。台湾大学地理环境资源所博士论文。
倪进诚(1992)土地利用对于游憩资源及其使用者影响之研究——以桃源海岸地区为例,台湾大学地理环境资源所硕士论文。
聂忠儒(1998)九寨沟国内旅游者行为特征初步研究及其意义。自然资源学报。13(3)：1-10。
欧圣荣(2007)休闲游憩：理论与实务。新北市,前程文化事业有限公司。32-33页
邵念安(2005)游客游憩体验之研究—以柴山自然公园为例。国立台北科技大学建筑与都市设计研究所硕士学位论文。
施添福(1990)地理学中的空间观点。师大地理学研究报告。16：115-129
宋伯钦译(1999),Kevin Lynch着,都市意象。台北：台隆书店。
田家驹(2002)生态旅游地区游客环境知觉与行为之研究。台湾大学地理环境资源所硕士论文。
王洪文(1988)地理思想。台北：明文书局。
王锦堂(1997)建筑研究方法-基础篇。基隆书店。
王秀娟(2002)绿地计划之理论与实践。田园城市文化
王译钟(2008)都市绿地作为环境教育场域之空间及活动模式应用研究—以桃园县立虎头山公园为例。中原大学建筑学系硕士学位论文。
王昭正、黄章展、林宗贤、刘以聪译(2007)。Smith, S.L.J.着(1946/2007)。休闲游憩专业字典(Dictionary of concepts in recreation and leisure studies)。台北：品度。
温卿副(2008)。假日户外游憩吸引力、服务品质与忠诚度之研究——以坪林乡露营区为例。国立台湾师范大学体育系硕士论文。
吴宗旗、王伟琴(2009)。户外游憩管理。台北：华都文化。
萧瑞贞(1998)游客重游行为与其对游乐区属性忠诚度关系之研究：以剑山湖世界为例。逢甲大学土地管理所硕士论文。
叶智魁(2003)西方古典休闲哲学之探析：Josef Pieper的休闲观。户外游憩研究,11(2),61-81页。
叶智魁(2006)。休闲研究——休闲观鱼休闲专论。台北：品度。
张嘉玲(2004)台中市都市空间体系的建筑与扩展。国力成功大学建筑研究所硕士论文。
张长义(1977)环境知觉与自然灾害之研究。中国地理学会会刊。5：56-60
张长义(1993)兰阳平阳洪患区土地利用灾害知觉及环境调查之研究(三)。台湾地区行政院国家科学委员会专题研究计划成果报告。
张启良(1987)游憩品质之研究——以森林游憩区为例。成功大学建筑所硕士论文。
周金玉(2007)。绿色运具游客知觉与行为之研究——以八里左岸自行车道为例。国立台湾大学理学院地理环境资源研究所硕士论文。
台湾地区内政部营建署(2006)市区道路生态绿廊道整体建构计划。台湾地区内政部营建署
Arslan, M., Erodogan & E. Dilaver Z., (2001) Greenways and the making of urban form:Ankara city, In:Asian Places in the New Millennium:Proceedings of 38th Conference International Federation of Landscape Architecture, Singapore.
Baljon Lodewijk (1992), Designing Parks, Amsterdam:Architecture & Natura Press.
Bredow K.W. (2006). Gathering Spaces:Designing places for adolescents, Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Master of Landscape Architecture.
Charles E. Little (1990). Greenways for America, Baltimore:John Hopkins University Press.
Downs, R.M. (1979) Geographic Space Perception:Past Approaches and Future Prospects, Progress in Geography,3:65-108.
Evan D. Richert AICIP & Mark B. Lapping Guest Editors (1998):Ebenezer Howard and the Garden City,Journal of the American Planning Association,64:2,125-127
Fine S.M. (2005). Contextual learning within the residential outdoor experience:a case study of a summer camp community in Ontario. Doctor of Philosophy, University of Toronto.
Fabos, J.G., (2004) Greenway planning in the United State:its origins and recent case study, Landscape Urban Plan.
Fuller, R.A. and Gaston, K.J. (2009).The scaling of green space coverage in European cities.Biol Lett,5, pp.52-355
Godbey, G. (2003).Leisure in your life:An exploration(6th ed,). State College, PA:Venture Publishing Inc.
Gobster, P.H., (1995). Perceptions and use of a metropolitan greenway system for recreation. Landscape Urban Plan.33,401-413.
Golledge, R.G. and Stimson, R.J. (1987) Analytical Behaviour Geography, New York:Croom Helm.
Heather E. Wright Wendela, Rebecca K. Zargerb, James R. Mihelcica(2012). Accessibility and usability:Green space preferences, perceptions, and barriers in a rapidly urbanizing city in Latin America. Landscape and Urban Planning 107 (2012) 272-282.
Jacobs, A.B., M. Elizabeth and R. Yodan, (2002) The boulevard book:history, evolution, design of multiway boulevards. Cambridge, Mass.:MIT Press.
Johan H.A. Meeus(1985), PLANTS/PEOPLE/AND ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY, U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Washington, D.C.
Jim, C.Y., (2004). Green-space preservation and allocation for sustainable greening of compact cities. Cities 21,311-320.
Jim C.Y., Wendy Y. Chen, (2006). Recreation-amenity use and contingent valuation of urban greenspaces in Guangzhou, China. Landscape and Urban Planning 75 (2006) 81-96
Kaplan, R., Kaplan, S., (1989). The Experience of Nature:A Psychological Perspective. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Kraus, R. (1977). Recreation Today:Program Planning and Leadership. Santa Monica, Calif: Goodeyear..
Kirk, W (1951) Historical Geography and Concept of the Behavioral Environment, Indian Geographical Journal,125:152-160.
Lee, B.K.,1999. The dynamic nature of emotions during a trailbased leisure experience:an application of affect control theory (ACT). Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Department of Recreation, Park and Tourism Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.
Manning, R.E. (1986). Studies in outdoor recreation:search and research for Satisfaction. Corvallis, OR:Oregon State University Press.
Mitchell, Bruce (1989) Geography and Resource Analysis.2nd ed., London:Loman.
Parsons Kermit C. (1998):Clarence Stein's Variations on the Garden City Theme by Ebenezer Howard, Journal of the American Planning Association,64:2,129-130
Robert M. Seams, (1995). The evolution of greenways as an adaptive urban landscape form. Landscape and Urban Planning 33 (1995) 65-80
Shafer, C. Scott, Bong Koo Leea, Shawn Turnerb,2000. A tale of three greenway trails:user perceptions related to quality of life. Landscape and Urban Planning 49 (2000) 163-178.
Sonnenfeld, J. (1968) Geography, Perception and the Behavioral Environment, English, P.W. and Mayfield, R.C. ed., Man, Space and Environment, New York:Oxford University Press.
Steenbergen Clemens(1993), The Formal Strategy and Grammar of Landscape Architecture, Amsterdam:Modern Park Design
Smith, M.P. and Guarnizo, L.E. (2009). Global mobility, shifting borders and urban citizenship. Tijdschr Econ Soc Geogr,100, pp.610-622
Tugba, Duzenli, Elif, Bayramoglu and Ali, Ozbilen. (2010) Needs and preferences of adolescents in open urban. Scientific Research and Essay Vol.5 (2), pp.201-216,18 January.
Walmsley (1995) Greenways and the making of urban form. Landscape and Urban Planning 33 (1995)81-127.
Woolley H, Johns R (2001). Skateboarding:the city as playground. J.Urban Design.6:211-230.
Willemse, L. (2010). Community/neighbourhood park use in Cape Town:A classdifferentiated analysis. MA Thesis, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
陈丽如(1994)游客对海滩游憩区环境属性之研究-垦丁国家公园南湾海滩游憩区为例。逢甲大学建筑与都市计划所硕士论文。
李明宗(1988)。户外游憩名词解释。户外游憩研究,1(1),83-86页
李晶审译(2000)。Cordes, K.A.,& Ibrahi, H.M着(1999)。休闲游憩事业概论(Applications in recreation & leisure:for today and the future,2nd ed.)。台北：麦格罗希尔。
林庆怡、陈朝晖、邓华译(2004),Kevin Lynch着,优质城市形态。台北市：六合。
林宜慧(2009)台中市绿园道步行空间分析与研究。国立中兴大学园艺学研究所,硕士学位论文。
林怡秀(2008)都市绿园道发展之探讨-以台中市为例。逢甲大学都市计划学系硕士班硕士论文。
郭琼莹(2003)水与绿网络规划：理论与实务。詹氏书局。
倪进诚(2000)外在作用力行塑下观光空间的游客行为之研究——以澎湖离岛为例。台湾大学地理环境资源所博士论文。
倪进诚(1992)土地利用对于游憩资源及其使用者影响之研究——以桃源海岸地区为例,台湾大学地理环境资源所硕士论文。
聂忠儒(1998)九寨沟国内旅游者行为特征初步研究及其意义。自然资源学报。13(3)：1-10。
欧圣荣(2007)休闲游憩：理论与实务。新北市,前程文化事业有限公司。32-33页
邵念安(2005)游客游憩体验之研究—以柴山自然公园为例。国立台北科技大学建筑与都市设计研究所硕士学位论文。
施添福(1990)地理学中的空间观点。师大地理学研究报告。16：115-129
宋伯钦译(1999),Kevin Lynch着,都市意象。台北：台隆书店。
田家驹(2002)生态旅游地区游客环境知觉与行为之研究。台湾大学地理环境资源所硕士论文。
王洪文(1988)地理思想。台北：明文书局。
王锦堂(1997)建筑研究方法-基础篇。基隆书店。
王秀娟(2002)绿地计划之理论与实践。田园城市文化
王译钟(2008)都市绿地作为环境教育场域之空间及活动模式应用研究—以桃园县立虎头山公园为例。中原大学建筑学系硕士学位论文。
王昭正、黄章展、林宗贤、刘以聪译(2007)。Smith, S.L.J.着(1946/2007)。休闲游憩专业字典(Dictionary of concepts in recreation and leisure studies)。台北：品度。
温卿副(2008)。假日户外游憩吸引力、服务品质与忠诚度之研究——以坪林乡露营区为例。国立台湾师范大学体育系硕士论文。
吴宗旗、王伟琴(2009)。户外游憩管理。台北：华都文化。
萧瑞贞(1998)游客重游行为与其对游乐区属性忠诚度关系之研究：以剑山湖世界为例。逢甲大学土地管理所硕士论文。
叶智魁(2003)西方古典休闲哲学之探析：Josef Pieper的休闲观。户外游憩研究,11(2),61-81页。
叶智魁(2006)。休闲研究——休闲观鱼休闲专论。台北：品度。
张嘉玲(2004)台中市都市空间体系的建筑与扩展。国力成功大学建筑研究所硕士论文。
张长义(1977)环境知觉与自然灾害之研究。中国地理学会会刊。5：56-60
张长义(1993)兰阳平阳洪患区土地利用灾害知觉及环境调查之研究(三)。台湾地区行政院国家科学委员会专题研究计划成果报告。
张启良(1987)游憩品质之研究——以森林游憩区为例。成功大学建筑所硕士论文。
周金玉(2007)。绿色运具游客知觉与行为之研究——以八里左岸自行车道为例。国立台湾大学理学院地理环境资源研究所硕士论文。
台湾地区内政部营建署(2006)市区道路生态绿廊道整体建构计划。台湾地区内政部营建署
Arslan, M., Erodogan & E. Dilaver Z., (2001) Greenways and the making of urban form:Ankara city, In:Asian Places in the New Millennium:Proceedings of 38th Conference International Federation of Landscape Architecture, Singapore.
Baljon Lodewijk (1992), Designing Parks, Amsterdam:Architecture & Natura Press.
Bredow K.W. (2006). Gathering Spaces:Designing places for adolescents, Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Master of Landscape Architecture.
Charles E. Little (1990). Greenways for America, Baltimore:John Hopkins University Press.
Downs, R.M. (1979) Geographic Space Perception:Past Approaches and Future Prospects, Progress in Geography,3:65-108.
Evan D. Richert AICIP & Mark B. Lapping Guest Editors (1998):Ebenezer Howard and the Garden City,Journal of the American Planning Association,64:2,125-127
Fine S.M. (2005). Contextual learning within the residential outdoor experience:a case study of a summer camp community in Ontario. Doctor of Philosophy, University of Toronto.
Fabos, J.G., (2004) Greenway planning in the United State:its origins and recent case study, Landscape Urban Plan.
Fuller, R.A. and Gaston, K.J. (2009).The scaling of green space coverage in European cities.Biol Lett,5, pp.52-355
Godbey, G. (2003).Leisure in your life:An exploration(6th ed,). State College, PA:Venture Publishing Inc.
Gobster, P.H., (1995). Perceptions and use of a metropolitan greenway system for recreation. Landscape Urban Plan.33,401-413.
Golledge, R.G. and Stimson, R.J. (1987) Analytical Behaviour Geography, New York:Croom Helm.
Heather E. Wright Wendela, Rebecca K. Zargerb, James R. Mihelcica(2012). Accessibility and usability:Green space preferences, perceptions, and barriers in a rapidly urbanizing city in Latin America. Landscape and Urban Planning 107 (2012) 272-282.
Jacobs, A.B., M. Elizabeth and R. Yodan, (2002) The boulevard book:history, evolution, design of multiway boulevards. Cambridge, Mass.:MIT Press.
Johan H.A. Meeus(1985), PLANTS/PEOPLE/AND ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY, U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Washington, D.C.
Jim, C.Y., (2004). Green-space preservation and allocation for sustainable greening of compact cities. Cities 21,311-320.
Jim C.Y., Wendy Y. Chen, (2006). Recreation-amenity use and contingent valuation of urban greenspaces in Guangzhou, China. Landscape and Urban Planning 75 (2006) 81-96
Kaplan, R., Kaplan, S., (1989). The Experience of Nature:A Psychological Perspective. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Kraus, R. (1977). Recreation Today:Program Planning and Leadership. Santa Monica, Calif: Goodeyear..
Kirk, W (1951) Historical Geography and Concept of the Behavioral Environment, Indian Geographical Journal,125:152-160.
Lee, B.K.,1999. The dynamic nature of emotions during a trailbased leisure experience:an application of affect control theory (ACT). Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Department of Recreation, Park and Tourism Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.
Manning, R.E. (1986). Studies in outdoor recreation:search and research for Satisfaction. Corvallis, OR:Oregon State University Press.
Mitchell, Bruce (1989) Geography and Resource Analysis.2nd ed., London:Loman.
Parsons Kermit C. (1998):Clarence Stein's Variations on the Garden City Theme by Ebenezer Howard, Journal of the American Planning Association,64:2,129-130
Robert M. Seams, (1995). The evolution of greenways as an adaptive urban landscape form. Landscape and Urban Planning 33 (1995) 65-80
Shafer, C. Scott, Bong Koo Leea, Shawn Turnerb,2000. A tale of three greenway trails:user perceptions related to quality of life. Landscape and Urban Planning 49 (2000) 163-178.
Sonnenfeld, J. (1968) Geography, Perception and the Behavioral Environment, English, P.W. and Mayfield, R.C. ed., Man, Space and Environment, New York:Oxford University Press.
Steenbergen Clemens(1993), The Formal Strategy and Grammar of Landscape Architecture, Amsterdam:Modern Park Design
Smith, M.P. and Guarnizo, L.E. (2009). Global mobility, shifting borders and urban citizenship. Tijdschr Econ Soc Geogr,100, pp.610-622
Tugba, Duzenli, Elif, Bayramoglu and Ali, Ozbilen. (2010) Needs and preferences of adolescents in open urban. Scientific Research and Essay Vol.5 (2), pp.201-216,18 January.
Walmsley (1995) Greenways and the making of urban form. Landscape and Urban Planning 33 (1995)81-127.
Woolley H, Johns R (2001). Skateboarding:the city as playground. J.Urban Design.6:211-230.
Willemse, L. (2010). Community/neighbourhood park use in Cape Town:A classdifferentiated analysis. MA Thesis, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa.