新型水力旋流器内流场特性与性能强化机理研究
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摘要
在水力旋流器技术的开发和应用中，如何提高其分离性能、降低其运行成本是人们普遍关注且显得日益重要的两个课题。为此，人们已做了许多有益的工作并取得了大量的成果。但这些工作都主要集中于研究旋流器结构改进对其分离性能的影响，而对结构改进影响旋流器流场的情况和流场改变对旋流器分离性能影响的机理研究很少，这使得前人对旋流器的结构优化工作存在一定的盲目性。本实验的目的就是要通过对新型水力旋流器流场和分离性能的测试，揭示旋流器分离性能与其流场特性之间的内在联系，为水力旋流器的进一步优化工作提供理论基础。
本文研究工作的创新点表现在三方面：(1)在对水力旋流器进行较系统研究的基础上，选用了新型的旋流器锥段结构和具有不同的中心插入部件新型旋流器结构为研究对象。(2)采用先进的LDA激光测试仪首次对所设计的新型旋流器内的流场进行了测试，获得了新型旋流器内的二维时均速度场和湍流场的分布规律。(3)测试了新型旋流器不同结构条件下的处理量、流量比、能耗系数、总效率、修正总效率、级效率和修正级效率等性能参数，并在对这些性能数据进行比较分析的基础上，结合相应流场的激光测试结果，综合分析了新型旋流器流场与其性能的内在联系。
通过以上所述的研究工作，我们获得的了以下主要研究结果：
直锥型旋流器加入光杆后，旋流器的流场特性无明显改变，但分离性能较无中心插入部件时有较大提高；直锥型旋流器加入带翅片的中心插入部件，旋流器的流场有较大改变，分离性能有所降低，翅片数目越多分离性能降低也越严重；翅片旋向为正旋时分离性能要好于旋向为反旋时；翅片的弯曲弧度为半
圆时要好于弯曲弧度为半弧时;采用双曲线锥段的旋流器总效率和修正总效率
略优于普通直锥型旋流器，分级精度和能耗差于普通直锥型旋流器，修正分离粒
度比普通直锥型旋流器更大:采用抛物线型锥段的旋流器总效率、修正总效率
和分级精度都明显优于普通直锥型旋流器，能耗略差于普通直锥型旋流器，修
正分离粒度比普通直锥型旋流器大;不同形式中心插入部件对双曲线型和抛物
线型锥段结构旋流器分离性能的影响规律类似于不同形式中心插入部件对直锥
型旋流器分离性能的影响规律。
以上对新型水力旋流器的实测研究和理论分析不仅具有重要理论意义，而
且具有实用参考价值。研究结果既为优化水力旋流器的结构设计提供了重要理
论依据，也对最终全面认识旋流器的分离机理有所帮助。
In the development and application of the hydrocyclone technology, the two problems that how to increase its separation performance and how to decrease its running cost are widespread concerned. In this connection, many beneficial efforts have been made and a lot of achievements have been obtained. But main of the work concentrates on the study that how the structural improvement of hydrocyclone influences its separation performance, while little on the study how the structural improvement influences the flow field of hydrocyclone. The study of the mechanism of the influence on hydrocyclone's separation performance by changing flow field is also little, which makes the previous studys on structure optimizing be of blindness to some extent. The purpose of this experiment is to reveal the inherent connection between the new type of hydrocyclone's separation performance and the structure of flow field, to provide theoretic foundation for the further optimization of hydrocyclone.
This thesis has its creative points as the following three aspects :(1)It chooses the new type hydrocyclone cone parts and the new type hydrocyclone structural with
different inserted parts as research object on the foundation of systematic investigation of hydrocyclone; (2) It acquires the distribution regularity of two dimension time-averaged velocity field and turbulence structure field inside the new type hydrocyclone by adopting advanced LDA (Laser Doppler Anemometer)laser
* The research work is sponsored by the Research Fund of High-Speed Hydraulics State Key Lab of China(0104).
instrument to measure the flow field inside the new type hydrocyclone for the first time; (3)It tests the performance parameters of the new type hydrocyclone on different construction such as capacity , volume flow ratio, energy loss coefficient, total separation efficiency, reduced separation efficiency, total grade efficiency and corrected grade efficiency. On the basis of comparing these functional data, combining the corresponding laser measuring result, synthetically analyzed the inherent connection between the flow field of new type hydrocyclone and its performance.
With the above research work, main conclusions have been made as follows: When solid core is put into 20° cone hydrocyclone, the characteristics of flow field has no obvious changes, but the separation performance is much enhanced compared with not inserting center parts . Injected with center parts as winged core, the flow field of 20 ° cone hydrocyclone changes much, and the separation performance becomes worse. And the more the wings there are, the worse the separation performance is. The spinning direction of the wing being positive direction is better than it being inverse direction, the winding radian of wing being semicircle is better than being half radian. When adopted hyperbola type cone part, the total efficiency and reduced total efficiency of the hydrocyclone are slightly superior to the common 20° cone hydrocyclone, separation sharpness and energy consumption are inferior and the corrected cut size is larger than that in the common 20° cone hydrocyclone. When adopted parabola type cone part, th
e corrected total efficiency and separation sharpness of the hydrocyclone are obviously superior to common 20° cone hydrocyclone, the energy consumption is slightly inferior and the corrected cut size is larger than that in the common 20° cone hydrocyclone. When inserting center parts to hyperbola type and parabola type hydrocyclone, the influence regulation on separation performance is similar to inserting center parts to the 20° cone hydrocyclone.
The above experimental research and theoretic analysis are of great significance in both theory and practice. The researching achievements not only provide important theoretical foundation, but also are helpful in comprehensively
understanding the separation mechanism inside the hydrocyclone.
本文研究工作的创新点表现在三方面：(1)在对水力旋流器进行较系统研究的基础上，选用了新型的旋流器锥段结构和具有不同的中心插入部件新型旋流器结构为研究对象。(2)采用先进的LDA激光测试仪首次对所设计的新型旋流器内的流场进行了测试，获得了新型旋流器内的二维时均速度场和湍流场的分布规律。(3)测试了新型旋流器不同结构条件下的处理量、流量比、能耗系数、总效率、修正总效率、级效率和修正级效率等性能参数，并在对这些性能数据进行比较分析的基础上，结合相应流场的激光测试结果，综合分析了新型旋流器流场与其性能的内在联系。
通过以上所述的研究工作，我们获得的了以下主要研究结果：
直锥型旋流器加入光杆后，旋流器的流场特性无明显改变，但分离性能较无中心插入部件时有较大提高；直锥型旋流器加入带翅片的中心插入部件，旋流器的流场有较大改变，分离性能有所降低，翅片数目越多分离性能降低也越严重；翅片旋向为正旋时分离性能要好于旋向为反旋时；翅片的弯曲弧度为半
圆时要好于弯曲弧度为半弧时;采用双曲线锥段的旋流器总效率和修正总效率
略优于普通直锥型旋流器，分级精度和能耗差于普通直锥型旋流器，修正分离粒
度比普通直锥型旋流器更大:采用抛物线型锥段的旋流器总效率、修正总效率
和分级精度都明显优于普通直锥型旋流器，能耗略差于普通直锥型旋流器，修
正分离粒度比普通直锥型旋流器大;不同形式中心插入部件对双曲线型和抛物
线型锥段结构旋流器分离性能的影响规律类似于不同形式中心插入部件对直锥
型旋流器分离性能的影响规律。
以上对新型水力旋流器的实测研究和理论分析不仅具有重要理论意义，而
且具有实用参考价值。研究结果既为优化水力旋流器的结构设计提供了重要理
论依据，也对最终全面认识旋流器的分离机理有所帮助。
In the development and application of the hydrocyclone technology, the two problems that how to increase its separation performance and how to decrease its running cost are widespread concerned. In this connection, many beneficial efforts have been made and a lot of achievements have been obtained. But main of the work concentrates on the study that how the structural improvement of hydrocyclone influences its separation performance, while little on the study how the structural improvement influences the flow field of hydrocyclone. The study of the mechanism of the influence on hydrocyclone's separation performance by changing flow field is also little, which makes the previous studys on structure optimizing be of blindness to some extent. The purpose of this experiment is to reveal the inherent connection between the new type of hydrocyclone's separation performance and the structure of flow field, to provide theoretic foundation for the further optimization of hydrocyclone.
This thesis has its creative points as the following three aspects :(1)It chooses the new type hydrocyclone cone parts and the new type hydrocyclone structural with
different inserted parts as research object on the foundation of systematic investigation of hydrocyclone; (2) It acquires the distribution regularity of two dimension time-averaged velocity field and turbulence structure field inside the new type hydrocyclone by adopting advanced LDA (Laser Doppler Anemometer)laser
* The research work is sponsored by the Research Fund of High-Speed Hydraulics State Key Lab of China(0104).
instrument to measure the flow field inside the new type hydrocyclone for the first time; (3)It tests the performance parameters of the new type hydrocyclone on different construction such as capacity , volume flow ratio, energy loss coefficient, total separation efficiency, reduced separation efficiency, total grade efficiency and corrected grade efficiency. On the basis of comparing these functional data, combining the corresponding laser measuring result, synthetically analyzed the inherent connection between the flow field of new type hydrocyclone and its performance.
With the above research work, main conclusions have been made as follows: When solid core is put into 20° cone hydrocyclone, the characteristics of flow field has no obvious changes, but the separation performance is much enhanced compared with not inserting center parts . Injected with center parts as winged core, the flow field of 20 ° cone hydrocyclone changes much, and the separation performance becomes worse. And the more the wings there are, the worse the separation performance is. The spinning direction of the wing being positive direction is better than it being inverse direction, the winding radian of wing being semicircle is better than being half radian. When adopted hyperbola type cone part, the total efficiency and reduced total efficiency of the hydrocyclone are slightly superior to the common 20° cone hydrocyclone, separation sharpness and energy consumption are inferior and the corrected cut size is larger than that in the common 20° cone hydrocyclone. When adopted parabola type cone part, th
e corrected total efficiency and separation sharpness of the hydrocyclone are obviously superior to common 20° cone hydrocyclone, the energy consumption is slightly inferior and the corrected cut size is larger than that in the common 20° cone hydrocyclone. When inserting center parts to hyperbola type and parabola type hydrocyclone, the influence regulation on separation performance is similar to inserting center parts to the 20° cone hydrocyclone.
The above experimental research and theoretic analysis are of great significance in both theory and practice. The researching achievements not only provide important theoretical foundation, but also are helpful in comprehensively
understanding the separation mechanism inside the hydrocyclone.
引文
[1] Arato E G. Filteation & Separation, May/June 1984, 181～182.
[2] 徐继润，罗茜．水力旋流器流场理论，北京：科学出版社，1998
[3] 褚良银，陈文梅，罗茜．锥齿型水力旋流器的分离特性研究．化工机械，1997，24(1)：63～67
[4] 褚良银，罗茜．锥齿型高效水力旋流器，中国专利 ZL932297137，1993．
[5] 王光风，李峻宇，邵国兴．化工机械，1991，18(6)：319～325．
[6] Xu Ji-Run, Luo Qian, Qiu Ji-Cun. Research on the preseparation space in hydrocyclones, Int. J. Miner. Processing, 1991, 31: 1～10.
[7] Tzyganov L G et al. Izv Vuzov. Khimiyai Khim, Tekhol., 1981, 24(1): 119～124.
[8] 褚良银，陈文梅，李晓钟．高效节能水力旋流器，中国专利 01247922．5，2001．
[9] Chu. L.-Y., Chen W.-M., Lee X.,-Z..SeparationandPurification Technology,2000,21.:71～86
[10] 褚良银，陈文梅等．水力旋流器，北京：化学工业出版社，1998．
[11] Dahlstrom, DA. Trans. Amer. Instn Min. Engers.,1952, 4: 788～793.
[12] 张鹏飞，许德明，黄枢．中国有色金属学报，1994，4(3)：45～47．
[13] 王洪涛．充气水力旋流器分级性能与浮选性能研究：[硕士学位论文]，北京：北京钢铁学院，1996．
[14] Bednarski S. In; Proc. 2nd Int. Conf.on Hydrocyclones, Bath, England, 1984, 153-162.
[15] Larsson T. In: Proc. 1st Int. Conf. On hydrocycloned, Cambridge, Oct. 1980: 83～97.
[16] Boadway J D. In: Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. on Hydrocyclones, Bath, England, Sept. 1984: 99～108.
[17] 龚伟安．石油机械，1992，20(12)：1～6．
[18] 徐继润．水力旋流器强制涡及内部损失的研究：博士论文．沈阳：东北工学院，1989．
[19] 褚良银．水力旋流器能耗机制与节能原理研究：博士后研究工作报告．成都：四川联合大学，1997．
[20] Chu Liang-Yin, Chen Wen-Mei, Lee Xiao-Zhong. Enhancement of Hydrocyclone Performance by Controlling the inside Turbulence Structure. Chemical Engineering
Science, 2002, 57(2),207～212
[21] Chu L.-Y.,Qin J.-J.,Chen W.-M.,and Lee X.-Z. Energy Consumption and Its Reduction in the Hydrocyclone Separation Process.Ⅲ.Effect of the Structure of Flow Field on Energy Consumption and Energy Saving Principles. Separarion Science and Technology,2000, 35(16),2679～2705.
[22] 金鼎五，孙启才等．化学工程手册．第22篇．液固分离．北京：机械工业出版社，1987．10
[23] L．斯瓦罗大斯基．固液分离．朱企新等译，第2版．北京：化学工业出版社，1990．
[24] 褚良银，陈文梅，杜燕等．应用粒子动态分析仪研究水力旋流器流场．应用激光，1993．13(2)：59～61
[25] 褚良银，陈文梅．水力旋流器流场研究成果与展望．化工机械，1992，19(5)：299～302
[26] 褚良银，陈文梅．水力旋流器内固相颗粒径向速度的研究．化工装备技术，1992，13(4)：1～4
[27] 褚良银，陈文梅．水力旋流器内固相颗粒径向运动规律的预测模型．有色金属，1993，45(2)：43～47
[28] 戴光清，陈文梅，褚良银等．水力旋流器固液两相流测试研究．流体工程，1992，20(10)：1～8
[29] Chen Wen-Mei, Chu Liang-Yin. Theory of fluid flow and practice of hydrocyclones. In: Proc. of 3rd China-Japan International Conference on Filtration & Separation, Wuxi, China, Oct. 21～24, 1997:501～505
[30] 陈文梅，褚良银．水力旋流器流体流动理论研究与实践．过滤与分离，1997，(4)：5～9，41
[31] 郭荣．水力旋流器湍动两相流运动规律及其分离性能实测研究：[硕士学位论文]，成都：四川联合大学．1996．
[32] 窦国仁．紊流力学，人民教育出版社，1981．
[33] 褚良银，陈文梅．旋转流分离理论，北京：冶金工业出版社，2002，22～24
[34] Li Xiao-Zhong, Chen Wen-Mei, Chu Liang-Yin. Research on the turbulence in hydrocyclones. In: Proc. of 2nd Joint China/USA Chem. Eng. Conference, Beijing, China,
May 19～22, 1997
[35] 李晓钟，陈文梅，褚良银．水力旋流器固相颗粒时均流场及脉动特性研究．化工机械，1997，24(6)：311～314
[36] 褚良银，陈文梅，李晓钟，刘培坤．水力旋流器能耗机制与节能原理研究．Ⅶ．流场结构与分离性能．化工机械，1999，26(2)：66～70
[37] 褚良银，陈文梅，李晓钟，刘培坤．水力旋流器能耗机制与节能原理研究．Ⅵ．低能耗旋流器压力场结构及能耗降减原理．化工机械，1999，26(1)：5～9
[2] 徐继润，罗茜．水力旋流器流场理论，北京：科学出版社，1998
[3] 褚良银，陈文梅，罗茜．锥齿型水力旋流器的分离特性研究．化工机械，1997，24(1)：63～67
[4] 褚良银，罗茜．锥齿型高效水力旋流器，中国专利 ZL932297137，1993．
[5] 王光风，李峻宇，邵国兴．化工机械，1991，18(6)：319～325．
[6] Xu Ji-Run, Luo Qian, Qiu Ji-Cun. Research on the preseparation space in hydrocyclones, Int. J. Miner. Processing, 1991, 31: 1～10.
[7] Tzyganov L G et al. Izv Vuzov. Khimiyai Khim, Tekhol., 1981, 24(1): 119～124.
[8] 褚良银，陈文梅，李晓钟．高效节能水力旋流器，中国专利 01247922．5，2001．
[9] Chu. L.-Y., Chen W.-M., Lee X.,-Z..SeparationandPurification Technology,2000,21.:71～86
[10] 褚良银，陈文梅等．水力旋流器，北京：化学工业出版社，1998．
[11] Dahlstrom, DA. Trans. Amer. Instn Min. Engers.,1952, 4: 788～793.
[12] 张鹏飞，许德明，黄枢．中国有色金属学报，1994，4(3)：45～47．
[13] 王洪涛．充气水力旋流器分级性能与浮选性能研究：[硕士学位论文]，北京：北京钢铁学院，1996．
[14] Bednarski S. In; Proc. 2nd Int. Conf.on Hydrocyclones, Bath, England, 1984, 153-162.
[15] Larsson T. In: Proc. 1st Int. Conf. On hydrocycloned, Cambridge, Oct. 1980: 83～97.
[16] Boadway J D. In: Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. on Hydrocyclones, Bath, England, Sept. 1984: 99～108.
[17] 龚伟安．石油机械，1992，20(12)：1～6．
[18] 徐继润．水力旋流器强制涡及内部损失的研究：博士论文．沈阳：东北工学院，1989．
[19] 褚良银．水力旋流器能耗机制与节能原理研究：博士后研究工作报告．成都：四川联合大学，1997．
[20] Chu Liang-Yin, Chen Wen-Mei, Lee Xiao-Zhong. Enhancement of Hydrocyclone Performance by Controlling the inside Turbulence Structure. Chemical Engineering
Science, 2002, 57(2),207～212
[21] Chu L.-Y.,Qin J.-J.,Chen W.-M.,and Lee X.-Z. Energy Consumption and Its Reduction in the Hydrocyclone Separation Process.Ⅲ.Effect of the Structure of Flow Field on Energy Consumption and Energy Saving Principles. Separarion Science and Technology,2000, 35(16),2679～2705.
[22] 金鼎五，孙启才等．化学工程手册．第22篇．液固分离．北京：机械工业出版社，1987．10
[23] L．斯瓦罗大斯基．固液分离．朱企新等译，第2版．北京：化学工业出版社，1990．
[24] 褚良银，陈文梅，杜燕等．应用粒子动态分析仪研究水力旋流器流场．应用激光，1993．13(2)：59～61
[25] 褚良银，陈文梅．水力旋流器流场研究成果与展望．化工机械，1992，19(5)：299～302
[26] 褚良银，陈文梅．水力旋流器内固相颗粒径向速度的研究．化工装备技术，1992，13(4)：1～4
[27] 褚良银，陈文梅．水力旋流器内固相颗粒径向运动规律的预测模型．有色金属，1993，45(2)：43～47
[28] 戴光清，陈文梅，褚良银等．水力旋流器固液两相流测试研究．流体工程，1992，20(10)：1～8
[29] Chen Wen-Mei, Chu Liang-Yin. Theory of fluid flow and practice of hydrocyclones. In: Proc. of 3rd China-Japan International Conference on Filtration & Separation, Wuxi, China, Oct. 21～24, 1997:501～505
[30] 陈文梅，褚良银．水力旋流器流体流动理论研究与实践．过滤与分离，1997，(4)：5～9，41
[31] 郭荣．水力旋流器湍动两相流运动规律及其分离性能实测研究：[硕士学位论文]，成都：四川联合大学．1996．
[32] 窦国仁．紊流力学，人民教育出版社，1981．
[33] 褚良银，陈文梅．旋转流分离理论，北京：冶金工业出版社，2002，22～24
[34] Li Xiao-Zhong, Chen Wen-Mei, Chu Liang-Yin. Research on the turbulence in hydrocyclones. In: Proc. of 2nd Joint China/USA Chem. Eng. Conference, Beijing, China,
May 19～22, 1997
[35] 李晓钟，陈文梅，褚良银．水力旋流器固相颗粒时均流场及脉动特性研究．化工机械，1997，24(6)：311～314
[36] 褚良银，陈文梅，李晓钟，刘培坤．水力旋流器能耗机制与节能原理研究．Ⅶ．流场结构与分离性能．化工机械，1999，26(2)：66～70
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