层序地层学在饶阳凹陷隐蔽油气藏勘探中的应用研究
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摘要
饶阳凹陷位于中国东部的冀中坳陷中部,属于典型的内陆断陷盆地,是发育多套生、储、盖组合的复式油气聚集区,但绝大部分具备勘探开发条件的构造油气藏已被发现并投入开发,而且以构造油藏为主的石油储(产)量呈现明显的下降趋势,隐蔽油气藏已成为勘探的主要对象。本文收集了国内外层序地层学的相关文献,从不同学派的观点、理论和分析方法入手,结合研究区的特点,开展了饶阳凹陷层序地层学的应用研究,提高了隐蔽油气藏的预测精度,完善了隐蔽油气藏的研究方法,主要获得了如下成果与认识:
1、运用层序地层学的原理,根据地震特性、区域构造运动、沉积演化旋回,综合大量的钻(测)井和地震资料分析,阐明了层序界面的基本特征,识别了各级层序界面,划分了各级层序地层单元,建立了区域层序地层格架。
2、通过对层序界面结构的精细分析,结合以往对该地区的地质认识,重新研究了区域地质结构、地层发育特征及油藏特征。
3、运用钻测井、岩芯和地震等资料,在等时地层格架中进行了体系域的划分。通过对沉积微相的研究,阐明了凹陷内砂体的分布特征,深化了沉积体系和沉积相的研究。
4、以沙三中段为重点,开展了高频层序地层研究,探讨了含油高频层序中储集砂体的分布规律,并对研究区储集砂岩的分布进行了预测。
5、探讨了区域层序地层格架与油气聚集的关系,指出了本区有效的烃源岩、含油储层在层序地层格架中的位置,并明确提出了水进体系域控源、低位体系域和高位体系域控储、层序界面控藏的油气成藏的认识。
6、预测了研究区隐蔽圈闭的分布规律,并指出了隐蔽圈闭分布的有利地区,利用多种信息和手段,优选出6个隐蔽圈闭为下部的勘探目标。
以建立地层等时格架为基础,以沉积体系、岩相特征和砂体分布为主线的研究已成为层序地层学研究的重点,并在油气田的勘探开发过程中发挥着巨大的作用。本文以层序地层学应用研究为基础,对饶阳凹陷的隐蔽性油气藏进行了研究,取得了一些认识和地质效果,为中国东部类似地区的研究提供了可借鉴的思路和方法。
Raoyang depression is located in the middle of Jizhong depression in eastern China. It is a typical fault basin. Complex Reservoirs were developed from several sets of hydrocarbon Source rock, reservoir and seal fonnations. But most reservoirs have been explored and developed. In fact, the amount of production from most structural traps began to decline in recent years. Subtle stratigraphic traps have become the main object of exploration. This paper discusses some new approaches for subtle stratigraphic traps using sequence stratigraphy. The work began by collecting past papers, analyzing various schools of views, theories, methodologies together with the geologic characteristics of this area. After the sequence stratigraphy studied in Raoyang depression, we summarized the law of subtle reservoir and the precision of prediction is improved, so as to make the subtle reservoir research technology perfect increasingly, we have obtained some results in terms of sequence stratigraphy of the Raoyang Depression:1. Using the principle of sequence stratigraphy, seismic characters, regional tectonics, sedimentation cycles, coupled with large amount of logging data, we have clarified the characteristics of sequence boundaries, and identified various sequence boundaries, and partitioned sequence information units, thus formed the framework of the Sequence stratigraphy.2. Through detailed analyzing structures of sequence boundaries, combined with geological understanding of the area, we have re-studied the characteristics of the regional tectonics, stratigraphic developments and the reservoir developments.3. Using logging data, core, and seismic data, we have re-classified the systems tract with the isochronous framework. We also demonstrated the internal characteristics of sand body by the partition of sediment micro-facies, which provides even further understanding of sedimentation system and facies.4. Focused on a key formation (middle of Es3), developed high-frequency sequence stratigraphy, and researched the regularity of the distribution of oil-bearing Sand, thus predicted the reservoir sand distributions.5. Through study of the relationships between the regional sequence stratigraphic framework and the distribution of hydrocarbons, it clearly pointed out the positions of source rocks, reservoir rocks. Thus we come to the recognition that the transgressive systems tract controls source, lowstand systems tract and highstand systems tract control reservoir and sequence boundary controls the trap.6. It was able to predict the regularity of subtle trap distributions, and pointing out the favored areas for the subtle reservoirs by various information and method, and therefore selected six subtle reservoir traps as future exploration targets.It becomes very important for the research of sequence stratigraphy on the basis of an integration of the sequence stratigraphy, sedimentation system and stragraphy facies analysis. Only this way can it have large impact on the exploration and development of oil and gas distribution. This study uses the principle of sequence stratigraphy as the basis and obtained some knowledge of subtle traps in the Raoyang depression which can be used for Oil and gas exploration for similar areas.
1、运用层序地层学的原理,根据地震特性、区域构造运动、沉积演化旋回,综合大量的钻(测)井和地震资料分析,阐明了层序界面的基本特征,识别了各级层序界面,划分了各级层序地层单元,建立了区域层序地层格架。
2、通过对层序界面结构的精细分析,结合以往对该地区的地质认识,重新研究了区域地质结构、地层发育特征及油藏特征。
3、运用钻测井、岩芯和地震等资料,在等时地层格架中进行了体系域的划分。通过对沉积微相的研究,阐明了凹陷内砂体的分布特征,深化了沉积体系和沉积相的研究。
4、以沙三中段为重点,开展了高频层序地层研究,探讨了含油高频层序中储集砂体的分布规律,并对研究区储集砂岩的分布进行了预测。
5、探讨了区域层序地层格架与油气聚集的关系,指出了本区有效的烃源岩、含油储层在层序地层格架中的位置,并明确提出了水进体系域控源、低位体系域和高位体系域控储、层序界面控藏的油气成藏的认识。
6、预测了研究区隐蔽圈闭的分布规律,并指出了隐蔽圈闭分布的有利地区,利用多种信息和手段,优选出6个隐蔽圈闭为下部的勘探目标。
以建立地层等时格架为基础,以沉积体系、岩相特征和砂体分布为主线的研究已成为层序地层学研究的重点,并在油气田的勘探开发过程中发挥着巨大的作用。本文以层序地层学应用研究为基础,对饶阳凹陷的隐蔽性油气藏进行了研究,取得了一些认识和地质效果,为中国东部类似地区的研究提供了可借鉴的思路和方法。
Raoyang depression is located in the middle of Jizhong depression in eastern China. It is a typical fault basin. Complex Reservoirs were developed from several sets of hydrocarbon Source rock, reservoir and seal fonnations. But most reservoirs have been explored and developed. In fact, the amount of production from most structural traps began to decline in recent years. Subtle stratigraphic traps have become the main object of exploration. This paper discusses some new approaches for subtle stratigraphic traps using sequence stratigraphy. The work began by collecting past papers, analyzing various schools of views, theories, methodologies together with the geologic characteristics of this area. After the sequence stratigraphy studied in Raoyang depression, we summarized the law of subtle reservoir and the precision of prediction is improved, so as to make the subtle reservoir research technology perfect increasingly, we have obtained some results in terms of sequence stratigraphy of the Raoyang Depression:1. Using the principle of sequence stratigraphy, seismic characters, regional tectonics, sedimentation cycles, coupled with large amount of logging data, we have clarified the characteristics of sequence boundaries, and identified various sequence boundaries, and partitioned sequence information units, thus formed the framework of the Sequence stratigraphy.2. Through detailed analyzing structures of sequence boundaries, combined with geological understanding of the area, we have re-studied the characteristics of the regional tectonics, stratigraphic developments and the reservoir developments.3. Using logging data, core, and seismic data, we have re-classified the systems tract with the isochronous framework. We also demonstrated the internal characteristics of sand body by the partition of sediment micro-facies, which provides even further understanding of sedimentation system and facies.4. Focused on a key formation (middle of Es3), developed high-frequency sequence stratigraphy, and researched the regularity of the distribution of oil-bearing Sand, thus predicted the reservoir sand distributions.5. Through study of the relationships between the regional sequence stratigraphic framework and the distribution of hydrocarbons, it clearly pointed out the positions of source rocks, reservoir rocks. Thus we come to the recognition that the transgressive systems tract controls source, lowstand systems tract and highstand systems tract control reservoir and sequence boundary controls the trap.6. It was able to predict the regularity of subtle trap distributions, and pointing out the favored areas for the subtle reservoirs by various information and method, and therefore selected six subtle reservoir traps as future exploration targets.It becomes very important for the research of sequence stratigraphy on the basis of an integration of the sequence stratigraphy, sedimentation system and stragraphy facies analysis. Only this way can it have large impact on the exploration and development of oil and gas distribution. This study uses the principle of sequence stratigraphy as the basis and obtained some knowledge of subtle traps in the Raoyang depression which can be used for Oil and gas exploration for similar areas.
引文
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【2】 中国石油天然气集团公司和油气储层重点实验室编.2002,陆相层序地层学应用指南,北京:石油工业出版社
【3】 池秋鄂等.2001,层序地层学基础与应用.北京:石油工业出版社
【4】 采希源等.2003,陆相盆地高精度层序地层学-隐蔽油气藏勘探基础、方法与实践.北京:地质出版社
【5】 邓宏文.1995,美国层序地层研究中的新学派——高分辨率层序地层学[J],石油与天然气地质,16(2):89～97
【6】 邓宏文等.1997,高分辨率层序地层对比在河流相中的应用.石油与天然气地质,18(2),90-95
【7】 邓宏文等.1996,层序地层地层基准面和识别对比技术及应用[J].石油与天然气地质,3:177～184
【8】 杜金虎等.2000,冀中坳陷油气分布规律与勘探方向研究.北京:石油工业出版社
【9】 杜金虎等.2002,冀中坳陷古潜山复式油气集聚.北京:石油工业出版社
【10】 杜金虎等.2003,二连盆地盆地隐蔽油气藏勘探.北京:石油工业出版社
【11】 樊太亮等.1999,层序地层学应用于陆相油藏预测的成功实例.石油,20(2)
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