渤海湾盆地东营凹陷深层烃源岩地震识别与描述技术研究
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摘要
东营凹陷是渤海湾盆地重要的富油凹陷,具有明显的复式成藏特点。随着中、浅层油气藏勘探程度的不断提高,深层油气藏已成为现今勘探研究的主要对象。但以孔店组为主要目的层系的深层勘探始终没有取得大的突破,其原因在于对深层构造演化、沉积特征和油气成藏规律认识上的不足,尤其是孔店组生烃潜力的认识不足。本文选择孔店组二段开展深层烃源岩的地球物理研究,具有十分重要的理论价值和现实意义。
     本文是在前期深层地震攻关的基础上,重点应用优质的大连片三维地震资料并结合其它地质资料,开展了孔店组二段的层序地层分析,探索少井地区或层系深层烃源岩的地震识别和描述方法。通过近三年的研究和探索,总结形成了一套技术系列,并在实际勘探实践中取得了良好效果,展现了东营凹陷孔店组这一新领域广阔的勘探前景。
     本文首次利用叠前、叠后地震属性揭示了孔二段烃源岩的地震识别特征和分布规律。孔二段烃源岩具有四个明显的地震识别标志:①层序特征:典型的反射密集段,平行亚平行反射结构,段内无不整合;②动力学特征:强振幅,低频率,高连续性,时频特征为反旋回;③运动学特征:速度谱上表现为低梯度段;④几何学特征:具有一定的厚度,分布范围及足够的埋藏深度。
     基于资料品质较好的三维大连片地震资料,精细落实了东营凹陷孔二段的构造特征,明确了目的层段的厚度变化规律。利用地震属性和速度特征圈定了有利烃源岩的分布范围,主要分布于辛镇和博兴地区。首次探索利用地震方法预测烃源岩的资源量,预测孔二段资源量为4.6×108t。展现了地震资料及基于地震的物探技术在油气勘探的作用将会日益增大,对其它地区类似问题的解决具有借鉴意义。
Dongying Sag is an important rich oil sag which takes on apparent feature ofcomplex reservoir in Baohai Bay Basin. With the increasing of exploration degree ofreservoir in mid-shallow formation, deep formation has become main exploration objectnow. However, there is not the bigger breakthrough in deep main exploration formationof interest in Kongdian formation. The reason for this is cognition deficiency for theirareal structure evolution, sediment feature and reservoir-forming rule, especially forhydrocarbon generating potentiality. Geophysical research for Ek2(second member ofKongdian formation) source rock has good realistic significance in the paper.
     Based on prior deep formation seismic research, seismogeology feature of Ek2isresearched with high quality bigger areal jointed3D seismic data and other geologic data,and sequence stratigraphy method. Seismic identification and description method isstudied by seismic data in area and strata with a little drilled wells and low degree ofexploration. A set of technique series is formed through researching of3years. A goodresult is acquired in real exploration and a new exploration prospect is presented for Ek inDongying Sag.
     Distribution feature of source rock in Ek2is researched firstly using prestack andpoststack seismic attributes in the paper. Four signs for seismic identification of sourcerock in Ek2are set up:①sequence features: typical reflection dense member, parallel orsub-parallel reflection configuration, no unconformity in the member.②dynamicsfeatures: high amplitude, low frequency, good continuity, time-frequency featurepresented inverse cycle.③kinematics features: low gradient member presented invelocity spectrum.④geometry features: with some thickness, distribution range andenough burial depth.
     The structural feature of Ek2in Dongying Sag is confirmed finely based on highquality bigger areal jointed3D seismic data. Thickness variation rule of interval ofinterest is determined. Distribution ranges of favorable source rock are delineated using seismic attribute and velocity feature. They are located in Xinzhen and Boxing areasmostly. Resource extent of source rock is predicted by seismic method firstly. Predictedresource extent is4.6×108tons. The role of seismic data and geophysical technique in oiland gas exploration will be important increasingly. This will provide reference for otherarea.
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