波尔山羊胚胎移植受体及育肥期波尔山羊能量和蛋白营养需要研究
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摘要
本试验是在舍饲条件下，通过饲养试验、消化试验和瘤胃降解率测定试验，对波尔山羊胚胎移植受体在妊娠后期、泌乳前期及其所产波尔山羊在育肥期的能量和蛋白质营养需要量进行了系统研究。
1．从处于妊娠后期的波尔山羊胚胎移植(移植单胚)受体(奶山羊)中选择72只受体羊，分成9组，每组8只。9组羊分别喂给能量和蛋白两因子三水平的9种日粮。日粮采用两因子三水平试验设计，参考美国NRC(1981)山羊饲养标准，将能量和蛋白质作为两个因子，分别为NRC需要量的80％，100％，120％，分成九个营养组合：Ⅰ组为高能量高蛋白，Ⅱ组为中能量高蛋白，Ⅲ组为低能高蛋白，Ⅳ组为高能中蛋白，Ⅴ组为中能中蛋白，Ⅵ组为低能中蛋白，Ⅶ组为高能低蛋白，Ⅷ组为中能低蛋白，Ⅸ组为低能低蛋白。试验结果表明：Ⅰ组蛋白质、消化能、瘤胃降解蛋白和瘤胃非降解蛋白的食入量较为适宜，即即消化能1.25MJ／kgW~0.75，粗蛋白9.03g／kgW~0.75瘤胃降解蛋白4.98g／kgW~0.75，瘤胃非降解蛋白4.05g／kgW 0.75。
2．选择经胚胎移植产羔后母羊54只，分成9组，每组6只(哺乳单羔)，以NRC(1981)山羊泌乳期饲养标准为参考，9组羊分别喂给能量和蛋白两因子三水平的9种日粮。试验结果表明：受体羊泌乳前期供给消化能1.52MJ／kgW0.75，粗蛋白12.90g／kgW~0.75，瘤胃降解蛋白7.56g／kgW~075，瘤胃非降解蛋白5.34g／kgW0.75较为适宜。回归分析得出平均日蛋白质摄入量与产乳量呈强相关，其回归关系为Y=203.12X-74.857。式中：Y为蛋白质日摄入量(CPI；g)，X为日产奶量(kg)。
3．在3月龄断奶的波尔山羊公羔中选135只波尔山羊分成三组，每组45只，每组设3个重复。设计Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组试验日粮的波尔山羊预期日增重水平分别为250g／d，200g／d，150g／d，实际三组日增重分别为223g、179g、150g。根据Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组试验数据得出波尔山羊干物质采食量(DMI，g／d)、粗蛋白质采食量(CPI，g／d)、瘤胃降解蛋白(RDP，g／d)、瘤胃非降解蛋白(UDP，g／d)及消化能采食量(DEI，KJ／d)与羔羊日增重(△W，g／d)的回归关系如下：
DMI=2.540△W+659.7(r=0.953，p<0.05)
CPI=0.70△W+40.492(r=0.955，p<0.05)
RDPI=0.213△W+65.06(r=0.856，p<0.05)
UDPI=0.488△W-24.56(r=0.984，p<0.05)
DEI=68.56△W+1074.9(r=0.924，p<0.05)根据回归方程，本研究提出了波尔山羊(3～5月龄)日增重0～250g的每日每只营养需要建议参数：即当预期日增重分别为0g、50g、100g、150g、200g、250g时，消化能日供给量分别为1.08MJ、4.50M3、7.93M5、11.36MJ、14.79MJ、18.21MJ，粗蛋白日供给量分别为40g、75g、110g、145g、180g、215g，瘤胃降解蛋白日供给量分别
为409、759、869、979、1089、1189，瘤胃非降解蛋白日供给量分别为09、09、249、
489、729、979。
Experiments were conducted to study the energy, rumen degradable protein and undegradable protein requirements of stall-feeding Boer goats during the period of growing and its recipient by embryo transfer in the last two months of pregnancy and in the first two months of lactation by feeding trial, digestion and determination of feed degradation in rumen.
1. 72 late pregnant (90~142d) milk goats transferred Boer goat embryo were selected and divided into nine groups of 8 each, and respectively fed with nine kinds of diets which were composed of 3 levels of energy (80%, 100%, 120% of NRC(1981) recommending requirement) and 3 levels of protein(80%,100%,120% of NRC(1981) recommending requirement), group I was fed high energy high protein, group II moderate energy high protein , groupIII low energy high protein groupIV high energy moderate protein group V moderate energy moderate protein, groupVI low energy moderate protein, group VII high energy low protein group VIII moderate energy low protein, group K low energy low protein. The result showed that the appropriate intake of energy and protein level was group
I, that is to say , the appropriate DE,RDP and UDP intake of ewes during later pregnancy was 1.25MJ/kgW75, 9.03g/kgW75, 4.98g/kgW75 and 4.05g/kgW75 respectively.
2. 54 ewes, which have only one lamb, were selected and separated into 9 groups of 6 each. Refer to NRC(1981) recommending nutrition requirement, nine groups respectively were fed with nine kinds of diets which were composed of 3 levels of energy (80%, 100%, 120% of NRC(1981) recommending requirement) and 3 levels of protein (80%, 100%, 120% of NRC(1981) recommending requirement). The result indicated that the appropriate DE,CP,RDP and UDP intake of ewes during early lactation was 1.52MJ/kgW0.75, 12.9 g/ kgW0.75, 7.56g/kgW0.75 and 5.34g/kgW0.75 . The relationship between CPI (g) and average daily milk yield(kg) by regressive analysis is Y=203.12X-74.857 (Y: CPI; X: daily milk yield).
3. In order to study the energy and protein requirements of stall-feeding Boer goats, 135 growing male Boer goat weaned at the age of 3 months old were divided into three groups of 45 each group with 3 repeats. Each group was fed with the three different nutrition levels meal rations for expected average daily gain at 250 g/d, 200 g/d and 150 g/d. The results of the mean daily gain of group I, II III were 223 g/d 179 g/d, 150 g/d respectively. According to result of group I, II, HI, relationship of dry matter intake (DMI, g/d) digestible energy intake (DEI, KJ/d) , crude protein intake (CPI, g/d) , ruminal degradable protein (RDP, g/d) or ruminal undegradable protein (UDP, g/d) with average daily gain (W, g/d) of stall-feeding growing Boer goats were analyzed. DMI = 2.540 W+659.7
( r=0.953,p<0.05 ) , CPI = 0. 70 W+40. 492 ( r=0. 955, p<0. 05 ) , RDPI = 0. 213 W+65. 06
(r=0. 856, p<0. 05 ) , UDPI = 0. 488 W-24. 56 (r=0. 984, p<0. 05 ) , DEI = 68. 56 W+1074. 9
(r=0.924,p<0.05)
By the regression equations, we obtained energy and protein requirements of the stall-feeding growing Boer goats aged at 3~5 months when the average daily gain stage is ranged from 0 to 250 g/d. The results are expected to be reference for drafting the energy and protein requirements of Boer goats as national feeding standard. When expected daily gain stage is 0g 50g 100g 150g 200g 250g respectively,DE daily intake is 1.08MJ, 4.50MJ 7.93MJ 11.36MJ 14.79MJ 18.21MJ respectively, CP daily intake is 40g 75g, 110g 145g 180g 215g respectively, RDP daily intake is 40g 75g 86g 9g 108g 118g respectively, UDP daily intake 0g 0g 24g 48g 72g 97g respectively.
1．从处于妊娠后期的波尔山羊胚胎移植(移植单胚)受体(奶山羊)中选择72只受体羊，分成9组，每组8只。9组羊分别喂给能量和蛋白两因子三水平的9种日粮。日粮采用两因子三水平试验设计，参考美国NRC(1981)山羊饲养标准，将能量和蛋白质作为两个因子，分别为NRC需要量的80％，100％，120％，分成九个营养组合：Ⅰ组为高能量高蛋白，Ⅱ组为中能量高蛋白，Ⅲ组为低能高蛋白，Ⅳ组为高能中蛋白，Ⅴ组为中能中蛋白，Ⅵ组为低能中蛋白，Ⅶ组为高能低蛋白，Ⅷ组为中能低蛋白，Ⅸ组为低能低蛋白。试验结果表明：Ⅰ组蛋白质、消化能、瘤胃降解蛋白和瘤胃非降解蛋白的食入量较为适宜，即即消化能1.25MJ／kgW~0.75，粗蛋白9.03g／kgW~0.75瘤胃降解蛋白4.98g／kgW~0.75，瘤胃非降解蛋白4.05g／kgW 0.75。
2．选择经胚胎移植产羔后母羊54只，分成9组，每组6只(哺乳单羔)，以NRC(1981)山羊泌乳期饲养标准为参考，9组羊分别喂给能量和蛋白两因子三水平的9种日粮。试验结果表明：受体羊泌乳前期供给消化能1.52MJ／kgW0.75，粗蛋白12.90g／kgW~0.75，瘤胃降解蛋白7.56g／kgW~075，瘤胃非降解蛋白5.34g／kgW0.75较为适宜。回归分析得出平均日蛋白质摄入量与产乳量呈强相关，其回归关系为Y=203.12X-74.857。式中：Y为蛋白质日摄入量(CPI；g)，X为日产奶量(kg)。
3．在3月龄断奶的波尔山羊公羔中选135只波尔山羊分成三组，每组45只，每组设3个重复。设计Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组试验日粮的波尔山羊预期日增重水平分别为250g／d，200g／d，150g／d，实际三组日增重分别为223g、179g、150g。根据Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组试验数据得出波尔山羊干物质采食量(DMI，g／d)、粗蛋白质采食量(CPI，g／d)、瘤胃降解蛋白(RDP，g／d)、瘤胃非降解蛋白(UDP，g／d)及消化能采食量(DEI，KJ／d)与羔羊日增重(△W，g／d)的回归关系如下：
DMI=2.540△W+659.7(r=0.953，p<0.05)
CPI=0.70△W+40.492(r=0.955，p<0.05)
RDPI=0.213△W+65.06(r=0.856，p<0.05)
UDPI=0.488△W-24.56(r=0.984，p<0.05)
DEI=68.56△W+1074.9(r=0.924，p<0.05)根据回归方程，本研究提出了波尔山羊(3～5月龄)日增重0～250g的每日每只营养需要建议参数：即当预期日增重分别为0g、50g、100g、150g、200g、250g时，消化能日供给量分别为1.08MJ、4.50M3、7.93M5、11.36MJ、14.79MJ、18.21MJ，粗蛋白日供给量分别为40g、75g、110g、145g、180g、215g，瘤胃降解蛋白日供给量分别
为409、759、869、979、1089、1189，瘤胃非降解蛋白日供给量分别为09、09、249、
489、729、979。
Experiments were conducted to study the energy, rumen degradable protein and undegradable protein requirements of stall-feeding Boer goats during the period of growing and its recipient by embryo transfer in the last two months of pregnancy and in the first two months of lactation by feeding trial, digestion and determination of feed degradation in rumen.
1. 72 late pregnant (90~142d) milk goats transferred Boer goat embryo were selected and divided into nine groups of 8 each, and respectively fed with nine kinds of diets which were composed of 3 levels of energy (80%, 100%, 120% of NRC(1981) recommending requirement) and 3 levels of protein(80%,100%,120% of NRC(1981) recommending requirement), group I was fed high energy high protein, group II moderate energy high protein , groupIII low energy high protein groupIV high energy moderate protein group V moderate energy moderate protein, groupVI low energy moderate protein, group VII high energy low protein group VIII moderate energy low protein, group K low energy low protein. The result showed that the appropriate intake of energy and protein level was group
I, that is to say , the appropriate DE,RDP and UDP intake of ewes during later pregnancy was 1.25MJ/kgW75, 9.03g/kgW75, 4.98g/kgW75 and 4.05g/kgW75 respectively.
2. 54 ewes, which have only one lamb, were selected and separated into 9 groups of 6 each. Refer to NRC(1981) recommending nutrition requirement, nine groups respectively were fed with nine kinds of diets which were composed of 3 levels of energy (80%, 100%, 120% of NRC(1981) recommending requirement) and 3 levels of protein (80%, 100%, 120% of NRC(1981) recommending requirement). The result indicated that the appropriate DE,CP,RDP and UDP intake of ewes during early lactation was 1.52MJ/kgW0.75, 12.9 g/ kgW0.75, 7.56g/kgW0.75 and 5.34g/kgW0.75 . The relationship between CPI (g) and average daily milk yield(kg) by regressive analysis is Y=203.12X-74.857 (Y: CPI; X: daily milk yield).
3. In order to study the energy and protein requirements of stall-feeding Boer goats, 135 growing male Boer goat weaned at the age of 3 months old were divided into three groups of 45 each group with 3 repeats. Each group was fed with the three different nutrition levels meal rations for expected average daily gain at 250 g/d, 200 g/d and 150 g/d. The results of the mean daily gain of group I, II III were 223 g/d 179 g/d, 150 g/d respectively. According to result of group I, II, HI, relationship of dry matter intake (DMI, g/d) digestible energy intake (DEI, KJ/d) , crude protein intake (CPI, g/d) , ruminal degradable protein (RDP, g/d) or ruminal undegradable protein (UDP, g/d) with average daily gain (W, g/d) of stall-feeding growing Boer goats were analyzed. DMI = 2.540 W+659.7
( r=0.953,p<0.05 ) , CPI = 0. 70 W+40. 492 ( r=0. 955, p<0. 05 ) , RDPI = 0. 213 W+65. 06
(r=0. 856, p<0. 05 ) , UDPI = 0. 488 W-24. 56 (r=0. 984, p<0. 05 ) , DEI = 68. 56 W+1074. 9
(r=0.924,p<0.05)
By the regression equations, we obtained energy and protein requirements of the stall-feeding growing Boer goats aged at 3~5 months when the average daily gain stage is ranged from 0 to 250 g/d. The results are expected to be reference for drafting the energy and protein requirements of Boer goats as national feeding standard. When expected daily gain stage is 0g 50g 100g 150g 200g 250g respectively,DE daily intake is 1.08MJ, 4.50MJ 7.93MJ 11.36MJ 14.79MJ 18.21MJ respectively, CP daily intake is 40g 75g, 110g 145g 180g 215g respectively, RDP daily intake is 40g 75g 86g 9g 108g 118g respectively, UDP daily intake 0g 0g 24g 48g 72g 97g respectively.
引文
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