基于嵌入式Linux的BACnet协议栈实现
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摘要
BACnet标准和LonWorks技术是建筑设备自控网络的两种主流技术和标准。LonWorks技术通过专用硬件和专用软件开发平台为二次应用开发提供了完善的开发环境,应用简单快捷。采用LonWorks技术必须购买专用硬件和软件,不能开发出具有自主知识产权的产品及其系统,虽然可以暂时赢得利益和市场,但从长远的观点来看,失去的是核心竞争力。而采用BACnet标准就可以开发出具有自主知识产权的产品和系统,虽然比较困难,但得到的是核心竞争力。
如果能开发出一个通用BACnet嵌入式操作系统(Embedded OS),进而将它移植到各种嵌入式系统中,则可以创建一个类似于LonWorks技术中的神经元芯片的片上系统(SOC),就可以方便地开发出具有自主知识产权的建筑设备自控设备和产品,冲破国外产品在我国的垄断地位,使我国智能建筑市场迈入健康发展的轨道。
Linux是目前嵌入式系统应用最多的操作系统之一,其内核具有高度模块化和可剪裁的特点,并提供强大的任务管理、定时器管理、存储器管理、队列管理和中断处理等能力。本文在Linux内核中实现了BACnet协议栈的状态机。利用Linux内核的定时机制,实现了BACnet状态机中的分段定时器和请求定时器。在此基础上实现了“读属性”、“写属性”等多种基本的服务。利用Linux内核的队列管理功能,实现了BACnet应用层服务原语。基本建立了一个通用的BACnet嵌入式操作系统软件平台。该软件平台可以根据不同的开发需求,建立不同的对象模型,并将对象映射具体的控制硬件上,就开发出不同的BACnet控制器。
在本文中,将开发出的BACnet嵌入式操作系统软件平台移植到一块ARM嵌入式开发板,测试结果表明协议栈运行良好,符合BACnet协议的规范。
LonWorks and BACnet are two main technology and standard in building automation and control area. By supplying proprietary hardware and software tools, LonWorks makes its use very convenient. LonWorks makes its users rely on its hardware and software tools, so users can’t develop the building automation and control products and systems with proprietary intellectual property rights. Though they can make profits from the market temporarily, they lose the key competitive strength in the far sight. Though there are many problems, if we can develop the building automation and control products and systems that have proprietary intellectual property rights with BACnet standard, we will win the key competitive strength.
If a general BACnet embedded operating system can be developed and transplanted to many kinds of embedded system, then a system on chip similar to the LonWorks Neuron Chip can be developed. We can develop the building automation and control products with proprietary intellectual property rights conveniently, and break the dominance of the foreign products, and make our country’s intelligent building market grow healthily.
Linux is one of the mostly used operating systems in the embedded system area now. Its kernel is highly modular and configurable..It has strong abilities of task management, timer management, memory management, queue management and interrupt management. In this paper, a BACnet state machine has been implemented. Based on the kernel’s timer management ability, the segment timer and the request timer have been achieved. Some basic services such as ReadProperty, WriteProperty have been implemented based on the state machine. Based on the kernel’s queue management ability, the application service primitives have been implemented. Therefore , a basic BACnet communication platform has been developed. According to the different control requirements, different objects model can be made and then mapped to the different control hardware, then different controllers can be developed.
In this paper, the BACnet embedded operating system is transplanted to a embedded system. The test result shows that the embedded operating system runs well and conforms to BACnet standard.
如果能开发出一个通用BACnet嵌入式操作系统(Embedded OS),进而将它移植到各种嵌入式系统中,则可以创建一个类似于LonWorks技术中的神经元芯片的片上系统(SOC),就可以方便地开发出具有自主知识产权的建筑设备自控设备和产品,冲破国外产品在我国的垄断地位,使我国智能建筑市场迈入健康发展的轨道。
Linux是目前嵌入式系统应用最多的操作系统之一,其内核具有高度模块化和可剪裁的特点,并提供强大的任务管理、定时器管理、存储器管理、队列管理和中断处理等能力。本文在Linux内核中实现了BACnet协议栈的状态机。利用Linux内核的定时机制,实现了BACnet状态机中的分段定时器和请求定时器。在此基础上实现了“读属性”、“写属性”等多种基本的服务。利用Linux内核的队列管理功能,实现了BACnet应用层服务原语。基本建立了一个通用的BACnet嵌入式操作系统软件平台。该软件平台可以根据不同的开发需求,建立不同的对象模型,并将对象映射具体的控制硬件上,就开发出不同的BACnet控制器。
在本文中,将开发出的BACnet嵌入式操作系统软件平台移植到一块ARM嵌入式开发板,测试结果表明协议栈运行良好,符合BACnet协议的规范。
LonWorks and BACnet are two main technology and standard in building automation and control area. By supplying proprietary hardware and software tools, LonWorks makes its use very convenient. LonWorks makes its users rely on its hardware and software tools, so users can’t develop the building automation and control products and systems with proprietary intellectual property rights. Though they can make profits from the market temporarily, they lose the key competitive strength in the far sight. Though there are many problems, if we can develop the building automation and control products and systems that have proprietary intellectual property rights with BACnet standard, we will win the key competitive strength.
If a general BACnet embedded operating system can be developed and transplanted to many kinds of embedded system, then a system on chip similar to the LonWorks Neuron Chip can be developed. We can develop the building automation and control products with proprietary intellectual property rights conveniently, and break the dominance of the foreign products, and make our country’s intelligent building market grow healthily.
Linux is one of the mostly used operating systems in the embedded system area now. Its kernel is highly modular and configurable..It has strong abilities of task management, timer management, memory management, queue management and interrupt management. In this paper, a BACnet state machine has been implemented. Based on the kernel’s timer management ability, the segment timer and the request timer have been achieved. Some basic services such as ReadProperty, WriteProperty have been implemented based on the state machine. Based on the kernel’s queue management ability, the application service primitives have been implemented. Therefore , a basic BACnet communication platform has been developed. According to the different control requirements, different objects model can be made and then mapped to the different control hardware, then different controllers can be developed.
In this paper, the BACnet embedded operating system is transplanted to a embedded system. The test result shows that the embedded operating system runs well and conforms to BACnet standard.
引文
[1] 董春桥等. 建筑设备自动化[M]. 北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006,9:1-220
[2] 董春桥. 智能楼宇 BACnet 原理与应用[M]. 北京:电子工业出版社,2003,3:1-405
[3] 董春桥,刘贤德,惠晓实. 基于 Linux 开发 BACnet 的体系结构研究[J]. 华中科技大学学报,2001,10(10):7-9
[4] 董春桥. BACnet 标准在我国推广和应用的思考[J]. 智能建筑与城市信息,2003,10(12):33-35
[5] 董春桥等. “建筑设备自动化”课程建设探讨[J]. 暖通空调,2006,7:49-51
[6] 马莉. 智能控制与 Lon 网络开发技术[M]. 北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003,2: 1-336
[7] Christian Benvenuti. Understanding Linux Network Internals[M]. O’Reilly,2005,12:1-1062
[8] ISO16484-5/ANSI/ASHREA 135-2001 , A Data Communication Protocol for Building Automation and Control Networks[S]. 1-573
[9] Neuron C Reference Guide[M],Echelon. http://www.echelon.com
[10] Neuron C programmer’s Guide[M],Echelon Company
[11] 赵卫等. LonWorks 网络技术及其在 BA 系统中的应用[J]. 电子技术,1992,2:6-8
[12] 聂佳,董春桥. XML 技术在 BACnet 中的应用[J]. 智能建筑与城市信息,2004,11(11): 68-71
[13] 董春桥,胡云鹏,聂佳. 现代 IT 技术对暖通空调制冷产业的影响[J]. 暖通空调,2005,35(7): 50-53
[14] 董春桥,袁博. 楼宇自控系统集成技术及发展方向[J]. 智能建筑与城市信息,2005,12(12): 79-82
[15] 基于 BACnet/Web Services 的楼宇自控系统的开发[J]. 智能建筑,2006,7(7): 34-36
[16] 毛操德,胡希明. Linux 内核源代码情景分析(上)[M]. 浙江,浙江大学出版社,2001,9: 1-534
[17] 毛操德,胡希明. Linux 内核源代码情景分析(下)[M]. 浙江,浙江大学出版社,2001,9: 1-746
[18] The journey of a packet through the linux 2.4 network stack , Harald Welte@gnumonks.org
[19] 李驹光等. ARM 应用系统开发详解[M]. 北京:清华大学出版社,2003,12:1-253
[20] 谢希仁. 计算机网络(第四版)[M]. 北京:电子工业出版社,2003,6:1-100
[21] Nakajima, T. Operating systems for building robust embedded systems[J]. 10th IEEE International Workshop on Object-Oriented Real-Time Dependable Systems, 2005:211-218
[22] Steve Tom. Web Services &BACnet[J]. ASHREA Journal, 2004,46(10):s14-s18
[23] Terry.W.Hoffmann. BACnet for Research Space. ASHREA Journal, 2005,47(11): B20-B22
[24] William.O.Swam. BACnet Moves Forward[J]. Heating/Piping/Air Conditioning Engineering: HPAC, 2004(76), 10: N8
[25] William.O.Swam. BACnet Retrospective[J]. Heating/Piping/Air Conditioning Engineering: HPAC,2004(76), 10:N44-N46
[26] Alex Chervet. XML and Building Automation[J]. ASHRAE Journal, 2004(46),12:24-32
[27] Mark Shaer. BACnet,LonMark,XML Share BAS Limelight[J]. Air Conditioning,Heating & Refrigeration News, 2004(221),2:28-30
[28] Jack McGowan. Learning Lessons With BACnet[J]. ASHREA Journal,2005(47),11:B42-B45
[29] Andrew Mawson. A fresh look at intelligent buildings[J]. Facilities,2003(21),11:260-264
[30] Rick Fellows. Connecting BACnet to the Internet[J]. Heating/Piping/Air Conditioning Engineering:HPAC, 2000(72),3:65-71
[31] Steve Tom. The ABCs of XML for BAS[J]. Heating/Piping/Air Conditioning Engineering:HPAC,2004(76),10:N47-N49
[32] 郭传雄,郑少仁. 对 Linux 操作系统中 TCP/IP 网络协议的 IP 层排队分析[J]。计算机学报,2001,8:860-865
[33] 郝京宇等. 协议栈的实现方法[J]。计算机工程,2004,7:93-94
[34] 涂刚等. 嵌入式操作系统综述[J]。计算机应用研究,2000,3:4-5
[35] 满春涛,李鹏. 嵌入式 Linux 操作系统实时性的分析与研究[J]。自动化技术与应用,2005(24),5:40-42
[36] LonMARK Device Interface File[M]. Echelon company.
[37] Josef Papenfort. Centralized vs. distributed control[J]. Control Engineering,2005,52(7):14-18
[38] Kevin Callahan. The future of controls:Enterprise networks[J]. Heating/Piping/Air Conditioning Engineering:HPAC, 2003,7:65-69
[39] W.Richard Stenvens. Unix 网络编程(第二版)第一卷:套接口 API X/Open 传输接口 API[M]. 北京:清华大学出版社,1999,7:1-400
[40] W.Richard Stenvens.TCP/IP 详解卷 2:实现[M]. 北京:机械工业出版社,2005,4:1-880
[41] GIACOMO CABRI. XML dataspaces for the coordination of internet agents[J],Applied Artificail Intelligence. 2001,15:35-50
[42] Douglas E.Comer. Computer networks and Internets[M]. 北京:清华大学出版社,Prentice Hall,2000:1-234
[43] D.Gardigen. A web based system for heating ventilation and air conditioning system sales support[J]. Knowledge-based Systems.1999,12:207-214
[44] Guo Tian. The design and accomplishment of serial communication based on ARM and uClinux[J]. Control & Automation,2005(3):58-59
[45] Visual Test Shell for BACnet. http://sourceforge.net
[46] W.Richard Stevens. Unix 环境高级编程[M]. 北京:机械工业出版社,2000,2:1-300
[47] David Fisher. XML,Web Services,and the Problems of Enterprise-Level Data Exchange[J]. Heating/Piping/Air Conditioning Engineering,2004,74(4):13-14
[48] Joanne Friedrick. Building automation’s lead in open systems presents options[J]. Security Systems News,2004,7(9):51-52
[49] Automated Logic Corporation. White Paper information Model: The Key to Intergrating BAS with Other Enterprise Applications,2004. http://www.automatedlogic.com
[50] C.Q.Dong and P.F.Hu. Research of a New Methodologh For Intergration BAS With Multiple Standards[J]. International Journal on Architectural Science,2004,5:52-57
[51] BSR/ASHRAE Addendum c to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard135-2004,2004,10:1-9
[52] Joscph P.Bigus &Jennifer Bigus. Constructing Intelligent Agent with Java A programmer’s guide to smart application[M],Wiley Computer Publishing,2003,5:1-433
[53] Duffy O’Craven. Context Tagging Within BACnet[J]. ASHRAE Journal,2005(47),11:B8-B9
[54] Paul Davidsson,Magnus Boman. Distributed monitoring and control of office buildings by embedded agents[J]. Information Sciences,2005(171):293-307
[55] Anonymous. Intelligencd and Integration[J]. Building,2003(97),10:22
[56] James.M.Lee. Maximizing building performance[J]. Building,2001(95),7:34-38
[57] Paul Vaillancourt, Julia Johnson. Monitroing Network Aware Sensors Using BACnet[J]. IJCSNS International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security,2006,(6):15-23
[58] David.G.Holmberg. Secure Messaging in BACnet[J]. ASHRAE Journal,2005(47),11:B23-B26
[59] James Piper. Understanding open protocols[J]. Building Operating Management.2001(48),8:42-50
[2] 董春桥. 智能楼宇 BACnet 原理与应用[M]. 北京:电子工业出版社,2003,3:1-405
[3] 董春桥,刘贤德,惠晓实. 基于 Linux 开发 BACnet 的体系结构研究[J]. 华中科技大学学报,2001,10(10):7-9
[4] 董春桥. BACnet 标准在我国推广和应用的思考[J]. 智能建筑与城市信息,2003,10(12):33-35
[5] 董春桥等. “建筑设备自动化”课程建设探讨[J]. 暖通空调,2006,7:49-51
[6] 马莉. 智能控制与 Lon 网络开发技术[M]. 北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003,2: 1-336
[7] Christian Benvenuti. Understanding Linux Network Internals[M]. O’Reilly,2005,12:1-1062
[8] ISO16484-5/ANSI/ASHREA 135-2001 , A Data Communication Protocol for Building Automation and Control Networks[S]. 1-573
[9] Neuron C Reference Guide[M],Echelon. http://www.echelon.com
[10] Neuron C programmer’s Guide[M],Echelon Company
[11] 赵卫等. LonWorks 网络技术及其在 BA 系统中的应用[J]. 电子技术,1992,2:6-8
[12] 聂佳,董春桥. XML 技术在 BACnet 中的应用[J]. 智能建筑与城市信息,2004,11(11): 68-71
[13] 董春桥,胡云鹏,聂佳. 现代 IT 技术对暖通空调制冷产业的影响[J]. 暖通空调,2005,35(7): 50-53
[14] 董春桥,袁博. 楼宇自控系统集成技术及发展方向[J]. 智能建筑与城市信息,2005,12(12): 79-82
[15] 基于 BACnet/Web Services 的楼宇自控系统的开发[J]. 智能建筑,2006,7(7): 34-36
[16] 毛操德,胡希明. Linux 内核源代码情景分析(上)[M]. 浙江,浙江大学出版社,2001,9: 1-534
[17] 毛操德,胡希明. Linux 内核源代码情景分析(下)[M]. 浙江,浙江大学出版社,2001,9: 1-746
[18] The journey of a packet through the linux 2.4 network stack , Harald Welte@gnumonks.org
[19] 李驹光等. ARM 应用系统开发详解[M]. 北京:清华大学出版社,2003,12:1-253
[20] 谢希仁. 计算机网络(第四版)[M]. 北京:电子工业出版社,2003,6:1-100
[21] Nakajima, T. Operating systems for building robust embedded systems[J]. 10th IEEE International Workshop on Object-Oriented Real-Time Dependable Systems, 2005:211-218
[22] Steve Tom. Web Services &BACnet[J]. ASHREA Journal, 2004,46(10):s14-s18
[23] Terry.W.Hoffmann. BACnet for Research Space. ASHREA Journal, 2005,47(11): B20-B22
[24] William.O.Swam. BACnet Moves Forward[J]. Heating/Piping/Air Conditioning Engineering: HPAC, 2004(76), 10: N8
[25] William.O.Swam. BACnet Retrospective[J]. Heating/Piping/Air Conditioning Engineering: HPAC,2004(76), 10:N44-N46
[26] Alex Chervet. XML and Building Automation[J]. ASHRAE Journal, 2004(46),12:24-32
[27] Mark Shaer. BACnet,LonMark,XML Share BAS Limelight[J]. Air Conditioning,Heating & Refrigeration News, 2004(221),2:28-30
[28] Jack McGowan. Learning Lessons With BACnet[J]. ASHREA Journal,2005(47),11:B42-B45
[29] Andrew Mawson. A fresh look at intelligent buildings[J]. Facilities,2003(21),11:260-264
[30] Rick Fellows. Connecting BACnet to the Internet[J]. Heating/Piping/Air Conditioning Engineering:HPAC, 2000(72),3:65-71
[31] Steve Tom. The ABCs of XML for BAS[J]. Heating/Piping/Air Conditioning Engineering:HPAC,2004(76),10:N47-N49
[32] 郭传雄,郑少仁. 对 Linux 操作系统中 TCP/IP 网络协议的 IP 层排队分析[J]。计算机学报,2001,8:860-865
[33] 郝京宇等. 协议栈的实现方法[J]。计算机工程,2004,7:93-94
[34] 涂刚等. 嵌入式操作系统综述[J]。计算机应用研究,2000,3:4-5
[35] 满春涛,李鹏. 嵌入式 Linux 操作系统实时性的分析与研究[J]。自动化技术与应用,2005(24),5:40-42
[36] LonMARK Device Interface File[M]. Echelon company.
[37] Josef Papenfort. Centralized vs. distributed control[J]. Control Engineering,2005,52(7):14-18
[38] Kevin Callahan. The future of controls:Enterprise networks[J]. Heating/Piping/Air Conditioning Engineering:HPAC, 2003,7:65-69
[39] W.Richard Stenvens. Unix 网络编程(第二版)第一卷:套接口 API X/Open 传输接口 API[M]. 北京:清华大学出版社,1999,7:1-400
[40] W.Richard Stenvens.TCP/IP 详解卷 2:实现[M]. 北京:机械工业出版社,2005,4:1-880
[41] GIACOMO CABRI. XML dataspaces for the coordination of internet agents[J],Applied Artificail Intelligence. 2001,15:35-50
[42] Douglas E.Comer. Computer networks and Internets[M]. 北京:清华大学出版社,Prentice Hall,2000:1-234
[43] D.Gardigen. A web based system for heating ventilation and air conditioning system sales support[J]. Knowledge-based Systems.1999,12:207-214
[44] Guo Tian. The design and accomplishment of serial communication based on ARM and uClinux[J]. Control & Automation,2005(3):58-59
[45] Visual Test Shell for BACnet. http://sourceforge.net
[46] W.Richard Stevens. Unix 环境高级编程[M]. 北京:机械工业出版社,2000,2:1-300
[47] David Fisher. XML,Web Services,and the Problems of Enterprise-Level Data Exchange[J]. Heating/Piping/Air Conditioning Engineering,2004,74(4):13-14
[48] Joanne Friedrick. Building automation’s lead in open systems presents options[J]. Security Systems News,2004,7(9):51-52
[49] Automated Logic Corporation. White Paper information Model: The Key to Intergrating BAS with Other Enterprise Applications,2004. http://www.automatedlogic.com
[50] C.Q.Dong and P.F.Hu. Research of a New Methodologh For Intergration BAS With Multiple Standards[J]. International Journal on Architectural Science,2004,5:52-57
[51] BSR/ASHRAE Addendum c to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard135-2004,2004,10:1-9
[52] Joscph P.Bigus &Jennifer Bigus. Constructing Intelligent Agent with Java A programmer’s guide to smart application[M],Wiley Computer Publishing,2003,5:1-433
[53] Duffy O’Craven. Context Tagging Within BACnet[J]. ASHRAE Journal,2005(47),11:B8-B9
[54] Paul Davidsson,Magnus Boman. Distributed monitoring and control of office buildings by embedded agents[J]. Information Sciences,2005(171):293-307
[55] Anonymous. Intelligencd and Integration[J]. Building,2003(97),10:22
[56] James.M.Lee. Maximizing building performance[J]. Building,2001(95),7:34-38
[57] Paul Vaillancourt, Julia Johnson. Monitroing Network Aware Sensors Using BACnet[J]. IJCSNS International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security,2006,(6):15-23
[58] David.G.Holmberg. Secure Messaging in BACnet[J]. ASHRAE Journal,2005(47),11:B23-B26
[59] James Piper. Understanding open protocols[J]. Building Operating Management.2001(48),8:42-50