基于ARM9用电管理终端的设计与实现
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摘要
嵌入式系统是以应用为中心,以计算机技术为基础,并且软硬件可裁减,适用于对功能、可靠性、成本、体积、功耗有严格要求的专用计算机系统。嵌入式linux系统是将普通linux操作系统进行裁剪、修改,使之能在嵌入式计算机系统上运行的一种操作系统。
嵌入式产品主要由嵌入式硬件及嵌入式操作系统组成,在嵌入式操作系统中,由于开源和可移植等优点,嵌入式linux脱颖而出,目前在ARM等流行平台上移植比较成功。本项目正是采用的是arm9加上linux2.6的嵌入式操作系统。
本课题研究的是基于at91sam9260的嵌入式系统用电管理终端设计及实现,首先从总体上给出了系统开发的设计原则及总体结构,并分析了嵌入式软硬件平台的选择的原因,然后对硬件上的CPU芯片、通信模块、存储器等需求提供了解决方案,并给出了其接口电路。介绍了软件开发环境的搭建方法,详细分析了用电管理终端与电表和主站通信的通信协议及通信流程。
Bootloader是系统上电后,操作系统运行之前的一段代码,它担负着初始化硬件和引导操作系统的双重责任。本文对bootloader移植平台的硬件资源,地址规划,程序的启动流程进行了细致的分析,并完成了uboot移植的实践。除完成BootLoader的基本功能,引导内核映像从flash启动外,还实现了部分的扩展功能,添加了几种uboot命令和用usb口来调试程序。
测试结果表明,本文研究的用电管理终端达到了设计的要求,硬件电路功能稳定;软件上除了实现基本了抄表功能之外,还能实现功率、电量控制,报警,远程升级等功能,相比以前的抄表终端来说,功能更多,又由于采用了linux操作系统管理应用程序,所以性能上更加稳定,可以广泛应用于配变站,工厂等场合。
Embedded system is a special computer system, which is based on computer technology, centering on applications, and is optional in software and hardware. While embedded Linux system is an embedded operating system which is cut down from common Linux.
Embedded products are mainly composed of embedded hardware and embedded operating system. Embedded Linux distinguishes itself among the existing operating systems owing to its open-source, possibility to transplant and mang other merits. And, there are various successful cases of transplantation into popular platforms, such as ARM's.
The research is design and implementation of power management terminals which based on the at91sam9260 of embedded systems, first of all, gives the overall design principles and overall structure, and analysis of the choice of embedded software and hardware platform, and then gives the solution on the hardware such as CPU chip, communications module, as well as memory requirements, and designs its interface circuit, it introduces a build methods to construct the software development environment, gives detailed information on the management of end-use of electricity meters and the main station about the communication protocol and communication communication process.
Bootloader is a section of code which after the power up of the system, before the operating system running, it is assumed to initialize the hardware and the dual responsibility to guide the operating system. This article detailedly analyses the hardware resources, planning of the address, and start-up procedures of the transplant platform of the bootloader. Then completes of the practice of transplantation of uboot, in addition to the basic functions of BootLoader, which guide the kernel image starting from flash, but also to achieve some of the extensions, such as, adding several uboot commands and debuging the programs by the USB port.
The test results show that the design of power management terminal to meet the design requirements, the stability of the hardware circuit functions; in addition to the realization of the basic features of the meter reading, but also the realization of power, energy control, alarm, remote upgrade etc. comparing the terminals to the previous, the functions are more and as a result of using the Linux operating system to manage applications, so it has better stable performance, can be widely used in distribution transformer stations, factories and so on.
嵌入式产品主要由嵌入式硬件及嵌入式操作系统组成,在嵌入式操作系统中,由于开源和可移植等优点,嵌入式linux脱颖而出,目前在ARM等流行平台上移植比较成功。本项目正是采用的是arm9加上linux2.6的嵌入式操作系统。
本课题研究的是基于at91sam9260的嵌入式系统用电管理终端设计及实现,首先从总体上给出了系统开发的设计原则及总体结构,并分析了嵌入式软硬件平台的选择的原因,然后对硬件上的CPU芯片、通信模块、存储器等需求提供了解决方案,并给出了其接口电路。介绍了软件开发环境的搭建方法,详细分析了用电管理终端与电表和主站通信的通信协议及通信流程。
Bootloader是系统上电后,操作系统运行之前的一段代码,它担负着初始化硬件和引导操作系统的双重责任。本文对bootloader移植平台的硬件资源,地址规划,程序的启动流程进行了细致的分析,并完成了uboot移植的实践。除完成BootLoader的基本功能,引导内核映像从flash启动外,还实现了部分的扩展功能,添加了几种uboot命令和用usb口来调试程序。
测试结果表明,本文研究的用电管理终端达到了设计的要求,硬件电路功能稳定;软件上除了实现基本了抄表功能之外,还能实现功率、电量控制,报警,远程升级等功能,相比以前的抄表终端来说,功能更多,又由于采用了linux操作系统管理应用程序,所以性能上更加稳定,可以广泛应用于配变站,工厂等场合。
Embedded system is a special computer system, which is based on computer technology, centering on applications, and is optional in software and hardware. While embedded Linux system is an embedded operating system which is cut down from common Linux.
Embedded products are mainly composed of embedded hardware and embedded operating system. Embedded Linux distinguishes itself among the existing operating systems owing to its open-source, possibility to transplant and mang other merits. And, there are various successful cases of transplantation into popular platforms, such as ARM's.
The research is design and implementation of power management terminals which based on the at91sam9260 of embedded systems, first of all, gives the overall design principles and overall structure, and analysis of the choice of embedded software and hardware platform, and then gives the solution on the hardware such as CPU chip, communications module, as well as memory requirements, and designs its interface circuit, it introduces a build methods to construct the software development environment, gives detailed information on the management of end-use of electricity meters and the main station about the communication protocol and communication communication process.
Bootloader is a section of code which after the power up of the system, before the operating system running, it is assumed to initialize the hardware and the dual responsibility to guide the operating system. This article detailedly analyses the hardware resources, planning of the address, and start-up procedures of the transplant platform of the bootloader. Then completes of the practice of transplantation of uboot, in addition to the basic functions of BootLoader, which guide the kernel image starting from flash, but also to achieve some of the extensions, such as, adding several uboot commands and debuging the programs by the USB port.
The test results show that the design of power management terminal to meet the design requirements, the stability of the hardware circuit functions; in addition to the realization of the basic features of the meter reading, but also the realization of power, energy control, alarm, remote upgrade etc. comparing the terminals to the previous, the functions are more and as a result of using the Linux operating system to manage applications, so it has better stable performance, can be widely used in distribution transformer stations, factories and so on.
引文
[1]刘洋.基于S3C44BO的Bootloader设计与实现:[硕士学位论文],2007
[2]杜春雷.ARM体系结构与编程.北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[3]Daniel P.Bovet.Understanding the Linux Kernel.O' Reilly,2002
[4]Robert.Love Linux Kernel Development.Novell Press,2006
[5]Rajesh Palani.Linux Porting Guide,http://www.embedded.com/
[6]周伟基.基于电力线载波技术的居民小区自动抄表系统.电子工程师[J],2003
[7]赵阳,周海军,邵世祥.一种远程自动电话抄表系统.电子技术[J].2001,28(5):26-2
[8]张进,姜威.U-Boot的启动流程及移植.国外电子元器件,2005.5
[9]于明,曾详烨.ARM9嵌入式系统设计与开发教程.北京:电子工业出版社,2006
[10]电力负荷管理系统数据传输规约,2005
[11]Arnold Berger.Embedded Systems Design(An Introduction to Processes,Tools and Techniques).CMP Books,2002:167190
[12]ARM Architecture reference Manual.Advanced RISC Machines Ltd(ARM),1999
[13]Mark G.Sobell.A Practical Guide to Red Hat LinuxB.Addison Wesley.2004.2
[14]ARM Limited.The APM-Thumb Procedure Call Standard.2000
[15]吕捷编.gprs技术.北京邮电大学出版社,2004
[16]慕春棣.嵌入式系统的构建.清华大学出版社,2004
[17]王成儒,李英伟.USB2.0原理与工程开发.北京:国防工业出版社,2004
[18]贾明,严世贤.Linux下的C编程.北京:人民邮电出版社,2001
[19]曹程远.U-Boot在S3C2410上的移植.微型电脑应用,2005.7
[20]魏平等.Linux体系结构及嵌入式Linux的移植方法.东南大学学报,2004.11
[21]五薇.基于嵌入式Linux的BootLoader的设计与应用.西南交通大学硕士论文,2006
[22]宋国军,林学龙.嵌入式系统中U-Boot基本特点及其移植方法.上海大学,2004
[23]焦振强,殷洪军.用U-BOOT构建嵌入式系统的引导装载程序.中国科技大学,2004
[24]Aaron,V.-Y.Leburton,J.-P.Flash memory:towards single-electronics,IEEE,2002.12
[25]Byeong-Hoon Lee,Young-Ho Lim.Sense Amplifier Circuit for a Flashmemory Device.United States Patent,2006(12):25-32
[26]Janne Riihijarvi,Petri Mahonen,mika J Samanen.Providing Network Connectivity for Small Appliances:A Functionally Minimized Embedded WebServer.IEEE Communications Magazine,2005,45(10):74-79
[27]Rick Lehrbaum.Using Linux in Embeded and Real-time Systems.Computing system Journal,2005,22(3):88-96
[28]陈莉君,冯锐,牛欣源译.深入理解Linux内核(第二版).中国电力出版社,2004
[29]赵兴勇,马小丹等.远程白动抄表系统研究.电力学报[J],2005.15(1):34-36
[30]李佑军.嵌入式系统综述.现代电子技术,[J].2003(6):90-91
[31]孙天泽,袁文菊,张海峰.嵌入式设计及LINUX驱动开发指南-基于ARM9处理器.北京:电子工业出版社,2005.1
[32]赖中安.基于AT91RAM9200的过程自动系统设计.吉林大学硕士论文,2005
[33]Anders Hammarqvist.LINUX IN THE WORKPLACE.IEEE Software,February1999:52-57
[34]Wookey.Porting Linux kernel to new hardware Platform//www.intel.com/
[35]罗从难,孙玉芳.嵌入式系统及其特点.信息系统工程[J],2000(10):32-32
[36]Ganssle Jack G.The Art of Programming Embedded Systems.Academic Press,2002:10-17
[37]曾宏安,齐尧,焦振强.用U-boot构建嵌入式系统的引导装载程序.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2005.(2):82-85
[38]王东,李哲英.U-boot在S3C4480上的移植.北京交通大学学报,2006.(25):25-28
[39]钱峰,刘晔,范静辉.U-boot在S3C4480上的移植.微型计算机信息,2006
[40]张金龙.基于ARM-Linux的嵌入式系统研究与软硬件实现.北方交通大学硕士论文,2005
[41]周红霞.嵌入式LINUX系统的引导过程及启动代码分析.电脑开发与应用,2005.2
[42]马忠梅等.ARM嵌入式处理器结构与应用基础.北京航空航天大学出版社,2002.1
[43]多功能电能表通信规约DL/T 645-1997.
[44]王琦.基于嵌入式操作系统的远程抄表监控终端设计.[硕士学位论文],2005
[2]杜春雷.ARM体系结构与编程.北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[3]Daniel P.Bovet.Understanding the Linux Kernel.O' Reilly,2002
[4]Robert.Love Linux Kernel Development.Novell Press,2006
[5]Rajesh Palani.Linux Porting Guide,http://www.embedded.com/
[6]周伟基.基于电力线载波技术的居民小区自动抄表系统.电子工程师[J],2003
[7]赵阳,周海军,邵世祥.一种远程自动电话抄表系统.电子技术[J].2001,28(5):26-2
[8]张进,姜威.U-Boot的启动流程及移植.国外电子元器件,2005.5
[9]于明,曾详烨.ARM9嵌入式系统设计与开发教程.北京:电子工业出版社,2006
[10]电力负荷管理系统数据传输规约,2005
[11]Arnold Berger.Embedded Systems Design(An Introduction to Processes,Tools and Techniques).CMP Books,2002:167190
[12]ARM Architecture reference Manual.Advanced RISC Machines Ltd(ARM),1999
[13]Mark G.Sobell.A Practical Guide to Red Hat LinuxB.Addison Wesley.2004.2
[14]ARM Limited.The APM-Thumb Procedure Call Standard.2000
[15]吕捷编.gprs技术.北京邮电大学出版社,2004
[16]慕春棣.嵌入式系统的构建.清华大学出版社,2004
[17]王成儒,李英伟.USB2.0原理与工程开发.北京:国防工业出版社,2004
[18]贾明,严世贤.Linux下的C编程.北京:人民邮电出版社,2001
[19]曹程远.U-Boot在S3C2410上的移植.微型电脑应用,2005.7
[20]魏平等.Linux体系结构及嵌入式Linux的移植方法.东南大学学报,2004.11
[21]五薇.基于嵌入式Linux的BootLoader的设计与应用.西南交通大学硕士论文,2006
[22]宋国军,林学龙.嵌入式系统中U-Boot基本特点及其移植方法.上海大学,2004
[23]焦振强,殷洪军.用U-BOOT构建嵌入式系统的引导装载程序.中国科技大学,2004
[24]Aaron,V.-Y.Leburton,J.-P.Flash memory:towards single-electronics,IEEE,2002.12
[25]Byeong-Hoon Lee,Young-Ho Lim.Sense Amplifier Circuit for a Flashmemory Device.United States Patent,2006(12):25-32
[26]Janne Riihijarvi,Petri Mahonen,mika J Samanen.Providing Network Connectivity for Small Appliances:A Functionally Minimized Embedded WebServer.IEEE Communications Magazine,2005,45(10):74-79
[27]Rick Lehrbaum.Using Linux in Embeded and Real-time Systems.Computing system Journal,2005,22(3):88-96
[28]陈莉君,冯锐,牛欣源译.深入理解Linux内核(第二版).中国电力出版社,2004
[29]赵兴勇,马小丹等.远程白动抄表系统研究.电力学报[J],2005.15(1):34-36
[30]李佑军.嵌入式系统综述.现代电子技术,[J].2003(6):90-91
[31]孙天泽,袁文菊,张海峰.嵌入式设计及LINUX驱动开发指南-基于ARM9处理器.北京:电子工业出版社,2005.1
[32]赖中安.基于AT91RAM9200的过程自动系统设计.吉林大学硕士论文,2005
[33]Anders Hammarqvist.LINUX IN THE WORKPLACE.IEEE Software,February1999:52-57
[34]Wookey.Porting Linux kernel to new hardware Platform//www.intel.com/
[35]罗从难,孙玉芳.嵌入式系统及其特点.信息系统工程[J],2000(10):32-32
[36]Ganssle Jack G.The Art of Programming Embedded Systems.Academic Press,2002:10-17
[37]曾宏安,齐尧,焦振强.用U-boot构建嵌入式系统的引导装载程序.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2005.(2):82-85
[38]王东,李哲英.U-boot在S3C4480上的移植.北京交通大学学报,2006.(25):25-28
[39]钱峰,刘晔,范静辉.U-boot在S3C4480上的移植.微型计算机信息,2006
[40]张金龙.基于ARM-Linux的嵌入式系统研究与软硬件实现.北方交通大学硕士论文,2005
[41]周红霞.嵌入式LINUX系统的引导过程及启动代码分析.电脑开发与应用,2005.2
[42]马忠梅等.ARM嵌入式处理器结构与应用基础.北京航空航天大学出版社,2002.1
[43]多功能电能表通信规约DL/T 645-1997.
[44]王琦.基于嵌入式操作系统的远程抄表监控终端设计.[硕士学位论文],2005