石油钻铤螺纹修复理论研究
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摘要
石油钻铤用于石油油井钻探,处在钻柱的最下部,通过管锥螺纹与钻杆及钻头连接。由于工作环境恶劣,所以受磨损的频率较高,需要经常维护更新以保证钻井平台的正常工作。对于受损螺纹的修复,一般是在原有螺纹的基础上再加工,达到可以满足工作需要的螺纹精度。螺纹修复可以提高石油勘探、开采行业使用钻杆钻铤的设备重复利用率,延长钻铤的实际使用寿命,同时还能起到节约资源的效用。普通车床修复螺纹效率较低而且加工精度比较低,数控车床螺纹加工原理与钻铤螺纹修复原理有一定的区别,影响生产加工效率以及螺纹精度。
     课题以机床机构运动原理与螺纹修复的理论作为重点研究内容。分析普通车床的机械结构以及使用普通车床加工螺纹的进给运动规律,并运用空间几何的方法将这种运动以运动函数关系式的方式描述出来。深层次地分析了两种不同螺纹加工方法的车削进给原理,以及如何保证螺纹加工的运动关系从而加工出牙型正确的螺纹。运用空间几何的方法描述数控车床螺纹加工以及螺纹修复运动函数。深层次地分析了机床数控系统以及如何保证螺纹加工运动关系从而加工出牙型正确的螺纹。通过对钻铤螺纹修复思想的理解以及车床车削螺纹机械结构和进给运动原理的分析,提出了数控车床螺纹修复系统的“零位信号补偿法”。并依据数控车床加工螺纹的运动原理及原螺纹加工轨迹寻址规律,对零位信号补偿法进行原理论证。
     利用FANUC数控编程系统,编写了数控修复钻铤锥螺纹零位补偿宏程序,用于实现原螺纹的修复以及原螺纹加工轨迹的准确寻址。介绍CAM软件Mastercam,并使用该软件从建模到编程以及刀具的仿真加工整个过程应用于钻铤管锥螺纹修复加工生产。一方面可以验证上述螺纹修复原理应用的可行性;另一方面将计算机辅助生产CAM系统引进管锥螺纹修复领域,有利于CAM推广,同时提高生产加工效率。
Petroleum drill collar is used for oil-well drilling, which is installed at thebottom of the drill stem to combine drill pipe with drill bit. In order to make sure thenormal work of drilling platform under the rough working condition, the drill collarmust be maintained frequently. We often repair the damaged screw along the originalthread track to meet the screw machining precision. It is not only to improve thedrilling collar repeatedly utilization rate and prolong the drilling collar service life,but also play important part on economizing recourse. Now more and more factoriesuse the CNC lathe to repair screw instead of center lathe, for the higher efficiency andbetter machining precision. Cause the different principles between manufacturingscrews and repairing screws on the CNC lathe, it is difficult to set tool accurately.Therefore, we also cannot get higher machining efficiency through CNC lathe.
     Take the lathe machine motion principle and thread repairing as the researchobject. Analyze the basic structure of center lathe and the lathe feed motion tomanufacture the screw, through space analytic geometry theory to make the processunderstood. Learn the lathe feed motion principle of the two different thread methodsand how the lathe produce thread under the thread feed motion law. Analyze the basicstructure of CNC lathe and the lathe servo system feed motion to manufacture thescrew, through space analytic geometry t theory to make the process understood.Learn the CNC servo system feed motion principle and how the CNC lathe producethread under the thread feed motion law. Based on the understanding of threadrepairing principle and the lathe feeding principle of manufacturing screw, we bringup the “Null Signal Retrieval Method”. According to CNC lathe feeding principle inmanufacturing screw and original thread seeking site principle, testify the “NullSignal Retrieval Method”.
     Write the Null Signal retrieval Macro Program, which is used to seek the originalscrew track, of repairing thread in the FANUC CNC system. In the text we introduceinto a CAM soft named Mastercam, and we use it to create3D model and simulate thecutter track of screw repairing. And this process can testify feasibility of threadrepairing principle, spread the CAM soft usage in thread repairing field and improvethe produce efficiency.
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