固阀洗涤塔对煤气化飞灰的洗涤特性及机理研究
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摘要
以多喷嘴对置式气流床气化技术为研究背景,合成气初步净化工艺中的关键设备-洗涤塔为研究对象,采用实验和数值模拟相结合的方法对固阀塔板上的多相流动、洗涤特性及洗涤机理等进行了系统研究。主要内容和研究结果如下：
1.利用电导探针从单孔固阀塔板鼓泡入手,重点研究了单孔和多孔固阀塔板上气液两相流动情况,得出固阀塔板轴向高度上气液界面参数-局部气含率、气泡速度、气液比表面积及气泡尺寸统计规律。
2.通过实验研究洗涤塔内气体流量、液体流量、颗粒粒径、颗粒浓度以及塔板数对洗涤效率的影响,发现15μm以上飞灰颗粒洗涤效率几乎为100%；3-15μm的飞灰颗粒,洗涤效率均随着气体流量的增加而增加；1μm以下飞灰颗粒随气体流量的增加洗涤效率逐渐降低。不同粒径飞灰颗粒的洗涤效率均随液体流量的增加而增加。随着气相中颗粒浓度的增加,5μm以上飞灰颗粒的洗涤效率会略有增加,3-5μm之间飞灰颗粒的洗涤效率受颗粒浓度影响不大,3μm以下颗粒随飞灰浓度的增加,洗涤效率显著降低。综合分析固阀塔板上气泡流体力学、系统特性及操作变量对洗涤效率的影响,根据固阀塔板上飞灰质量守恒原则提出预测固阀洗涤塔的洗涤效率模型：
3.通过矩估计方法对固阀塔板上洗涤除尘过程进行了深入研究,分析了气液流动特性对洗涤效率的影响、飞灰颗粒在洗涤过程中的粒径分布特性及颗粒润湿性对洗涤效率的影响。发现飞灰颗粒穿过塔板上密集鼓泡层的过程中,飞灰颗粒的几何标准偏差逐渐降低；扩散作用主导区域下的飞灰颗粒其几何平均粒径逐渐增加,惯性撞击占主导作用下的飞灰颗粒,其几何平均粒径迅速下降；但处于扩散作用向惯性撞击作用过渡区的飞灰颗粒,其几何平均粒径几乎没有变化。气泡速度,气泡尺寸和气含率等气液界面参数对固阀塔板的洗涤效率有较大影响。随气泡尺寸的降低和气含率的增加,各粒度级飞灰颗粒洗涤效率均明显提高；随气泡速度的增加,扩散作用占主区域下的飞灰颗粒其洗涤效率逐渐降低,但惯性撞击占主导作用下的飞灰颗粒其洗涤效率逐渐增加。
4.对固阀塔板上泡沫层中飞灰颗粒浓度分布及塔板上方分离空间颗粒夹带速率进行研究。发现塔板上泡沫层内悬浮颗粒浓度与泡沫层高度、颗粒粒径及气液流量等因素有关。对于给定的表观气速和泡沫层高度,悬浮颗粒百分含量与颗粒粒径成反比,但受灰水浓度影响不大。泡沫层上方颗粒夹带速率受板间距、表观气速和泡沫层表面颗粒浓度影响较大。随气体流量增加或泡沫层表面颗粒浓度增大,颗粒夹带量会增加；随泡沫层高度增加,颗粒夹带量减少。泡沫层表而颗粒浓度随着表观气速的增加和溢流堰高度的降低而增大。通过对飞灰颗粒在气泡尾涡内的受力分析,建立了泡沫层内飞灰颗粒浓度分布模型,并且结合塔板上方分离空间的雾沫火带速率,建立了固阀塔板上颗粒火带速率模型。
This study is motivated against Opposed Multi-Burner (OMB) entrained-flow gasification background. The study object is fixed valve tray column that is the key equipment used in syngas preliminary purification process. The multiphase flow fields, scrubbing characteristics and mechanism of fixed valve tray column have been investigated by experimental and numerical simulation. The detailed contents are as follows:
1. Starting with the single-orifice bubbling with the double-sensor conductivity probe, the study lays stress on the gas-liquid two-phase flow on fixed valve trays with single and multiple orifices. The statistical laws of the phase interfacial parameters-gas holdup, interfacial area concentration, mean bubble size and mean bubble velocity along the axial height on the fixed valve tray have been obtained.
2. The effect of gas and liquid flow rate, particle size, particle concentration and tray number on collection efficiency of fixed valve tray column have been studied through experiment. For particles larger than15μm, the collection efficiency can achieve about100%. For particles3-15μm, the collection efficiency will increase with increasing gas flow rate while for particles smaller than1μm, the collection efficiency decreases with increasing gas flow rate. The collection efficiencies of all particles increase with liquid flow rate. With increasing inlet particle concentrations, for particles larger than5μm the collection efficiencies increases slightly while for particles smaller than3μm, the collection efficiencies decrease apparently and for particle size between them the collection efficiency have no obvious improving. Comprehensive analysis the effects of bubble hydrodynamics, system property, and operation conditions on the collection efficiency, and a mathematical model based on mass balance was proposed to predict fly-ash particle collection efficiency in fixed valve tray column:
3. The moment method was introduced to analysis the scrubbing process on fixed valve tray.The effect of gas-liquid flow characteristics and particle wettability on particle collection efficiency were also studied.The effect of gas-liquid flow characteristics on particle collection efficiency and particle size distribution properties in scrubbing process were analyzed. The results show that as particles pass through the bubble column, the geometric standard deviations of the size distribution of fly-ash particles decrease. The geometric mean diameter of fly-ash particles in the diffusion-dominant region increases, whereas it decreases in the impaction-dominant region. Bubble velocity, bubble size and gas hold-up play an important role in determining the particle collection efficiency of bubble columns. The collection efTiciency is enhanced in the entire particle size range either as bubble size decreases or as gas hold-up increases. With increase of bubble velocity, the particle collection efficiency in the diffusion-dominant region decreases, whereas it increases in the impaction-dominant region.
4. The suspend particle concentration distribution in froth and particle entrainment rate above the froth of fixed valve tray column were investigated experimentally and theoretically. The experiment results indicate that only a fraction of the particle loading gets suspended in the froth. This fraction turns out to be largely dependent on the froth height, particle size, gas and liquid flow rates. However it is insensitive to particle loading variations. The results also reveal the particle entrainment rates above the froth depend more sensitively on the froth height, the bubbling rate and the vertical distance from the froth surface. With increasing gas flow rate or surface particle concentration, particle entrainment rate will increase while with increasing froth height, particle entrainment rate decreases. The surface particle concentrations will increase with increase superficial gas flow rate or decrease weir height. Equations of describing the particle concentration distribution in the froth are derived by force analysis and combine with liquid entrainment rate, a mathematical model was presented to predict fly-ash particle entrainment rates in fixed valve tray column.
1.利用电导探针从单孔固阀塔板鼓泡入手,重点研究了单孔和多孔固阀塔板上气液两相流动情况,得出固阀塔板轴向高度上气液界面参数-局部气含率、气泡速度、气液比表面积及气泡尺寸统计规律。
2.通过实验研究洗涤塔内气体流量、液体流量、颗粒粒径、颗粒浓度以及塔板数对洗涤效率的影响,发现15μm以上飞灰颗粒洗涤效率几乎为100%；3-15μm的飞灰颗粒,洗涤效率均随着气体流量的增加而增加；1μm以下飞灰颗粒随气体流量的增加洗涤效率逐渐降低。不同粒径飞灰颗粒的洗涤效率均随液体流量的增加而增加。随着气相中颗粒浓度的增加,5μm以上飞灰颗粒的洗涤效率会略有增加,3-5μm之间飞灰颗粒的洗涤效率受颗粒浓度影响不大,3μm以下颗粒随飞灰浓度的增加,洗涤效率显著降低。综合分析固阀塔板上气泡流体力学、系统特性及操作变量对洗涤效率的影响,根据固阀塔板上飞灰质量守恒原则提出预测固阀洗涤塔的洗涤效率模型：
3.通过矩估计方法对固阀塔板上洗涤除尘过程进行了深入研究,分析了气液流动特性对洗涤效率的影响、飞灰颗粒在洗涤过程中的粒径分布特性及颗粒润湿性对洗涤效率的影响。发现飞灰颗粒穿过塔板上密集鼓泡层的过程中,飞灰颗粒的几何标准偏差逐渐降低；扩散作用主导区域下的飞灰颗粒其几何平均粒径逐渐增加,惯性撞击占主导作用下的飞灰颗粒,其几何平均粒径迅速下降；但处于扩散作用向惯性撞击作用过渡区的飞灰颗粒,其几何平均粒径几乎没有变化。气泡速度,气泡尺寸和气含率等气液界面参数对固阀塔板的洗涤效率有较大影响。随气泡尺寸的降低和气含率的增加,各粒度级飞灰颗粒洗涤效率均明显提高；随气泡速度的增加,扩散作用占主区域下的飞灰颗粒其洗涤效率逐渐降低,但惯性撞击占主导作用下的飞灰颗粒其洗涤效率逐渐增加。
4.对固阀塔板上泡沫层中飞灰颗粒浓度分布及塔板上方分离空间颗粒夹带速率进行研究。发现塔板上泡沫层内悬浮颗粒浓度与泡沫层高度、颗粒粒径及气液流量等因素有关。对于给定的表观气速和泡沫层高度,悬浮颗粒百分含量与颗粒粒径成反比,但受灰水浓度影响不大。泡沫层上方颗粒夹带速率受板间距、表观气速和泡沫层表面颗粒浓度影响较大。随气体流量增加或泡沫层表面颗粒浓度增大,颗粒夹带量会增加；随泡沫层高度增加,颗粒夹带量减少。泡沫层表而颗粒浓度随着表观气速的增加和溢流堰高度的降低而增大。通过对飞灰颗粒在气泡尾涡内的受力分析,建立了泡沫层内飞灰颗粒浓度分布模型,并且结合塔板上方分离空间的雾沫火带速率,建立了固阀塔板上颗粒火带速率模型。
This study is motivated against Opposed Multi-Burner (OMB) entrained-flow gasification background. The study object is fixed valve tray column that is the key equipment used in syngas preliminary purification process. The multiphase flow fields, scrubbing characteristics and mechanism of fixed valve tray column have been investigated by experimental and numerical simulation. The detailed contents are as follows:
1. Starting with the single-orifice bubbling with the double-sensor conductivity probe, the study lays stress on the gas-liquid two-phase flow on fixed valve trays with single and multiple orifices. The statistical laws of the phase interfacial parameters-gas holdup, interfacial area concentration, mean bubble size and mean bubble velocity along the axial height on the fixed valve tray have been obtained.
2. The effect of gas and liquid flow rate, particle size, particle concentration and tray number on collection efficiency of fixed valve tray column have been studied through experiment. For particles larger than15μm, the collection efficiency can achieve about100%. For particles3-15μm, the collection efficiency will increase with increasing gas flow rate while for particles smaller than1μm, the collection efficiency decreases with increasing gas flow rate. The collection efficiencies of all particles increase with liquid flow rate. With increasing inlet particle concentrations, for particles larger than5μm the collection efficiencies increases slightly while for particles smaller than3μm, the collection efficiencies decrease apparently and for particle size between them the collection efficiency have no obvious improving. Comprehensive analysis the effects of bubble hydrodynamics, system property, and operation conditions on the collection efficiency, and a mathematical model based on mass balance was proposed to predict fly-ash particle collection efficiency in fixed valve tray column:
3. The moment method was introduced to analysis the scrubbing process on fixed valve tray.The effect of gas-liquid flow characteristics and particle wettability on particle collection efficiency were also studied.The effect of gas-liquid flow characteristics on particle collection efficiency and particle size distribution properties in scrubbing process were analyzed. The results show that as particles pass through the bubble column, the geometric standard deviations of the size distribution of fly-ash particles decrease. The geometric mean diameter of fly-ash particles in the diffusion-dominant region increases, whereas it decreases in the impaction-dominant region. Bubble velocity, bubble size and gas hold-up play an important role in determining the particle collection efficiency of bubble columns. The collection efTiciency is enhanced in the entire particle size range either as bubble size decreases or as gas hold-up increases. With increase of bubble velocity, the particle collection efficiency in the diffusion-dominant region decreases, whereas it increases in the impaction-dominant region.
4. The suspend particle concentration distribution in froth and particle entrainment rate above the froth of fixed valve tray column were investigated experimentally and theoretically. The experiment results indicate that only a fraction of the particle loading gets suspended in the froth. This fraction turns out to be largely dependent on the froth height, particle size, gas and liquid flow rates. However it is insensitive to particle loading variations. The results also reveal the particle entrainment rates above the froth depend more sensitively on the froth height, the bubbling rate and the vertical distance from the froth surface. With increasing gas flow rate or surface particle concentration, particle entrainment rate will increase while with increasing froth height, particle entrainment rate decreases. The surface particle concentrations will increase with increase superficial gas flow rate or decrease weir height. Equations of describing the particle concentration distribution in the froth are derived by force analysis and combine with liquid entrainment rate, a mathematical model was presented to predict fly-ash particle entrainment rates in fixed valve tray column.
引文
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